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Searching for effective, low cost and less side effect containing herbal hypoglycemic agents is important therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of olive leaves and stevia leaves of alcoholic extracts on diabetic rats. A total of thirty six male healthy rats, weighing (201±1.5g) were classified in to 2 main groups of extraction of olive leaves and stevia leaves each group was classified into 2 subgroup (levels of each type of extract at 0.2 and 0.5 %); in addition to the control negative (-ve) and the control positive (+ve) groups. The rats were divided into six groups: Group (1), the control negative (-ve) was fed on the basal diet. Group (2), the control positive (+ve) (diabetic rats) was fed on the basal diet. Groups (3 and 4) are diabetic rats fed on the basal diet containing olive leaves extract at 0.2 and 0.5 % respectively. Groups (5 and 6) are diabetic rats groups fed on the basal diet containing stevia leaves extract at 0.2 and 0.5 % respectively. At the end of the experimental period (6 weeks), rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to obtain serum. The results indicated that, STZ treated rats showed significant increase in glucose levels compared to normal rats. Supplementation with different levels of olive leaves and stevia leaves in the diet caused significant decrease (P<0.05) in the concentration of glucose level compared to the positive control one. It was also observed that the concentration of serum lipid profile, liver functions and kidney functions were significantly improved for all tested groups, compared to the positive control group. In conclusions, diet supplemented olive leaves and stevia leaves caused an improvement of the biochemical results from diabetes, therefore olive leaves and stevia leaves could be used as a suitable supplementation therapy for diabetic patients.

The present study was conducted to evaluate physicochemical, rheological, microbiological, antioxidant and sensory properties of probiotic fermented camel milk made from camel milk mixed with Oat milk. Fermented camel milk was made from camel milk served as a control, and the other treatments were made from camel milk after mixing with 25 and 50 % Oat milk. Results revealed that mixing of camel's milk with Oat milk were more effective in increasing the total solids, protein, ash, fiber, acidity, viscosity, phenolic content and antioxidant activity and these increments were proportional to the mixing ratio. Fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk had the highest scores for sensory properties compared to other fermented camel milk treatments. This blend (fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk) was evaluated as hypoglycaemic agent streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In this respect, twenty four male adult albino rats of Sprague Dawely strain weighing 150- 185 g were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group (1) non-treated non- diabetic rats (negative control). Group (2) diabetic rats (received Streptozotocin (STZ), 60 mg/Kg BW) (positive control).Group (3) diabetic rats fed on basal diet with fermented camel milk (10g/day) by epi gastric tube. Group (4) diabetic rats fed on basal diet with fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk (10g/day) by epi gastric tube. The treatment of diabetic rats with fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk showed a significant decreases (p < 0.001) in levels of blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol (CL), triglyceride (TG), AST, ALT, ALP, creatinin and urea and increased (p < 0.001) high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total protein and albumin in comparison to diabetic rats. Consumption of fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk in diabetic rat groups caused significant improvement in all these factors, compared to the positive control group (untreated diabetic rats). Also in this study, for the first time, we demonstrated that administration of fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk in diabetic rats resulted in enhanced of blood complications compared to the untreated diabetic group, indicating that fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk can play a preventive role in such patients.

This study aims to investigate the relationship of vitamin D deficiency and some other biochemical parameters (C-peptide, Alanine transaminase ALT, Aspartate transaminase AST, Alkaline phosphatase ALP and C-reactive protein CRP) levels in obese and diabetic women. The whole sample included 60 women aged 30 - 40 years, divided to three groups (20 women / group) as control, obesity and diabetes groups (the participants in obesity and diabetes groups were diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency). Results revealed: C-peptide increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in obesity group and not significantly in diabetes group in comparison with the control, ALT increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in different groups in comparison with the control, AST increased not significantly in different groups in comparison with control, ALP increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in diabetes group and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in obesity group in comparison with the control, CRP increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in different groups in comparison with the control. The physiological impacts of these results be discussed according to the impact of vitamin D deficiency that associated with different metabolic and inflammatory disturbances, leading to diverse detrimental influence on the biochemical profiles of the studied groups.

يعد مرض السكر مشكلة صحية مزمنة وعالمية. حيث تهدف هذه الدراسة لاختيار أفضل نموذج إحصائي للعوامل المؤثرة على مرض السكر في قطاع غزة (فلسطين)، من خلال المقارنة بين الشبكات العصبية، ونموذج الانحدار اللوجستي على بيانات حقيقية للمراجعين على عيادات الصحة. وفي هذه الدراسة أجريت مقارنة بين النماذج الإحصائية باستخدام أربعة أساليب مختلفة (Cross- validation with half of the observations, Leave-One-Out Cross-validation ROC curve Bootstrapping) للوصول إلى أفضل نموذج للبيانات من خلال تقدير الدقة ومعدل الخطأ لكل نموذج. وقد بينت نتائج هذه المقارنات أن الشبكات العصبية الاصطناعية هي الأفضل من حيث الدقة ومعدل الخطأ، حيث بلغت درجة الدقة 93.1% ومعدل الخطأ 6.9%. وهذا يعود إلى أن الشبكات العصبية تقدم أفضل نموذج يقترب من البيانات المتاحة.

The use of date palm pollen as an adjutant form of medical treatment is gaining popularity all over the world. This study was performed to investigate the effects of date palm pollen on diabetic male rat's fertility. A total of twenty four rats divided into four groups were used in this study. Varying doses of the date palm pollen 5, 10 and 20% were used. Parameters used in the methodology were weight of testis, malonildiahidehyde concentration, histological study, hormonal assay and sperm analysis. Results of date palm pollen revealed no significant change in weight of testis, inhibition of testicular tissue peroxidation, improve testosterone levels, parameters of sperm analysis such as sperm concentration and motility in comparison to the control group. Obvious cellular changes were also observed in the high level 20% treated groups. The changes observed in groups treated with 10% and 5% were minimal and statistically in significant. The results showed that oral administration of date palm pollen to male rats for 65 days kept the weight of testes and seminal vesicles; improved semen quality and quantity and testosterone levels in the opposite of the results of the level 20% of the pollen. So, this study recommends that intake of 5 and 10% of date palm pollen extracts powder may be beneficial for diabetic male patients who suffer from infertility as these enhance male fertility in rats also more studies on human recommended.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a state in which homeostasis of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is improperly regulated by insulin. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of brown algae (Sargassum subrepandum) powder (BAP) on DM and is complications (hyperlipidemia and immune disturbances) induced by alloxan in rats.Thirty six rats were divided into two main groups, the first group (Group 1, 6 rats) still fed on basal diet (BD) and the second main group (30 rats) was with alloxan then classified into five sub groups as follow: group (2), fed on BD as a model control, and groups (3, 4, 5 and 6) fed on BD containing 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 % BAP, respectively. At the end of the experiment (4 weeks), treatment of rats with alloxan, model control group, induced a significant (p≤0.01) increasing in serum glucose concentration by the ratio 165.38% compared to normal control group. Dietary intervention with BAP (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10%) in rats for 28 days led to significantly (p≤0.05) decreasing the levels of serum glucose which recorded 155.71, 137.08, 108.64 and 91.14% compared to the normal control group, respectively. The rate of decreasing in serum glucose was exhibited a dose- dependent increase with the levels of BAP intervention. Also, BAE was effective in protecting against DM complications including serum lipid profile (TG, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c and VLDL-c) and serum immunological parameters (Alb and TNF-α). Therefore, we recommended like of that algae powder by a concentrations up to 10% to be included in our daily diets, drinks and food supplementation.

مرض السكر من الأمراض المزمنة التي تستمر مع الفرد على مدى حياته ويعد مشكلة صحية مزمنة وعالمية. ويمتلك قطاع الصحة الفلسطيني كمية هائلة من البيانات، ولكن للأسف لم يتم تحليل معظمها لمعرفة المعلومات الخفية في البيانات لذلك يمكننا استخدام تقنيات التنقيب عن البيانات لاكتشاف الأنماط الخفية في البيانات. لتطوير نماذج ملائمة تكون مفيدة للممارسين الطبيين لاتخاذ قرارات فعالة. وتهدف هذه الدراسة لاختيار أفضل نموذج إحصائي للعوامل المؤثرة على مرض السكر في قطاع غزة (فلسطين)، من خلال المقارنة بين التحليل التمييزي واله المتجه الداعم على بيانات للمراجعين على عيادات الصحة. وفي هذه الدراسة أجريت مقارنة بين النماذج الإحصائية باستخدام أربعة أساليب مختلفة(Cross- validation with half of Bootstrapping the observations, leave-one-out cross-validation ROC curve) للوصول إلى أكثر نموذج ملائم للبيانات من خلال تقدير الدقة ومعدل الخطأ لكل نموذج. وقد بينت نتائج هذه المقارنات أن آلة المتجه الداعم هي الأفضل من حيث الدقة ومعدل الخطأ، حيث بلغت درجة الدقة 93.1% ومعدل الخطأ 6.9%.

Background: Patients with diabetes often have coexisting chronic health conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, depression, and chronic kidney disease. Drug interactions are a daily challenge for physicians and screening all drug interactions in the prescriptions has become very cumbersome and virtually impossible. The aim and objective of our study is to estimate the prevalence of Drug Drug Interactions (DDIs) in diabetic patients and raise awareness among physicians to prevent the occurrence of some clinical adverse events. Method: This is a cross sectional observational retrospective study design conducted on diabetic patients admitted to Seiyun Hospital over 2 months from December 2023 to Feburary 2024. Results: This study found that approximately two-thirds of patients were prescribed more than six medications. Most prescriptions that were prescribed for diabetic patients have at least one or more Drug-Drug Interactions per prescription. We note that most of the antidiabetic agents that cause drug interactions with other medications were moderate and minor interactions; only six interactions of major type were observed with quinolone antibiotics. Conclusions: This study found that the incidence of drug interactions in diabetic patients was very high. Therefore, the best way to avoid the occurrence of such drug interactions is to have a specialized pharmacist examine the total medication chart for each patient individually.

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على السلوك الصحي الاجتماعي، للمرضى المصابين بداء السكري المزمن في المركز السكري لمدينة اللاذقية، إذ تكونت عينة البحث من (10) أشخاص من المرضى المصابين بداء السكري، وقد تم اعتماد المقابلة كوسيلة لجمع المعلومات، حيث تم استخدم المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لدراسة ووصف الظاهرة، وقد توصلت الباحثة من خلالها إلى جملة النتائج الآتية: وجود فروق في السلوك الصحي الاجتماعي للمرضى المصابين بداء السكري المزمن تبعا لمتغيرات العمر، والجنس، ومكان الإقامة.

Jerusalem artichoke is an untraditional vegetable crop that offers many health benefits to the human body. Therefore, the present study was carried out to estimate the effect of different ratios of Jerusalem artichoke powder on diabetic rats. Male albino rats (25 rats) weighting 160 ± 10 g used in this study. The rats divided into two main groups. The first main group (5 rats) fed on a basal diet (as a negative control group). While the second main group (20 rats) was diabetic induced by a single intraperitoneal injection from alloxan (150 mg/ kg b.w.) then divided into four subgroups. One of them fed on a basal diet as the positive control group and the other groups fed on a basal diet containing 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % of Jerusalem artichoke powder for 28 days. The result of sensory evaluation for pan bread fortified with 10 % Jerusalem artichoke powder was the best, this level showed non-significant changes, as compared with control pan bread. On the other hand, feeding rats with diets containing Jerusalem artichoke powder led to a marked improvement in all biochemical and biological parameters. The best results have recorded for the group treated with 20 % JAT. Additionally, histopathological examination of the pancreas showed that the adding of Jerusalem artichoke tubers to the diets of diabetic rats improved the pancreatic tissue. Therefore, we recommended the use of the Jerusalem artichoke plant in the different food applications.