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"Ziegler, Dieter"
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Business in the age of extremes : essays in modern German and Austrian economic history
\"This collection of essays explores the impact that nationalism, capitalism, and socialism had on economics during the first half of the twentieth century. Focusing on Central Europe, contributors examine the role that businesspeople and enterprises played in Germany's and Austria's paths to the catastrophe of Nazism. Based on new archival research, the essays gathered here ask how the business community became involved in the political process and describes the consequences arising from that involvement. Particular attention is given to the responses of individual businesspeople to changing political circumstances and their efforts to balance the demands of their consciences with the pursuit for profit\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Gastrointestinal endoscopic image style transfer using EndoStyle to improve artificial intelligence prediction models
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in gastrointestinal endoscopy for polyp detection and classification. However, most AI models are trained on images from multiple video processors, whereas clinical environments typically rely on a single processor. We developed EndoStyle, a StarGANv2-based style transfer system trained to mimic the visual characteristics of five different endoscopic processors. On a validation dataset, Fréchet Inception Distance and Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity indicated high visual fidelity and perceptual similarity across processors. Semantic similarity analysis using three foundation models confirmed that converted images were equally consistent with both content and style inputs. In a multicenter study, endoscopists considered real and converted images realistic at comparable rates. When used to augment polyp detection model training, synthetic images significantly improved precision and specificity, reducing false positives by over 40% on two distinct evaluation datasets. EndoStyle thus offers a practical solution for processor-specific AI generalization.
Journal Article
Renal Effects of the Novel Selective Adenosine A1 Receptor Blocker SLV329 in Experimental Liver Cirrhosis in Rats
Liver cirrhosis is often complicated by an impaired renal excretion of water and sodium. Diuretics tend to further deteriorate renal function. It is unknown whether chronic selective adenosine A(1) receptor blockade, via inhibition of the hepatorenal reflex and the tubuloglomerular feedback, might exert diuretic and natriuretic effects without a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate. In healthy animals intravenous treatment with the novel A(1) receptor antagonist SLV329 resulted in a strong dose-dependent diuretic (up to 3.4-fold) and natriuretic (up to 13.5-fold) effect without affecting creatinine clearance. Male Wistar rats with thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis received SLV329, vehicle or furosemide for 12 weeks. The creatinine clearance of cirrhotic animals decreased significantly (-36.5%, p<0.05), especially in those receiving furosemide (-41.9%, p<0.01). SLV329 was able to prevent this decline of creatinine clearance. Mortality was significantly lower in cirrhotic animals treated with SLV329 in comparison to animals treated with furosemide (17% vs. 54%, p<0.05). SLV329 did not relevantly influence the degree of liver fibrosis, kidney histology or expression of hepatic or renal adenosine receptors. In conclusion, chronic treatment with SLV329 prevented the decrease of creatinine clearance in a rat model of liver cirrhosis. Further studies will have to establish whether adenosine A(1) receptor antagonists are clinically beneficial at different stages of liver cirrhosis.
Journal Article
Dekolonisierungsgewinner
Im Zeitalter des Kalten Krieges und der Dekolonisierung wurden die Außenwirtschaftsbeziehungen beider deutscher Staaten vor allem durch politisch-strategische Ziele beeinflusst.Die Entstehung zweier Wirtschafts- und Militärblöcke seit Ende der 1940er Jahre wirkte sich auch auf die Außenwirtschaftsbeziehungen der Bundesrepublik und die DDR aus.
eBook
Renal Effects of the Novel Selective Adenosine A.sub.1 Receptor Blocker SLV329 in Experimental Liver Cirrhosis in Rats
Liver cirrhosis is often complicated by an impaired renal excretion of water and sodium. Diuretics tend to further deteriorate renal function. It is unknown whether chronic selective adenosine A.sub.1 receptor blockade, via inhibition of the hepatorenal reflex and the tubuloglomerular feedback, might exert diuretic and natriuretic effects without a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate. In healthy animals intravenous treatment with the novel A.sub.1 receptor antagonist SLV329 resulted in a strong dose-dependent diuretic (up to 3.4-fold) and natriuretic (up to 13.5-fold) effect without affecting creatinine clearance. Male Wistar rats with thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis received SLV329, vehicle or furosemide for 12 weeks. The creatinine clearance of cirrhotic animals decreased significantly (-36.5%, p<0.05), especially in those receiving furosemide (-41.9%, p<0.01). SLV329 was able to prevent this decline of creatinine clearance. Mortality was significantly lower in cirrhotic animals treated with SLV329 in comparison to animals treated with furosemide (17% vs. 54%, p<0.05). SLV329 did not relevantly influence the degree of liver fibrosis, kidney histology or expression of hepatic or renal adenosine receptors. In conclusion, chronic treatment with SLV329 prevented the decrease of creatinine clearance in a rat model of liver cirrhosis. Further studies will have to establish whether adenosine A.sub.1 receptor antagonists are clinically beneficial at different stages of liver cirrhosis.
Journal Article
German Private Banks and German Industry, 1830–1938
If the old Gerschenkronian hypothesis that the German banks were of indispensable
importance for mobilizing the capital needed for an industrialization process that
was based on a much more capital-intensive leading-sector complex than that of
the industrial pioneers is right,1 then it is not the universal bank that deserves the
praise but the private banker.
Book Chapter
Die Aufsichtsräte der deutschen Aktiengesellschaften in den zwanziger Jahren. Eine empirische Untersuchung zum Problem der «Bankenmacht»
Bank representatives sitting on supervisory boards of German non-bank corporations are often seen as a proof of the banks' dominance over industry. This article examines the composition of German supervisory boards in 1927, that is, before restrictions on the composition of boards were imposed. The study is based on a data bank consisting of all German joint stock companies with a shareholders' capital of not less than nom. 500,000 RM.From this basis six company samples are made up, representing < old> as well as < new> and more as well as less capital intensive industries. Although the number of bank representatives is indeed very large both in the aggregate and in all company samples — on average one out of three seats is occupied by bankers -it is argued that this must not be interpreted as an empirical proof of the bank dominance thesis.Instead, since in only very few cases only one bank was represented, the large number of competing banks on the boards is seen as evidence that the management of the majority of non-bank enterprises were able to secure injections of funds in case of need without damaging their entrepreneurial autonomy.
Journal Article