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The phenomenon of Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) flooding caused by marine eutrophication has resulted in serious environmental impact. Here, we demonstrate an application of Fenton’s reagent in the rapid recovery and utilization of EP. The humification of EP with water content of 80–90% is accelerated by adding H 2 O 2 and FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O. A notable self-heating phenomenon (from 22 to 86 °C) is observed within 10 min, and the sample is dried to obtain the EP fertilizer (EPF) after 60 min, which contained 25.5 ± 4.3% (wt%) of fulvic-like acid (FLA). Aromatization, amidation and carboxylation reactions induced by free radicals (mainly •OH) play a key role in EP (mainly polysaccharides and proteins) humification through degradation-polymerization pathway. A scale-up experiment is also carried out to confirm the feasibility of this technology. EPF increases the fresh weight of chickweeds (pot experiment) and cabbage (field plot experiment) by 27.1% and 609.7% compared with blank, respectively. This study opens a promising avenue for application of Fenton reaction in biowaste humification, which is beneficial for efficient EP recycling and agriculture sustainable development. The phenomenon of Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) flooding caused by marine eutrophication has resulted in serious environmental impact. Here, the authors demonstrate an application of Fenton’s reagent in the rapid recovery and utilization of EP.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate differences in brain imaging characteristics among patients with Parkinson’s disease with cognitive impairment (PDCI), Parkinson’s disease without cognitive impairment (PDNCI), and healthy controls (HC), and to develop machine learning–based models for the early diagnosis of PDCI. A total of 48 patients with PDCI, 50 patients with PDNCI, and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled, all of whom underwent magnetic resonance imaging using a 3.0 T MRI scanner. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) was applied to quantify cerebral blood flow (CBF), and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to assess magnetic susceptibility, while cognitive function was evaluated using standardized neuropsychological scales. Group differences were examined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and seven machine learning classifiers, including random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), were constructed to discriminate among the PDCI, PDNCI, and HC groups. The ANOVA results revealed significant differences in both CBF and magnetic susceptibility between the HC group and the two PD groups, whereas no significant differences were observed between the PDCI and PDNCI groups. Compared with normative data, patients with PDCI exhibited cognitive impairments exceeding 2 standard deviations in the domains of language, attention, and working memory, as well as impairments exceeding 1 standard deviation in visuospatial function, memory, and executive function. Among the machine learning models, RF, KNN, and XGB achieved perfect classification performance, with all evaluation metrics reaching 1.000, indicating excellent discriminative capability. Feature importance analysis identified increased CBF and magnetic susceptibility in regions such as the left precuneus (Precuneus_L) and left postcentral gyrus (Postcentral_L) as key imaging features distinguishing PDCI, and correlation analyses further demonstrated significant associations between cognitive deficits and alterations in CBF and magnetic susceptibility. These findings suggest that ASL- and QSM-derived imaging features have substantial potential as non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of PDCI, that patients with PDCI exhibit widespread impairments across multiple cognitive domains—particularly in language, attention, and working memory—and that machine learning models integrating multimodal imaging features provide a reliable and effective approach for early diagnosis and may facilitate personalized treatment strategies in Parkinson’s disease, although future studies with larger sample sizes and independent validation cohorts are warranted to enhance the robustness and generalizability of these models.

Hydroponics is currently one of the primary methods for soilless cultivation. Although the phenotype and quality of vegetables differ between hydroponic and soil-based systems, limited research has been conducted on the selection and breeding of pakchoi cultivars specifically suited for hydroponics. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were performed on the commercial traits, agronomic characteristics, and nutritional quality of 20 pakchoi parental lines grown under hydroponic conditions to classify and screen suitable germplasm for breeding. PCA reduced the 11 agronomic traits into two independent principal components, accounting for a cumulative contribution of 79.22%. Cluster analysis grouped the 20 parental lines into four categories based on the composite scores of agronomic traits and nutritional quality. Group 3 was selected for breeding programs aiming to develop high-yielding cultivars with a desirable morphology. For breeding targets emphasizing darker leaves and petiole coloration, Group 4 presented the most suitable germplasm. Group 1 was ideal for enhancing nutritional quality by offering parent lines rich in calcium, magnesium, vitamin C, and amino acids. Alternatively, Group 2 contained lines with high levels of soluble proteins, amino acids, and soluble sugars.

Background The neuroimmune interaction mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases have received increasing attention. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with potential immunoregulatory abnormalities. However, the causal roles of specific immune cell proteins remain unclear. Methods We obtained PD and immune cell protein data from an open and free genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for subsequent analysis. Two‐sample MR analyses with inverse‐variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode methods were used to evaluate the causal effects. Sensitivity analyses incorporated Cochran's Q test for SNP heterogeneity (prioritizing IVW estimates when present) alongside MR‐Egger intercept and leave‐one‐out evaluations to address horizontal pleiotropy. Results The IVW analysis revealed that the genetically predicted level of three immune cell proteins per standard‐deviation increase was positively associated with PD, including CD38 (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.05–1.22, P = 0.001), FcγRIIIB (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01–1.11, P = 0.019), and CUL4B (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00–1.20, P = 0.012). The IVW analysis also revealed that the genetically predicted level of ADAMTSs per standard‐deviation increase was inversely associated with PD (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.98, P = 0.013). Conclusions We demonstrate that CD38, FcγRIIIB, and CUL4B are risk factors for PD, whereas ADAMTSs is a protective factor. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to elucidate the causal relationship between immune cell proteins and PD. Our study reveals a possible causal effect of immune cell proteins on the risk of PD and provides new ideas for the prevention and management of PD through immune cell proteins.

The toxicity of clothianidin to non-target organisms has gradually attracted world-wide attention. It is essential to develop reliable methods for the on-site detection of clothianidin residue. In this study, analogue-based heterologous ic-ELISAs were designed to rapidly screen desirable hybridomas, which could be used for the construction of recombinant antibodies (RAbs) against clothianidin. Based on the antibody variable region genes, two full-length IgG RAbs (1F7-RAb and 5C3-RAb) were produced by the mammalian cell expression system. The performance of the two RAbs was characterized and compared by heterologous ic-ELISAs and non-competitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays. Using heterologous ic-ELISAs, the 1F7-RAb exhibited highly specific and sensitive recognition to clothianidin with an IC50 of 4.62 μg/L, whereas the 5C3-RAb could bind to both clothianidin and dinotefuran. The results of the non-competitive SPR assay further verified that the 1F7-RAb had a higher specificity and affinity to clothianidin than the 5C3-RAb. Finally, a gold immunochromatographic assay based on the novel antibody, 1F7-RAb, was developed for rapid detection of clothianidin with high sensitivity (visual detection limit of 2.5 μg/L), specificity, and good reproducibility, which can be used as an effective supervision tool for clothianidin residue in agricultural and environmental samples.

Background Parkinson’s disease-related insomnia (PD-I) has a profound impact on the overall well-being of patients. The findings of previous studies suggested that acupuncture may potentially improve the quality of sleep-in patients with PD. However, the clinical evidence to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in managing PD-I remains undisclosed. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 60 eligible participants between November 24, 2023 and June 18, 2024. Final follow-up was September 20, 2024. Participants with PD-I were allocated randomly (1:1) to the true acupuncture (TA) group or sham acupuncture (SA) group. The primary outcome was the change in the Parkinson Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) score from baseline to week 16. The secondary outcomes included the assessment of insomnia, movement disorders, drug withdrawal rate and adverse effect were also recorded. Results The sleep quality rate of the TA group showed an increase at the 4th week, characterized by a notable rise in the proportion of scores within the range of 91–120 and a substantial decrease in scores ranging from 0–60, as compared to the SA group. Moreover, there was a significantly higher change observed in PDSS score for the TA group compared to the SA group, with a difference of 21.4 points (95% CI, 15.6 to 27.2), and this disparity remained consistent throughout the follow-up period until week 16. From baseline to week 4, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) decreased to 8.9 points (95% CI, 3.6 to 14.2) in the TA group and 10.8 points (95% CI, 4.3 to 17.3) in the SA group. The TA group presented a reduction in time to sleep and an increase in both actual sleep duration and sleep efficiency from baseline to week 4 and week 8. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that acupuncture may enhance the management of patients with PD-I, thereby providing clinical evidence for the safety and efficacy evaluation of acupuncture. Trial registration This trial has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300077729). Submitted 18 July 2023, Registered 17 November 2023.

With the development of antibody technology, more and more immunoconjugates are used in clinical treatment for different cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitive effects of 5F11-DOX immunoconjugate on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line LTEP-A2 in vitro and in vivo and to explore the potential mechanism. The 5F11-DOX immunoconjugate was produced by diluted glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The killing efficiency of 5F11-DOX was detected by clonogenic assay. The distribution of DOX was observed under fluorescence microscope and the 5F11 location was determined by immunohistochemistry. The therapeutic efficacy of 5F11-DOX and free DOX was detected on subcutaneous or intraperitoneal exnogenic transplanted tumors of human lung adenocarcinoma A2 cells in nude mice. 5F11-DOX of 0.04mg/L could kill all the A2 cells in vitro and the killing efficiency was 10 times as that of the free DOX. Fluorescence microscopy showed that fluorescence of DOX in 3mg/L 5F11-DOX group was much stronger than that in 3

随着抗体技术的发展,越来越多的抗体复合物用于肿瘤的治疗。本研究试图探讨单克隆抗体化疗药物结合物5F11-DOX在体内外对人肺腺癌A2细胞的抑制作用及其可能的作用机制。方法 戊二醛法制备5F11-DOX结合物,集落形成实验观察结合物对肿瘤细胞的体外杀伤作用,荧光显微镜观察DOX在肿瘤细胞中的分布,免疫组化检测抗体与肿瘤细胞的结合部位及分布。裸鼠皮下或腹腔内接种A2细胞异种移植瘤,比较5F11-DOX与游离DOX的疗效。结果 浓度为0.04mg/L的5F11-DOX即可在体外杀死全部人肺腺癌A2细胞,5F11-DOX是游离DOX作用的10倍。荧光镜检发现在DOX浓度为3mg/L时作用3h,去除药物,继续培养24h后,5F11-DOX组的DOX荧光较游离DOX组强。免疫组化检测发现5F11定位于细胞膜与胞浆中,而荧光镜检发现DOX分布于细胞内。裸鼠皮下及腹腔内异种移植瘤治疗实验显示5F11DOX组裸鼠的移植瘤明显小于对照组和同剂量游离DOX组(P < 0.05);5F11-DOX疗效相当于4～8倍的游离DOX。移植瘤的病理切片HE染色显示,5F11-DOX结合物组癌巢中央和周围均有大片的瘤组织坏死。结论 5F11-DOX结合物对人肺腺癌A2细胞的杀伤作用显著高于游离的DOX。 Background and objective With the development of antibody technology, more and more immunoconjugates are used in clinical treatment for different cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitive effects of 5F11-DOX immunoconjugate on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line LTEP-A2 in vitro and in vivo and to explore the potential mechanism. Methods The 5F11-DOX immunoconjugate was produced by diluted glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The killing efficiency of 5F11-DOX w

代谢活化酶细胞色素P4502A6（CYP2A6）在尼古丁氧化及其他烟草致癌物的活化过程中发挥重要的作用。研究认为携带CYP2A6缺失型等位基因的个体患肺癌的危险性降低。本研究旨在探讨CYP2A6与肺癌易感性的关系,为确定肺癌易感性遗传标记提供依据。方法 采用病例-对照研究方法及巢式PCR技术检测原发性肺癌组（180例）及对照组（224例）的CYP2A6代谢酶基因型。结果 对照组只检测出1例纯合型CYP2A6缺失,CYP2A6杂合缺失型所占比例为13.4%。在肺癌组中CYP2A6杂合缺失型所占比例为12.8%,未能检测出纯合型CYP2A6缺失。两组间比较没有统计学差异（P > 0.05）。结论 CYP2A6突变基因在肺癌组及对照组中的频率分布没有差异。 Background and objective Cytochrome P450 2A6 （CYP2A6） plays an important role in oxidation of nicotine and in activation of tobacco-related carcinogens. It has been suggested that individuals with defective CYP2A6 allele are at a lower risk of developing lung cancer. This study is to investigate the frequency of CYP2A6 gene deletion and the relationship of CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism with lung cancer risk in Chinese. Methods A case-control study which detected CYP2A6 genotype of 180 patients with lung cancer and 224 controls by PCR-based genotype assay was conducted. Results No relationship was found between the frequency of CYP2A6 gene deletion and lung cancer risk. There was only one

A two-year survey on the residues of heavy metals in four Chinese crude drugs and their cultivated soils was conducted. Targeted heavy metals were copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd). Herbs surveyed include White Peony Root (Radix Paeoniae Alba), Turmeric Root Tuber (Radix Curcumae), Thunberg Fritillary Bulb (Bulbus Fritillariae Thumbergii), and Tuber of Dwarf Lilyturf (Radix Ophiopogonis). Concentrations of all heavy metals were under the permitted levels except cadmium, which exceeded the permitted level in some samples of Thunberg Fritillary Bulb, White Peony Root, and Turmeric Root Tuber. Concentration coefficients were less than 1.0 for all heavy metals except cadmium. The concentration coefficient of cadmium in Turmeric Root Tuber was 14.0. Lower pH and high Zn concentration in the soil may facilitate the transfer of cadmium from cultivated soil into the herbs.