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"Zheng, Robert, author"
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The causal interplay between depression and alcohol use from adolescence to young adulthood: a Mendelian randomization study
Depression is often comorbid with alcohol use problems, and sex differences may further complicate this interplay.
We conducted a longitudinal study using a large European adolescent cohort assessed at ages 14 (baseline, BL), 16 (follow-up 1, FU1), 19 (follow-up 2, FU2), and 23 (follow-up 3, FU3). Depression and alcohol use were measured using standardized behavioral scales. Cross-lagged analysis, improved Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, and mediation analysis were conducted to infer the causal interplay.
2110 adolescents were included at baseline (49% male). Depression and alcohol consumption demonstrated a significant positive correlation (
= 0.094,
= 1.58E-05, 95% CI = [0.052, 0.137]), which gradually diminished over time and eventually became significantly negative. Depression and alcohol use problems remained strongly correlated across three timepoints (
> 0.074,
< 6.76E-03). Cross-lagged analysis suggested that depression predicted future alcohol use problems:
= 0.058,
= 0.021, 95% CI = [0.009, 0.108];
= 0.142,
= 8.34E-07, 95% CI = [0.113, 0.263]. MR analyses confirmed this causal interplay (
= 0.043, longitudinal
< 0.001). Interestingly, MR analyses also indicated that alcohol consumption might alleviate depression (
= -0.022, longitudinal
= 0.043), particularly in females at FU3, of which the anxiety status and the personality trait neuroticism largely mediated the effect. These findings were validated in an independent matched sample (N = 562) from Human Connectome Project.
Depression may predict future alcohol use problems, whereas moderate alcohol consumption might alleviate depressive symptoms, especially in females.
Journal Article
Windows Phone 7 Programming for Android and IOS Developers
Learn to develop for the new Windows Phone 7 platform With a special focus placed on the new Windows Phone 7 (WP7) design guidelines and technologies, this reference helps you extend your knowledge so that you can learn to develop for the new WP7 platform. The team of authors presents topic-by-topic comparisons between WP7 and Android and the iPhone, enabling you to learn the differences and similarities between them. This indispensible coverage prepares you for making the transition from programming for Android and the iPhone to programming for the exciting new WP7. Covers the exciting new technology of Windows Phone 7 (WP7) and serves as ideal reference for Android and iPhone developers who are eager to get started programming for the WP7 Zeroes in on the differences between programming for Android and the iPhone, making it much easier for you to learn and practice Offers various real-world programming scenarios to enhance your comprehension Demonstrates how to set up your development environment, create the User Interface, use local data storage, leverage location and maps, and use system services Discusses how to handle security issues Start programming for the WP7 today with this book by your side.
eBook
A brief history of inflation in China
When looking back at the Chinese economy over the last 100 years or so, we can see that, although always fluctuating, there are definite trends in inflation that emerge along with social changes, shifts in the economic system, and major changes in economic policy. This book identifies the causes of inflation throughout China's recent economic history. It explores the reasons behind inflationary changes, and it studies the effective counter-measures used by China's economic rulers. (Series: Economic History in China)
eBook