Explore the vast range of titles available.

E-cigarettes have generated controversy in the tobacco control field similar to that of Swedish snus, which came to the U.S. market six years earlier. Some argue that e-cigarettes have great potential to help smokers quit regular cigarettes while others contend they should be banned for lack of safety and efficacy data. This study examined population data from the U.S. A U.S. population survey with a national probability sample (N=10,041) was conducted (February 24 to March 8, 2012, before any major paid advertisement of e-cigarettes appeared on television). Survey respondents were asked if they had heard about e-cigarettes, where they had heard about them, whether they had used e-cigarettes or snus, how often they used them, and why they used them. Responses were weighted to represent the entire U.S. population. A high proportion, 75.4%, reported having heard about e-cigarettes. Television ranked as the number one source of information, followed by \"in-person conversation\" and \"Internet.\" About 8.1% had tried e-cigarettes, and 1.4% were current users. These rates were twice those of snus (4.3% and 0.8%, respectively). Among current smokers, 32.2% had tried e-cigarettes, and 6.3% were current users. Over 80% of current e-cigarette users were non-daily users. Women were significantly more likely to have tried e-cigarettes than men. Those who had tried e-cigarettes were more likely than those who tried snus to report their products being safer than regular cigarettes (49.9% vs. 10.8%). Almost half (49.5%) of current smokers were susceptible to using e-cigarettes in the future. That e-cigarettes have surpassed snus in adoption rate, even before any promotion by major tobacco companies, suggests that the former have tapped into smokers' intuitive preference for potentially harm-reducing products, probably due to the product design. E-cigarette use is likely to increase in the next few years.

Smoking continues to be a major public health problem, despite a substantial decline in prevalence rates over the last decades. Quit smoking interventions typically target smokers, whether through individual or group treatment or through broader public health campaigns. Yet, nonsmokers represent a vast and largely untapped resource to help smokers quit. This article describes an innovative approach that targeted nonsmokers through a media-style campaign with repeated reminders about smoking cessation. We tested the nonsmoker intervention in a large randomized trial and showed it to be effective in helping smokers quit. Components of the intervention included repeated mailings with relevant cessation messages over a 10-week period, 2 brief check-in telephone calls, and access to a study Web site. In this article, we discuss details of the intervention development, content, and implementation.

Background E-cigarettes have generated controversy in the tobacco control field similar to that of Swedish snus, which came to the U.S. market six years earlier. Some argue that e-cigarettes have great potential to help smokers quit regular cigarettes while others contend they should be banned for lack of safety and efficacy data. This study examined population data from the U.S. Methods A U.S. population survey with a national probability sample (N=10,041) was conducted (February 24 to March 8, 2012, before any major paid advertisement of e-cigarettes appeared on television). Survey respondents were asked if they had heard about e-cigarettes, where they had heard about them, whether they had used e-cigarettes or snus, how often they used them, and why they used them. Responses were weighted to represent the entire U.S. population. Findings A high proportion, 75.4%, reported having heard about e-cigarettes. Television ranked as the number one source of information, followed by \"in-person conversation\" and \"Internet.\" About 8.1% had tried e-cigarettes, and 1.4% were current users. These rates were twice those of snus (4.3% and 0.8%, respectively). Among current smokers, 32.2% had tried e-cigarettes, and 6.3% were current users. Over 80% of current e-cigarette users were non-daily users. Women were significantly more likely to have tried e-cigarettes than men. Those who had tried e-cigarettes were more likely than those who tried snus to report their products being safer than regular cigarettes (49.9% vs. 10.8%). Almost half (49.5%) of current smokers were susceptible to using e-cigarettes in the future. Conclusions That e-cigarettes have surpassed snus in adoption rate, even before any promotion by major tobacco companies, suggests that the former have tapped into smokers' intuitive preference for potentially harm-reducing products, probably due to the product design. E-cigarette use is likely to increase in the next few years.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a school-based smokeless tobacco (ST) and cigarette smoking prevention/cessation program. This multicomponent intervention program was delivered by regular classroom teachers or same age peer leaders, and was presented to intact classrooms in randomly assigned schools. The program emphasized refusal skills training. A total of 2552 students in 13 middle schools and nine high schools began the study and 1768 were assessed at 1-year follow-up. The intervention had a beneficial effect of reducing ST use among males, especially at the middle school level. Analyses failed to reveal a positive intervention effect on cigarette smoking. Attrition analyses revealed few problems with internal validity, but strong and consistent differences between subjects available for follow-up assessment and those not assessed. These results provide limited support for the efficacy of the ST intervention program, but also suggest the need for different types of intervention programs capable of impacting a larger percentage of high risk adolescents.

Although language and SES factors have been shown to affect performance on IQ tests, the prevalence of racial and sexual misrepresentation in items has not been examined. Therefore, criteria were developed to assess sexual and racial item content bias. Each reference to sex and/or race was tabulated for every item from six IQ tests. Each reference was also judged as either stereotyped or not stereotyped. This analysis pointed out an overwhelming sexual and racial imbalance in item content. It was felt that the current inequities should either be justified or corrected.