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Background Anticholinergic and/or sedative mediations are one of the most commonly prescribed medication groups in older adults. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anticholinergic and/or sedative mediations use in community dwelling older adults as well as potentially associated factors with their use. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among community dwelling older adults who accepted invitation for geriatric screening in the Public Education Centres (PEC) in Türkiye. The subgroup study population was selected among those who used at least one medication. The prevalence of anticholinergic and/or sedative mediations use, comprehensive geriatric tests, drug–drug interactions and polypharmacy were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed to identify associated factors with anticholinergic and/or sedative mediations use. Results A total of 608 older adults voluntarily participated in the study from the 16 PEC. Among these 372 were eligible (61%). The prevalence of anticholinergic and/or sedative medications use was 36% among the community dwelling older adults. Polypharmacy was present in 32% of the them. Drug–drug interactions involved anticholinergic and/or sedative medications was common (42%). Polypharmacy ( p  < 0.001) and poor physical function (frailty, p  = 0.026; sarcopenia, p  = 0.003; instrumental activities of daily living, p  = 0.001; and activities of daily living, p  = 0.045) were found to be associated with the use of anticholinergic and/or sedative medications in this study. Conclusions With common anticholinergic and/or sedative mediations use and its associated risk for polypharmacy, poor physical function and drug-drug interactions, their use must be balanced with their potential risks and benefits.

Key summary points Aim Are rectus femoris muscle ultrasound findings associated with sarcopenia and sarcopenia-related quality of life? Findings Different Rectus Femoris ultrasound parameters can be used for detecting sarcopenia in community dwelling older people. Rectus Femoris ultrasound parameters are related sarcopenia-related quality of life tertiles. Message Sarcopenia and sarcopenia-related quality of life is associated with Rectus Femoris ultrasound parameters. Purpose Skeletal muscle ultrasonography stands out as a promising method for detecting sarcopenia. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia, sarcopenia related quality of life and US findings of the Rectus Femoris muscle. Methods A total of 300 older individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 criteria. Rectus F muscle thickness, cross-sectional area, fascicle length, pennation angle, stiffness and echogenicity were measured by an experienced radiologist using a B-mode US device. Quality of life was determined with the Sarcopenia- Quality of life questionnaire. Correlation analysis, receiver operating analysis, sensitivity and specificity analysis were performed. Results The median age of participants was 72. 191 (63.9%) and 109 (36.1%) of the participants were male and female, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.6%. Fascicle length, cross-sectional area and thickness showed the highest sensitivity (81%) and specificity (87%) for men. Fascicle length and pennation angle showed the highest sensitivity (87%) and specificity (66%) for women. Rectus Femoris ultrasound parameters differed across SarQoL quartiles, and higher Sarcopenia- Quality of life scores were associated with better ultrasound parameters. All ultrasound parameters had positive correlations with Sarcopenia- Quality of life. Conclusion Different Rectus Femoris ultrasound parameters are useful for detecting sarcopenia according to gender. A combination of these parameters can increase diagnosis accuracy. Ultrasound parameters are associated with sarcopenia related quality of life.

Central venous catheterization is a frequently performed procedure in the intensive care units (ICU) for various treatments such as iv therapy, parenteral nutrition and hemodialysis but occasionally encountered complications can be fatal. Therefore, safe insertion with confirmation of correct positioning of the catheter is vital. Ultrasound (US)-guided insertion of catheters has been used widely, and its safety and efficacy have been demonstrated in several studies. However, this technique is not free from complications, such as carotid artery puncture, hemothorax, pneumothorax and infection. In this case, anterior mediastinal hematoma proceeded after US-guided internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization.

Purpose Parkinson’s Disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is associated with substantial morbidity. α-Klotho, an anti-aging protein known for its neuroprotective properties, has gained attention. This study aims to assess serum levels of α-Klotho in PD patients. Methods This study is a cross-sectional case-control study. PD was diagnosed according to UK Parkinson Disease Society Brain Bank criteria. Serum α-Klotho level was measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Of the 314 participants in the study, 157 were patients with PD and 157 were controls. Lower levels of α-Klotho were observed in PD (0.85 nmol/L) in comparison to the controls (1.47 nmol/L, p  < 0.001). α-Klotho levels were also significantly lower among PD patients with dementia compared to PD patients without dementia. In logistic regression analysis, α-Klotho (OR: 0.04, p  < 0.001) demonstrated a significant relationship between PD. A significant correlation was identified between α-Klotho levels and Mini-Mental State Examination scores in PD patients. The sensitivity and the specifity of α-Klotho were 90% and 65% for predicting PD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that α-klotho could potentially serve as a biomarker. However additional studies are needed to confirm our findings. Key points Aim This study aimed to investigate the potential association between α-Klotho, a protein implicated in longevity, and Parkinson’s Disease, the most prevalent motor system disorder. Findings Our findings revealed both an association between serum α-Klotho protein and Parkinson’s Disease and its potential value for diagnostic applications. Message This study demonstrates an association between α-Klotho protein levels and Parkinson’s Disease, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for Parkinson’s Disease diagnosis.

Background Frailty indicates older people who are vulnerable to stressors. The relation between ultrasonographic parameters of muscle and frailty among older people has yet to be investigated. Aims The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between frailty and the ultrasonographic measurements of the rectus femoris muscle (RFM). Methods This cross-sectional study included 301 participants who were ≥65 years. The FRAIL questionnaire assessed frailty. The thickness, cross-sectional area (CSA), fascicle length, pennation angle (PA), stiffness, and echogenicity of RFM were assessed by ultrasound. The accuracy of parameters in predicting the frailty was evaluated by ROC analysis. Results Of all 301 participants, 24.6% were frail. Pre-frail and frail participants had significantly lower thickness ( p  = 0.002), CSA ( p  = 0.009), and fascicle length ( p  = 0.043) of RFM compared to robust. PA was significantly lowest in frails ( p  < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PA values lower than 10.65 degrees were an independent predictor of frailty (OR = 0.83, 95% Cl: 0.70–0.97, p  = 0.019). Results of ROC analysis demonstrated a satisfactory result between the PA and frailty (AUC = 0.692, p  < 0.001). Discussion Thickness, CSA, and PA of RFM were found to be lower in frail subjects, which may indicate the changes in muscle structure in frailty. Among all parameters, lower PA values were independent predictors of frailty. These findings may indicate a novel ultrasound-based method in frailty, that is more objective and unrelated to the cross-sectional evaluation. Conclusions Ultrasonographic measurements of RFM, especially the lower PA may predict frailty in older people. As an objective and quantitative method, PA may be used to define frailty with acceptable sensitivity.