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The work presents a comprehensive analysis and costing of sugar beet cultivation in 2020–2022, for individual farms of the Lublin region. About 120 farms were analyzed. Based on this analysis, the criteria for a model farm were determined and adopted for the calculation of sugar beet production costs. ARIMA process modeling was performed, based on which forecasts were determined for several selected parameters. Customs tariffs introduced by the USA have a drastic impact on the economy. The effects of the COVID19 pandemic may also have a significant impact on the current market situation. Forecasting in the current geopolitical situation is very difficult because of the lack of stationarity of parameters. The financial result obtained by growers is mainly influenced by indirect costs absorbing 61.31% of total costs in 2020. In 2021 and 2022, indirect costs were 61.16% and 59.61% of production income, respectively. Among this group of costs, the largest share is accounted for by the costs of sowing services, sugar beet harvesting, and soil liming amounting from 14.27% to 15.92%. During the analyzed period, sugar beet cultivation remained profitable, with a production profitability index of 1.31 in 2020 and 2021, and 1.10 in 2022. The unit cost of production increased every year. In 2020, it was 14.27% and in 2021, it increased to 15.19%. The unit cost of production in 2022 was the highest, at 23.41%. Sugar beet cultivation is one of the profitable activities in agricultural production, but it is characterized by high production costs, which increased during the years analyzed (2020 to 2022), topping out at 90.87% of total revenue. The information and data presented in this study will be used in the development of a farmer-oriented application and will support the creation of an expert system for sugar beet growers. Cost forecasting will enable farmers to plan their production more effectively.

Agricultural biogas plant operations are energy sources that fit well with rural land use. The continuous increase in cattle and pigs creates the need to manage animal waste, especially slurry. Using it for energy production in biogas plants offers the possibility of obtaining electricity, heat, and highly efficient manure. The thermal energy generated in an agricultural biogas plant is used to heat the substrate in the fermentation process and can also be used to heat buildings, dry fodder, or wood. Electricity can be used to cover the farm’s needs and sold to an energy company. However, the energy generated in the biogas plant must be of the right quality. One of the main factors describing the quality of electricity is the voltage distortion from the sinusoidal waveform. This paper presents the results of a study of the impact of biogas plant operation on the course of voltage and current in the grid. The theoretical analysis of the voltage distortion mechanism at the point of connection of an agricultural biogas plant was based on a simplified power system model consisting of a voltage source and the equivalent impedance of the power system. According to the theoretical analyses, agricultural biogas plant operation should reduce the voltage distortion factor. In order to confirm this statement, field tests were carried out at three agricultural biogas plants, based on which an analysis was made of the impact of the power generated in the biogas plants on the value of voltage distortion occurring at the point of their connection. However, the field tests did not confirm the conclusion of the theoretical analysis. Only in one case (where the biogas plant was connected near a substation and there was the highest short-circuit power) could it be seen that an increase in generation affected the voltage distortion factor. In the other two cases, generation did not significantly affect the shape of the voltage waveform. However, in each of the biogas plants studied, as the generation power increased, the current distortion factor decreased, suggesting that agricultural biogas plants should operate as close to the rated power as possible.

This paper addresses the issue of metrological accuracy of instantaneous in-cylinder pressure measurement in a diesel engine test bed. In studies, the central unit has been the single-cylinder AVL 5402 engine. The pressure measurement was performed with a sensor designed for thermodynamic analysis, and the results were related to the crank angle, where two rotations corresponding to the four-stroke working cycle were denoted as angles between −360° and +360°. The novelty of this paper is the proposition of how to perform a type A uncertainty estimation of the in-cylinder pressure measurement and to assess its repeatability. It was demonstrated that repeatability of the measurement during the ignition process was difficult to estimate because of the phenomena that cannot ensure the repeatability conditions. To solve the problem, two methods were proposed. In one method, the pressure was measured in the subsequent cycles immediately after the ignition was turned off, and in another method, the engine was driven by a starter. The latter method provided maximal pressure values much lower than during usual tests. The obtained repeatability of measured pressure was %EV = 0.4%, which proved high capability of the evaluated measurement system.

In Poland, the market of electric field tractors is practically non-existent. There are individual models in offers dedicated to the agriculture made by foreign producers. However, these offers are presented mainly at agricultural fairs. The article presents the research on the needs of farms for electric tractors and presents the possibilities of developing electro mobility in this sector of the economy. Questionnaire was presented, data were collected from those working in the agricultural sector. The data will be used to gauge attitudes and opinions towards alternative power systems implemented in agriculture.

Almond production in Ukraine is undergoing the process of formation. There is an urgent need to study the almond market in Ukraine, including the formation of production strategies. A content analysis of the scientific literature was used to single out the general approach for enterprise strategy development. With a view toward determining the regions in Ukraine with the most concentrated production of almonds, a cluster analysis was carried out. To maintain the SWOT analysis for the producers of almonds in Ukraine, a factor analysis was conducted. The incoming data for the factor analysis was obtained by surveying 98 domestic almond companies. For the development of product-based conceptual models, frequency analysis and multiple-choice analysis were applied. The main results included a conceptual model of the product portfolio, a generalized product portfolio for nut-producing enterprises in Ukraine, and a strategic approach for an almond-growing enterprise in Ukraine. Given the most promising regions for almond growing in Ukraine, the main SWOT analysis results outlined the broad prospects: lack of competition, high demand, and government support along with weak sector organization and opportunistic strategy. In addition, almond production fell under the investment production category, which was considered to require new employees.

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of red light (RL) and effective microorganisms (EMs) on the wheat yield of grain and straw, as well as the quality (protein, carbohydrates, gluten, index of sedimentation (SDS index), germination capacity). Moreover, the experiments measured the granulometric composition and pH of soil, as well as its content of microelements and major nutrients, including heavy metals. The field experiment was conducted in 2017, 2018, and 2019 at the experimental station (Felin) of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin (Poland). The best results in terms of overall yield, protein content, and SDS index were obtained after the red light treatment (RL). The three-year application of effective microorganisms (EMs) in the soil had a positive impact, relative to the control, on the grain yield, straw yield, starch, SDS index, and germination capacity. A slight decrease was observed in terms of the protein content. After the application of effective microorganisms (EMs) in soil, changes were observed in the soil’s granulometric composition, pH, humus, and microelements.

The changes that have taken place over the last 3 decades on the market of air services in Europe have had an impact on the markets of individual regions. The paper presents short introduction to the issues of transformation on the European aviation market. The main purpose of this article is to present the development of the aviation market in Poland over the period 2000-2017. The data presented in the article comes from the reports of the Civil Aviation Office in Poland and International Civil Aviation Organization. Aviation market in Poland is becoming more and more popular and its further development is expected in the coming years. There is a great potential for small regional airports that are increasingly operating on the transport services market.

Results of laboratory tests on the sowing quality of Vistula parsley seeds with a working section of a seed drill by Weremczuk company Max Pneumatic S 156 model with a pneumatic sowing system were presented. Tests of the sowing section of a seed drill were carried out in laboratory conditions on a special stand. They showed that the seed drill speed and rotations of the sowing disc have a significant impact on the sowing quality expressed with participation of single, double sowing and passes. The most favourable results at all set distances between seeds in a row were obtained with a seed drill speed of 1 km·h−1. On the other hand, the increase of the working speed of a seed drill and rotations of a sowing disc influenced significantly the deterioration of the sowing quality.

The paper presents the concept of use of fuels produced from production waste (RDF). The usefulness of RDF processed into pellets used in the chemical and power industry was also analyzed. The paper presents the results of research on the quality and content of selected elements in RDF pellets. The values of individual indexes are within the ranges typical for fuels manufactured from plastics. The tested material’s humidity was identified as low, as well as the content of chlorine, sulfur and other elements. In the working condition, the calorific value of the tested sample was 25.260 MJ·kg−1 and was above the range of typical values for RDF (13-20 MJ·kg−1). The moisture content in the tested material was 1% and it was within the required range. In the laboratory tests, the content of chlorine and sulfur was also determined.

The paper discusses the possibility of using alternative fuels from bio-mass and plastics in Poland. Their physiochemical properties and possible application in the chemical, cement and energy industries were determined. The heat of combustion of the tested samples was 26.169 MJ·kg−1. On the other hand, the moisture content in the tested material was 1.6%, i.e. within the requirements for this raw material. Since the chlorine content in relation to the sulfur content in the waste is an indicator of the corrosive potential of the fuel, the content of chlorine and sulfur was determined in laboratory tests. The analyzed waste samples were within the specified requirements. The tested material, in which the chlorine content was determined (0.577%), indicates that the tested fuels can be included in the power industry, in accordance with PN-EN 15359:2012.