Explore the vast range of titles available.

With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the application of lightweight materials in this field is becoming increasingly widespread. It not only helps to improve the energy efficiency of new energy vehicles, but also enhances their safety and comfort. However, finding lightweight materials that combine high strength, good stability, and environmental friendliness has always been a challenge for the industry. To further improve the mechanical properties of lightweight materials for new energy vehicles and achieve environmentally friendly applications, Bis (tert butyldioisopropyl) benzene was used as a chain extender based on Poly butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate. And a new lightweight foam material for automobiles was developed by blending with modified carbon nanofibers. These experiments confirmed that the proposed new foam material had a tensile strength of 21.0 MPa and a crack elongation of 610%. When the carbon nanofiber content reached 40% and 50%, the modulus significantly increased to over 200 MPa. The modified material's starting tensile strength was 31.8 ± 4.4 MPa. This material not only has high tensile strength, but also exhibits better stability and ductility under stress, and has good environmental significance.

Some extratropical cyclones (ETC) begin their development in close proximity to a preexisting atmospheric river (AR). This study investigates the differences in the cyclogenesis stage between these cyclogenesis events and those that begin without an AR nearby. Well-established ETC and AR detection methods are applied to reanalysis over the North Pacific during the 1979–2009 cool seasons (November–March). Of the 3137 cyclogenesis cases detected, 35% are associated with a nearby AR at the time of initial cyclogenesis. Of all 448 cyclones that deepened explosively in the 24 h after their initiation, 60% began with a preexisting AR nearby. The roles of both dry and diabatic processes that contribute to cyclogenesis are examined, specifically, low-level baroclinicity, upper-level forcing, water vapor inflow, and latent heating. ETCs that develop associated with a preexisting AR receive nearly 80% more water vapor inflow on average, enhancing latent heating and intensifying cyclone deepening in the genesis stage. In contrast, neither low-level baroclinicity nor upper-level potential vorticity exhibit statistically significant differences between cyclogenesis events with and without an AR. Cyclogenesis events associated with an exceptionally strong AR at the ETC initial time deepen even more rapidly in the genesis stage, indicating that the intensity of an antecedent AR can modulate cyclogenesis. About half of the cyclogenesis cases off the U.S. West Coast are associated with ARs at their initial time. These results imply that errors in initial conditions related to ARs can contribute to errors in both AR and ETC predictions, as well as their concomitant impacts.

This study investigates the future change in precipitation associated with extratropical cyclones over eastern North America and the western Atlantic during the cool season (November–March) through the twenty-first century. A cyclone-relative approach is applied to 10 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) in order to isolate precipitation changes for different cyclone intensities and storm life cycle, as well as determine the relevant physical processes associated with these changes. The historical analysis suggests that models with better performance in predicting extratropical cyclones tend to have smaller precipitation errors, and the ensemble mean has a smaller mean absolute error than the individual models. By the late-twenty-first century, the precipitation amount associated with cyclones increases by 5%–25% over the U.S. East Coast, with about 90% of the increase from the relatively strong (<990 hPa) and moderate (990–1005 hPa) cyclones. Meanwhile, the precipitation rate increases by 15%–25% over the U.S. East Coast for the strong cyclone centers, which is larger than the moderate and weak cyclones. The relatively strong cyclones just inland of the U.S. East Coast have the largest increase (∼30%) in precipitation rate, since these centers over land have the largest increase in low-level temperature (and moisture), a decrease (5%–13%) in the static stability, and an increase (∼5%) in upward motion during the late-twenty-first century. This east coast region also has an increase in cyclone intensity in the future even though there is a decrease in low-level baroclinicity, which suggests that the latent heat release from heavier precipitation contributes to this storm deepening.

Background Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a common intervention for anemia in preterm infants; however, its association with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains debated. While biological mechanisms suggest potential harm, the clinical impact of transfusion frequency on BPD incidence and severity remains unclear. Objective To investigate whether RBC transfusion frequency is independently associated with the risk and severity of BPD in preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation. Methods This retrospective cohort study included preterm infants (< 32 weeks gestational age) admitted to the NICU at Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between January 2020 and December 2022. Only transfusions administered before 36 weeks postmenstrual age were included. Clinical data, including transfusion frequency, hemoglobin levels, and respiratory diagnoses, were collected. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for BPD, and ROC curve analysis determined the optimal transfusion threshold. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate confounding effects. Results Among 228 included infants, 184 (80.7%) received at least one RBC transfusion. The BPD group received a higher number of transfusions (mean 4.24 vs. 1.89, p  < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified transfusion frequency (OR = 1.245; 95% CI: 1.023–1.514; p  = 0.049) and lower gestational age (OR = 0.749; 95% CI: 0.561–0.998; p  = 0.05) as independent risk factors for BPD. ROC analysis demonstrated transfusion frequency effectively predicted BPD (AUC = 0.749), with ≥ 4 transfusions (sensitivity 51%, specificity 77%) correlating with increased severity (Kendall’s τ_b = 0.453, p  < 0.001). Neonatal hemoglobin levels inversely correlated with transfusion requirements ( r =-0.187, p  < 0.001). Subgroup analysis confirmed this association across GA strata ( p  < 0.05). Early transfusion (≤ 14 days of life) was not associated with increased severity. Conclusion RBC transfusion frequency is an independent, dose-dependent risk factor for BPD in preterm infants. Reducing unnecessary transfusions and optimizing anemia management may help mitigate BPD risk and severity.

Cuproptosis is an emerging cell death pathway that depends on the intracellular Cu ions. Elesclomol (ES) as an efficient Cu ionophore can specifically transport Cu into mitochondria and trigger cuproptosis. However, ES can be rapidly removed and metabolized during intravenous administration, leading to a short half‐life and limited tumor accumulation, which hampers its clinical application. Here, the study develops a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive polymer (PCP) based on cinnamaldehyde (CA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to encapsulate ES‐Cu compound (EC), forming ECPCP. ECPCP significantly prolongs the systemic circulation of EC and enhances its tumor accumulation. After cellular internalization, the PCP coating stimulatingly dissociates exposing to the high‐level ROS, and releases ES and Cu, thereby triggering cell death via cuproptosis. Meanwhile, Cu2+‐stimulated Fenton‐like reaction together with CA‐stimulated ROS production simultaneously breaks the redox homeostasis, which compensates for the insufficient oxidative stress treated with ES alone, in turn inducing immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, achieving simultaneous cuproptosis and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the excessive ROS accelerates the stimuli‐dissociation of ECPCP, forming a positive feedback therapy loop against tumor self‐alleviation. Therefore, ECPCP as a nanoplatform for cuproptosis and immunotherapy improves the dual antitumor mechanism of ES and provides a potential optimization for ES clinical application. In this study, a self‐ampslifying ROS‐responsive nanoplatform (ECPCP) is developed, of which a polymer based on cinnamaldehyde and polyethylene glycol is fabricated to encapsulate elesclomol‐Cu compound. ECPCP successfully prolongs the systemic circulation of elesclomol and enhances its tumor accumulation, subsequently improving the dual antitumor mechanism of ES, cuproptosis, and immunotherapy, and provides a potential optimization for ES clinical application.

Galactose-deficient IgA1 was evaluated in patients with IgA nephropathy(IgAN) and controls in order to determine the predictive value of galactose-deficient IgA1 in cases of IgA nephropathy. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, CNKI, CBM disc, and VIP database were searched to identify eligible studies that evaluated a difference in aberrant IgA1 glycosylation in IgAN patients compared with controls. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of galactose-deficient IgA1(Gd-IgA1) levels in different groups. A total of 22 studies (n = 1657) met inclusion criteria. The mean Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score was 7.2 and ranged from 6 to 8. The standard mean difference(SMD) in the meta-analysis of 20 studies of the level of Gd-IgA1 in the serum and/or supernatant of cultured cells was higher in the IgAN group compared with healthy controls as well as in those with other renal diseases (SMD = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.18-2.34, P<0.00001; SMD = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.05-2.04, P = 0.04). The data synthesis suggested that IgAN patients had similar levels of serum Gd-IgA1, with no significant differences, compared with first-degree relatives and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) patients (MD = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.00-0.08, P = 0.05; MD = -46.03, 95% CI = -217.70-125.64, P = 0.60). In addition, the combined MD of 5 studies indicated that there were no significant differences in Gd-IgA1 levels among patients with varying severities of IgAN (MD = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.02-0.05, P = 0.28). The pooled evidence suggests that the level of Gd-IgA1 in the serum or supernatant of cultured cells from peripheral blood or tonsils may be a useful biomarker for predicting IgA nephropathy, though the level of Gd-IgA1 was not significantly associated with disease severity.

Location error and false alarm are noticeable problems in fiber distributed acoustic sensing systems based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR). A novel method based on signal kurtosis is proposed to locate and discriminate perturbations in Φ-OTDR systems. The spatial kurtosis (SK) along the fiber is firstly obtained by calculating the kurtosis of acoustic signals at each position of the fiber in a short time period. After the moving average on the spatial dimension, the spatial average kurtosis (SAK) is then obtained, whose peak can accurately locate the center of the vibration segment. By comparing the SAK value with a certain threshold, we may to some degree discriminate the instantaneous destructive perturbations from the system noise and certain ambient environmental interferences. The experimental results show that, comparing with the average of the previous localization methods, the SAK method improves the pencil-break and digging locating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 16.6 dB and 17.3 dB, respectively; and decreases the location standard deviation by 7.3 m and 9.1 m, respectively. For the instantaneous destructive perturbation (pencil-break and digging) detection, the false alarm rate can be as low as 1.02%, while the detection probability is maintained as high as 95.57%. In addition, the time consumption of the SAK method is adequate for a real-time Φ-OTDR system.

Extratropical cyclone track density, genesis frequency, deepening rate, and maximum intensity distributions over eastern North America and the western North Atlantic were analyzed for 15 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for the historical period (1979–2004) and three future periods (2009–38, 2039–68, and 2069–98). The cyclones were identified using an automated tracking algorithm applied to sea level pressure every 6 h. The CMIP5 results for the historical period were evaluated using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). The CMIP5 models were ranked given their track density, intensity, and overall performance for the historical period. It was found that six of the top seven CMIP5 models with the highest spatial resolution were ranked the best overall. These models had less underprediction of cyclone track density, more realistic distribution of intense cyclones along the U.S. East Coast, and more realistic cyclogenesis and deepening rates. The best seven models were used to determine projected future changes in cyclones, which included a 10%–30% decrease in cyclone track density and weakening of cyclones over the western Atlantic storm track, while in contrast there is a 10%–20% increase in cyclone track density over the eastern United States, including 10%–40% more intense (<980 hPa) cyclones and 20%–40% more rapid deepening rates just inland of the U.S. East Coast. Some of the reasons for these CMIP5 model differences were explored for the selected models based on model generated Eady growth rate, upper-level jet, surface baroclinicity, and precipitation.

Background Combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has greatly improved the anticancer effect on multiple malignancies. However, the efficiency on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is limited, since most patients bear “cold” tumors with low tumor immunogenicity. Doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most effective chemotherapy agents, can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and thus initiating immune response. Methods In this study, to maximize the ICD effect induced by DOX, chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide (R6F3)-modified nanoparticles (PNPs) loaded with ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) were fabricated using the self-assembly technique, followed by co-encapsulation with DOX based on thermo-sensitive hydrogel. Orthotopic tumor model and contralateral tumor model were established to observe the antitumor efficacy of the thermo-sensitive hydrogel combined with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, besides, the biocompatibility was also evaluated by histopathological. Results Rg3-PNPs strengthened the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect induced by DOX. Moreover, the hydrogel co-loading Rg3-PNPs and DOX provoked stronger immune response in originally nonimmunogenic 4T1 tumors than DOX monotherapy. Following combination with PD-L1 blocking, substantial antitumor effect was achieved due to the recruitment of memory T cells and the decline of adaptive PD-L1 enrichment. Conclusion The hydrogel encapsulating DOX and highly permeable Rg3-PNPs provided an efficient strategy for remodeling immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and converting immune “cold” 4T1 into “hot” tumors.

This paper summarized the research status, imaging model, systems calibration, distortion correction, and panoramic expansion of panoramic vision systems, pointed out the existing problems and put forward the prospect of future research. According to the research status of panoramic vision systems, a panoramic vision system with single viewpoint of refraction and reflection is designed. The systems had the characteristics of fast acquisition, low manufacturing cost, fixed single-view imaging, integrated imaging, and automatic switching depth of field. Based on these systems, an improved nonlinear optimization polynomial fitting method is proposed to calibrate the monocular HOVS, and the binocular HOVS is calibrated with the Aruco label. This method not only improves the robustness of the calibration results, but also simplifies the calibration process. Finally, a real-time method of panoramic map of multi-function vehicle based on vcam is proposed.