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Solar desalination using hydrogel evaporators is an eco‐friendly, highly efficient means with natural sunlight for sustainable freshwater production. However, it remains challenging to develop a cost‐effective and scalable method to prepare salt‐resistant hydrogel evaporators for stable desalination. Here, inspired by tree transpiration and hierarchical porous structure, a 3D‐printed bionic hydrogel evaporator (3DP‐BHE) is designed for long‐term solar desalination. Commercialized activated carbon (AC) is introduced into biomass starch skeleton as a solar light absorber to build 3DP‐BHE in a cost‐effective fashion ( $10.14 m−2 of total materials cost). The bionic tree leaf layer for 94.01% light absorption and timely vapor diffusion. The bionic tree trunk layer with 3D printed bimodal porous structure for water transfer, thermal isolation, and salt ions convection and diffusion. With the unique bionic structure, the 3DP‐BHE achieves a stable evaporation rate of 2.13 kg m−2 h−1 at ≈90.5% energy efficiency under one sun (1 kW m−2). During the 7‐day desalination of 10 wt.% brine, a steady evaporation rate of 1.98 kg m−2 h−1 is maintained with a record‐high cost‐effectiveness (195.3 g h−1 $ −1) manner. This 3DP‐BHE will open significant opportunities for affordable solar desalination systems on multiple scales, from individual households to off‐grid communities. Tree‐inspired, 3D‐printed bionic hydrogel evaporator exhibits a stable evaporation rate of ≈1.98 kg m−2 h−1 during the 7‐days desalination of 10 wt.% NaCl brine under one sun illumination with outstanding cost‐effectiveness (195.3 g h−1 $−1). Sustainable and safe starting materials with scalable preparation methods show great advantages for multiple scales practical applications.

With the improvement in industrial equipment intelligence and reliability requirements, bearing fault diagnosis has become a key technology to ensure the stable operation of mechanical equipment. Traditional bearing fault diagnosis methods are ineffective in diagnosing complex faults and mostly rely on the manual adjustment of hyperparameters. To this end, this paper proposes a domain adversarial migratory learning bearing fault diagnosis model incorporating structural adjustment modules. First, the pre-trained model of the source domain is applied to the target domain dataset through an adversarial domain adaptation technique. Then, the network depth and width are dynamically adjusted in the Optuna optimization framework to accommodate more complex fault types in the target domain. Finally, the performance of the model is further improved by automatically optimizing the hyperparameters. The experimental results show that the model exhibits high accuracy in the diagnosis of different fault types, especially in the face of complex and variable industrial environments, demonstrating strong adaptability and robustness. The method provides an effective solution for fault diagnosis of intelligent devices.

Nanotechnology is revolutionising different areas from manufacturing to therapeutics in the health field. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a promising drug candidate in nanomedicine, have attracted attention due to their excellent and unique mechanical, electronic, and physicochemical properties. This emerging nanomaterial has attracted a wide range of scientific interest in the last decade. Carbon nanotubes have many potential applications in cancer therapy, such as imaging, drug delivery, and combination therapy. Carbon nanotubes can be used as carriers for drug delivery systems by carrying anticancer drugs and enabling targeted release to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects on healthy tissues. In addition, carbon nanotubes can be combined with other therapeutic approaches, such as photothermal and photodynamic therapies, to work synergistically to destroy cancer cells. Carbon nanotubes have great potential as promising nanomaterials in the field of nanomedicine, offering new opportunities and properties for future cancer treatments. In this paper, the main focus is on the application of carbon nanotubes in cancer diagnostics, targeted therapies, and toxicity evaluation of carbon nanotubes at the biological level to ensure the safety and real-life and clinical applications of carbon nanotubes.

There is a significant gap in data regarding the survival time and the factors influencing the survival of people living with HIV (PLWH) undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Henan Province, a region severely impacted by the AIDS epidemic.Investigating survival and influencing factors after ART can provide valuable insights to enhance patient management strategies and improve the prognosis for PLWH.This retrospective cohort study compiled case data and follow-up records of PLWH receiving ART at the Infectious Disease Hospital of Henan Province between 2004 and 2024. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed to identify factors influencing survival outcomes. Among the 4,307 study participants, a total of 251 (5.83%) patients died. The overall cumulative survival rate to the observation endpoint was 80%. The multifactorial Cox proportional risk regression modeling analysis of the primary outcomes showed that patients aged > 60 years at diagnosis of HIV/AIDS (HR = 4.706, 95% CI: 2.175 ~ 10.180), transmission route of heterosexual (HR = 1.403, 95% CI: 1.021 ~ 1.928) and blood transmission (HR = 1.855, 95% CI:1.206 ~ 2.855), patients with CD4 + T cell count < 200cells/µL (HR = 1.636,95% CI: 1.136 ~ 2.354) had a higher risk of death. Our findings highlight the importance of targeted ART management for high-risk populations, such as older individuals, heterosexual or blood-borne transmission and those with low CD4 + T cell count, to further improve survival outcomes and optimize HIV/AIDS treatment strategies.

Abundant high-molecular-mass hyaluronic acid (HMM-HA) contributes to cancer resistance and possibly to the longevity of the longest-lived rodent—the naked mole-rat 1 , 2 . To study whether the benefits of HMM-HA could be transferred to other animal species, we generated a transgenic mouse overexpressing naked mole-rat hyaluronic acid synthase 2 gene (nmr Has2 ). nmr Has2 mice showed an increase in hyaluronan levels in several tissues, and a lower incidence of spontaneous and induced cancer, extended lifespan and improved healthspan. The transcriptome signature of nmr Has2 mice shifted towards that of longer-lived species. The most notable change observed in nmr Has2 mice was attenuated inflammation across multiple tissues. HMM-HA reduced inflammation through several pathways, including a direct immunoregulatory effect on immune cells, protection from oxidative stress and improved gut barrier function during ageing. These beneficial effects were conferred by HMM-HA and were not specific to the nmr Has2 gene. These findings demonstrate that the longevity mechanism that evolved in the naked mole-rat can be exported to other species, and open new paths for using HMM-HA to improve lifespan and healthspan. Mice overexpressing Has2 from the naked mole-rat showed an increase in hyaluronan levels in several tissues, and a lower incidence of spontaneous and induced cancer, attenuated inflammation through several pathways, extended lifespan and improved healthspan.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk among patients with cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). Methods We performed a cohort study of 5754 individuals with CMS from the 2001–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the associations between TyG index and mortality . Non-linear correlations and threshold effects were explored using restricted cubic splines and a two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards model. Results Over a median follow-up of 107 months, 1201 all-cause deaths occurred, including 398 cardiovascular disease-related deaths. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed a positive association between the TyG index and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Each one-unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 16% risk increase in all-cause mortality (HR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.03, 1.31, P  = 0.017) and a 39% risk increase in cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.14, 1.71, P  = 0.001) after adjusting for confounders. The restricted cubic splines revealed a U-shaped association between the TyG index and all-cause ( P for nonlinear < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality ( P for nonlinear = 0.044), identifying threshold values (all-cause mortality: 9.104; cardiovascular mortality: 8.758). A TyG index below these thresholds displayed a negative association with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.38, 0.90, P  = 0.015) but not with cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.39, 95% CI 0.12, 1.27, P  = 0.119). Conversely, a TyG index exceeding these thresholds was positively associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.17, 1.55, P  < 0.001; HR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.25, 1.90, P  < 0.001, respectively). Notably, a higher TyG index (≥ threshold values) was significantly associated with increased mortality only among individuals aged under 55 compared to those with a lower TyG index (< threshold values). Conclusions The TyG index demonstrated a U-shaped correlation with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with CMS. The thresholds of 9.104 and 8.758 for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively, may be used as intervention targets to reduce the risk of premature death and cardiovascular disease.

We previously demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorated experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats. Recently, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) were thought to carry functions of MSCs. In this study, we tested the effect of local administration of human MSC-Exo on established EAU in the same species. Rats with EAU induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein 1177–1191 peptide were treated by periocular injections of increasing doses of MSC-Exo starting at the disease onset for 7 consecutive days. The in vitro effects of MSC-Exo on immune cell migration and responder T cell proliferation were examined by chemotactic assays and lymphocyte proliferation assays, respectively. We found that MSC-Exo greatly reduced the intensity of ongoing EAU as their parent cells by reducing the infiltration of T cell subsets, and other inflammatory cells, in the eyes. Furthermore, the chemoattractive effects of CCL2 and CCL21 on inflammatory cells were inhibited by MSC-Exo. However, no inhibitory effect of MSC-Exo on IRBP-specific T cell proliferation was observed. These results suggest that MSC-Exo effectively ameliorate EAU by inhibiting the migration of inflammatory cells, indicating a potential novel therapy of MSC-Exo for uveitis.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the process of prefabricated construction (PC) and analyze the impacts of rework risk to identify the core tasks for which the rework risk has severe impacts.Design/methodology/approachThe methods consist of a literature review, expert interviews, a questionnaire survey and a rework risk function. The expert interviews and questionnaire survey were administered to experts in the entire process of PC from the dimensions of rework frequency, rework cost and rework time. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data. The rework risk function was based on the loss expectancy method.FindingsThere are 13 core tasks that have higher impacts than the average level. The core tasks in the design stage account for 100% of the tasks in the stage, those in the manufacturing stage account for 20% and those in the construction stage account for 23.1%. Compared with the other stages, the design stage is characterized by significantly more frequent rework, higher rework costs and longer rework time. The manufacturing stage is characterized by significantly higher rework costs than the construction stage. The manufacturing stage and construction stage are co-reliant, and both are impacted by the design stage.Practical implicationsThe findings provide stakeholders with a clear understanding of the core tasks of the PC process and represent a method for identifying core tasks. Stakeholders can learn from this to focus on the core tasks to reduce rework risk and manage the process with the priority of PC rework management based on the following order: design > manufacturing > construction. The approach is suitable for core task identification in other areas.Originality/valueThis research provides insight into rework risk management and provides a novel analysis method for rework risk and PC management from the perspective of the construction process. The findings are valuable for supporting stakeholders in making effective construction plans to reduce the impacts of rework risk in PC and provide a reference for future research on process optimization.

Summary The output of genetic mutant screenings in soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has been limited by its paleopolypoid genome. CRISPR‐Cas9 can generate multiplex mutants in crops with complex genomes. Nevertheless, the transformation efficiency of soya bean remains low and, hence, remains the major obstacle in the application of CRISPR‐Cas9 as a mutant screening tool. Here, we report a pooled CRISPR‐Cas9 platform to generate soya bean multiplex mutagenesis populations. We optimized the key steps in the screening protocol, including vector construction, sgRNA assessment, pooled transformation, sgRNA identification and gene editing verification. We constructed 70 CRISPR‐Cas9 vectors to target 102 candidate genes and their paralogs which were subjected to pooled transformation in 16 batches. A population consisting of 407 T0 lines was obtained containing all sgRNAs at an average mutagenesis frequency of 59.2%, including 35.6% lines carrying multiplex mutations. The mutation frequency in the T1 progeny could be increased further despite obtaining a transgenic chimera. In this population, we characterized gmric1/gmric2 double mutants with increased nodule numbers and gmrdn1‐1/1‐2/1‐3 triple mutant lines with decreased nodulation. Our study provides an advanced strategy for the generation of a targeted multiplex mutant population to overcome the gene redundancy problem in soya bean as well as in other major crops.

Depression, a widespread and highly heritable mental health condition, profoundly affects millions of individuals worldwide. Neuroimaging studies have consistently revealed volumetric abnormalities in subcortical structures associated with depression. However, the genetic underpinnings shared between depression and subcortical volumes remain inadequately understood. Here, we investigate the extent of polygenic overlap using the bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR), leveraging summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association studies for depression ( N  = 674,452) and 14 subcortical volumetric phenotypes ( N  = 33,224). Additionally, we identify shared genomic loci through conditional/conjunctional FDR analyses. MiXeR shows that subcortical volumetric traits share a substantial proportion of genetic variants with depression, with 44 distinct shared loci identified by subsequent conjunctional FDR analysis. These shared loci are predominantly located in intronic regions (58.7%) and non-coding RNA intronic regions (25.4%). The 269 protein-coding genes mapped by these shared loci exhibit specific developmental trajectories, with the expression level of 55 genes linked to both depression and subcortical volumes, and 30 genes linked to cognitive abilities and behavioral symptoms. These findings highlight a shared genetic architecture between depression and subcortical volumetric phenotypes, enriching our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of depression. Depression affects millions of people worldwide. Here, the authors show a substantial polygenic overlap between depression and brain subcortical volumes, identifying 44 shared loci.