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This study was designed to study the capacitation of caudal spermatozoa in vitro by different levels of heparin, estrogen for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the Iraqi local sheep. Results of sperm capcitation (massive motility percentage) by applying three levels of heparin (50, 100, 150) IU in relation to breeding season showed no significant differences during breeding season with the three levels, which were (82.23 ± 0.58), While results by applying the higher level of heparin (150) IU out of breeding season showed significantly (P<0.05) more and active motility Which were (62.07 ± 0.62) than the other levels (56.85 ± 0.61). At the same time applications result of three estrogen levels (20, 40, 60) mg on sperm capcitation showed Positive relationship between concentrations and (massive motility percentage), which showed the highest concentration gave the best results during and out of breeding season (87.20 ± 0.60) and (65.86 ± 0.62) respectively. with significant differences (P<0.05) between the three levels. While the results of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) index which reflected the sperm capcitation were recorded with the highest estrogen concentration during breeding season (22.70 %) compared with the best heparin level (20 %) while she was (10.45 %), (8.70 %) out of breeding season Sequentially, in which the highest estrogen concentration gives a best capacitation and IVF index level compared with the high heparin level over the year.

Background: Rutin (quercetin-3-rhamnosyl-glucoside), a flavonoid, is derived from plants and has antioxidant properties. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of rutin on mouse ovary heterotopic allotransplantation. Methods: The present animal experimental study was conducted on 40 female adult Balb/c mice weighing 30±5 g at the Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, during 2016 - 2018. The mice were divided by permuted block randomization into 8 groups (n = 5): OVX (ovariectomy), as the negative control; normal (positive control); OVX + OVA (ovariectomy and transplantation) (control), treated with 0.5 mL of normal saline; OVX + OVA + 10 mg/kg of rutin; OVX + OVA + 30 mg/kg of rutin; OVX + OVA + 60 mg/kg of rutin; OVX + OVA + 100 mg/kg of rutin; and the autograft. Groups were treated daily. Fourteen days after transplantation, ovarian grafts were collected and processed histologically for follicle number counting. Serum estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were evaluated. Furthermore, the expression of Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα), Estrogen Receptor beta (ERβ), and Progesterone Receptor (PR) in the uterine endometrial tissue was tested using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results: A decrease in the number of mature follicles and increase in the number of atretic follicles (mean ± SD: OVX + OVA + 30 = 19.00± 1.000, OVX + OVA + 60 = 25.00± 5.000, and OVX + OVA + 100 = 23.00 ± 2.646) were observed in all groups treated with rutin in comparison with the control group (mean ± SD: 12.33 ± 2.517) (P value < 0.05). The level of E2 and P4 (mean ± SD: OVX + OVA + 100 = 6.133 ± 1.026) increased in comparison with the OVX + OVA group (mean ± SD: 0.4667 ± 0.2517) (P value < 0.05). The protein expression of ERα (mean ± SD: OVX + OVA + 10 = 1.615 ± 0.1701 and OVX + OVA + 30 = 1.744 ± 0.1779) in comparison with the control group (mean ± SD: 0.7089 ± 0.1131), and ERβ (mean ± SD: OVX + OVA + 10 = 0.7747 ± 0.4365, OVX + OVA + 30 = 0.9220 ± 0.1245, OVX + OVA + 60 = 0.7701 ± 0.2150, and OVX + OVA + 100 = 0.6676 ± 0.1547) increased in a dose-dependent manner in all groups treated with rutin in comparison with the OVX + OVA group (mean ± SD: 0.1534 ± 0.06109) (P value < 0.05). No significant changes in PR were found in groups treated with rutin in comparison with the control group. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that rutin increases E2 and P4 levels in ovarian hetero allograft mice. Rutin also upregulated the expression of ERα and ERβ but had no significant effect on PR.

Objective The objective of this paper is to evaluate the role of prolactin and estrogen levels on disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients and methods This study included 60 female patients with SLE, with a mean age of 33.5±13.12 years. It was conducted between November 2014 and October 2015. Disease activity was defined according to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity Index; score of at least 6 was considered as an active disease. Prolactin (PRL) and estrogen levels and other serological markers of lupus disease activity, namely, complement 3,4 (C3 and C4), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) titer were calculated. Results Hyperprolactinemia was present in 25.0% of patients, and low estrogen level was present in 33.3% of patients. There was no significant correlation between either of estrogen or prolactin levels and all clinical and laboratory features, except for a significant positive correlation between anti-dsDNA and hyperprolactinemia. Conclusion There was no significant correlation between either of PRL or estrogen levels and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity Index score. Overall, 80.0% of patients with hyperprolactinemia and 80.0% with low estrogen level had SLE activity. There was a significant difference in the frequency of further indicators of disease activity in SLE such as raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, raised C-reactive protein, or decrease in complement factors with high serum PRL and low estrogen level.

This study was designed to determine the effect of basil powder and oil on postmenopausal female rats. The study was carried out on thirty female albino rats were classified into six groups. The first group (5 young rats) aged between 7 to 9 weeks, weight from 80 to 95 g kept as control negative fed basal diet only. The others 25 rats aged between 19 to 21 weeks, weight from 200 to 205 g were classified into five groups (5 rats) each, as following: Group 2 (+ve), Groups (3 and 4) treated with basil powder (5 and 10% of diet), Group (5 and 6) treated with basil oil (0.5 and 1 ml/kg b.w) orally by stomach tube respectively, daily for 8 weeks. The results indicated that all treating animals showed highest significantly in BWG, FI, FER, HDL-c, BMD, BMC, Ca, ionized Ca, P, estrogen, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphates while showed lowest significantly in the TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C as compared to the control positive group. As a result, the best values of these variables appeared in basil powder (10%) and basil oil (1.0 ml) compared with other treated groups, therefore were used during preparation of biscuit. The results of chemical composition revealed that biscuit with basil powder had the highest values of protein, ash and crude fiber in comparing with control biscuits, On the other hand the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were that of the biscuits with basil oil then powder, biscuits with basil oil and powder showed lower amounts of peroxide and TBA value after 30 days storage period at degree room temperature in comparing with control biscuit. The results of physical properties indicated that biscuits with basil powder has the maximum spread ratio, while the scores of the sensory evaluation revealed that biscuit with basil oil showed higher values of color and flavour in comparing with control biscuit. Therefore, basil powder and oil is recommended for nutritional and healthy advantages for female who suffer from postmenopausal symptoms.

Background: Premenstrual asthma (PMA) is a variant of asthma in women that causes symptoms to intensify a few days before menstruation. Up to 40% of women with asthma, according to estimates, are impacted. Increased bronchial hyperreactivity owing to unstable equilibrium calcium levels in intracellular cytoplasm has been proposed as one of the most important background causes for asthma aggravation during the perimenstrual period. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if there was a relation between dietary calcium intake and the severity of PMA. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on seventy asthmatic students recruited from the Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), were divided into three groups mild, moderate, and severe based on the severity of menstrual syndrome and asthma, also there is negative control group (NCG). Dietary calcium intake was assessed based on FFQ questionnaire and analyzed through the \"EISHA software\". Anthropometric measurements, pulmonary function, serum calcium and estrogen hormone were analyzed. Results: Serum calcium was cut down ranged between 7.87±3.24 and 5.33±0.39 mg/d respectively in moderate and severe groups which had the lowest concentrate of estrogen hormone at 28.49±12.70 and 26.73±6.50 pg/mL, respectively. Also, dietary calcium was decreased significantly (P-value ≤ 0.001) among asthmatic students who suffered from 1 to 4 times attacks per month. There is a positive correlation between estrogen hormone and serum Ca at (P-value ≤ 0.05). Also, dietary calcium was correlated significantly at (P-value ≤ 0.05) with estrogen hormone and pulmonary functions, including FVC and FEV1. Conclusion: this study declared a positive relationship between dietary calcium consumption, estrogen hormone, and pulmonary functions, which concluded that calcium homeostasis is a fundamental mechanism for relieving the severity of PMA.

Estrogen hormone regulates the growth, differentiation, and function of many target tissues, containing the breast, uterus, vagina, ovary, testis, epididymis, and prostate. The biological effect of estrogen such as stimulation of growth and differentiation of normal mammary tissue was mediated primarily by high affinity of binding to estrogen receptor. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are nuclear receptor proteins which have an estrogen binding domain and a DNA binding domain. The relationship of genetic polymorphisms (SNP) in the ER1 (alpha) gene and the risk of diseases, that contain breast cancer, that the subject of increasing interest. However, the presence of Singe Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in estrogen receptors could alter the effect of the anti-estrogen drugs resulting in breast tumor progression. In this study, part of intron 1 and exon 2 of the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene analyzed for the presence of SNPs. Blood from breast cancer patients who were chosen according to an evaluation on the ESRs. The PCR was done on the chosen samples followed by sequencing analysis. The obtained results have reviled that no SNPs were detected in all samples. It concluded that studying and analyzing SNPs in the ESRs gene would give us a better understanding of proliferation of breast cancer status and also would have a benefit in controlling progression and treatment of breast cancer.