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This study was conducted to find out the potential effect of Sonchus oleraceus on biological, biochemical, and histological changes of hypercholesterolemic rats induced by high fat diets. Therefore, Thirty-two Adult male albino rats Sprague Dawley strains, weighing 102±1.85 gm were used, and were divided into two groups; the first group (8 rats) fed on basal diet throughout the experimental periods (16 weeks) and served as a negative control group (G1). The second group was fed a high fat diet containing cholesterol, then this group (n=24 rats) was divided into three subgroups (8 rats per each) as follows: The first subgroup continued to be fed on hypercholesterolemic diet (G2), The second subgroup fed on hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with Sonchus Oleraceus 5 % (G3). The third subgroup fed on hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 10% Sonchus oleraceus (G4). The results revealed that hypercholesterolemic diet rat groups showed a significant increase in body weight from positive control (G2). Also increase significantly levels of lipid profile, liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and cholesterol, except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) compared to negative control grope (G1). When feeding rats with a high hypercholesterolemic diet containing Sonchus oleraceus occur significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in body weight, liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), kidney function and level of lipid profile (TC, TG, T. Lipid and LDL) and increase in the level of HDL. These results were confirmed with histopathological examination of liver, kidney, heart and brain. Therefore, we recommend using Sonchus oleraceus in moderate amount in our daily diets to benefit from its health benefits.

Hypercholesterolemia is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, thus, this current study held to explore the positive effects of kumquat and Limon (peel and whole) adiposity and biochemical parameters in rats with hypercholesterolemia, as well as assessed the sensory properties of baked cookies containing 5% doses of kumquat and lemon(both peel and whole) . Thirty male albino rats were administered a basal diet as (control negative -ve) group of 5 rats each ; group (2) administered on hypercholesterolemic diet and the remaining groups(3th, 4th, 5th, 6th) administered diet containing 5% kumquat and5% lemon (both peel and whole) with hypercholesterolemic diet for four weeks. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, HDL/ LDL ,Moreover, ALT, AST, creatinine and uric acid were significantly decreased in groups supplemented with kumquat and Limon (peel and whole) at 5% . Therefore, kumquat and Limon may consist of a valid strategy of phenolic compound which can be used in controlling hypercholesterolemia and its harmful consequences and enhance renal function in hypercholesterolemic rats. Also, sensory evaluation results revealed that cookies prepared with kumquat and Limon (peel and whole) at 5% were accepted by panelists with different ratings.

A significant risk factor for cardiovascular illnesses is hypercholesterolemia. In traditional medicine, seeds like celery, coriander, and purslane are well-known for their medicinal properties. This research sought to determine how celery, coriander, and purslane affected hypercholesterolemic rats. 42 male albino rats were divided into seven groups with six animals each for 60 days: negative control fed on a basal diet, positive control hypercholesterolemic rats were fed on a basal diet +1% cholesterol. Four group fed as positive control with 20% of celery, coriander, purslane and mixture of seeds. The last group demonstration oral drug rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day). The present study showed that hypercholesterolemia caused significantly increases in body weight gain, food intake and FER as well as total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-c), total lipid, phospholipid, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin and MDA and decrease in and high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), GSH and SOD in positive control. Supplemented diet of hypercholesterolemic rats with seeds, especially (20% mixture of seeds) lead to significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight gain, food intake and FER as well as total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-c), total lipid, phospholipid, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin and MDA and significant increase of HDL, GSH and SOD comparing with negative control. Our findings suggested that the supplementation diet with celery, coriander and purslane seeds caused obvious reduction in lipid levels in a hypercholesterolemia disease which prevent from the development the cardiovascular diseases.

This study was performed to assess the Protective effect of Echinacea (EP), Rosemary (RP) and Dandelion (DP) powder on body weight, blood glucose (BG), insulin, immune status, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and kidney function parameters as well as on activities of renal tissue antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats. sixty three mature Sprague Dawley male rats were randomized into 6 main groups (n= 7) they are divided into sub-groups. Group (1) was used as a negative control and fed on basal diet, while the remaining 5 groups were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg). After induction of diabetes, group (2) was kept positive control, while groups (3), (4) ,(5) and (6) were divided into group A, B were fed on diet supplemented with 5% , 10% EP; RP; DP and 5% from ( EP+RP+DP) respectively for 10 weeks. Blood samples were collected for estimation of differential leucocytic count and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in kidney tissues. Insulin, TC and TG levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid and creatinine (Cr) serum levels were also determined. The results showed that diet supplementation with EP, RP and DP significantly increased body weight and improved feed efficiency ratio of diabetic rats. Diet supplementation with EP, RP and DP decreased the number of lymphocytes, production of TNF-α and cytokines IL4 and IL8; normalized BG, insulin, TC and TG and BUN and Cr levels. There were enhanced the activity of SOD, GPx and CAT enzymes in renal tissues of diabetic rats. In conclusion, diet supplementation with EP, RP and DP has immunostimulant, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, nephroprotective andantioxidant activities in diabetic rats. Therefore, intake of extract of EP, RP and DP may be beneficial for patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus.

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors that precipitate coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. Abnormal lipid metabolism is a main cause of dyslipidemia, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, obesity, cholestasis, and overall mortality. It is well known that diet plays an important role in the control of cholesterol homeostasis. Many studies reported that flaxseed may have protective effect against diseases like cardiovascular diseases CVD, reducing the risk of cancers, reducing the incident and progress of diabetes .High omega 6/omega-3 ratio intake promotes development of many chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammatory and autoimoune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed and flaxseed oil against high cholesterol diet induced hypercholesterolemia in rats by adjusting ω6 : ω3 ratio (2.5:1),. Also, to determine whether flaxseed or flaxseed oil when administered to hypercholesterolemic induced-rats beneficial for treatment of hypercholesterolemia complications. Animals (40 rats) were divided randomly into 4 equal groups. G1 fed on basal diet (NC), G2 fed on HFD only (PC). G3 and G4 fed on HFD with adjust ω6 : ω3 ratio (2.5:1) by either flaxseed oil (FSO) or flaxseed (FS) . Blood samples were collected every 3 weeks for lipid parameters monitoring (serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) .high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) whereas low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was calculated. All samples (heart, kidney, spleen, lungs and brain, and liver) of each animal were weighted. Liver and kidney were kept in formalin solution (10%) for the histopathological investigation. Results showed that ω6 : ω3 ratio was 1:3.8 in FS and 1:4.2 in FSO, while such ratio was 10:1 in grease . The results showed that adjusting ω6 : ω3 ratio by FS or FSO led to significant high decrease of plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and to increase in HDL after 6 weeks . Results also indicated that the balance ratio of ω6 : ω3 led to decrease in weight of rats as such ratio is important for health and in the prevention and management of obesity. Histopathology examination of the organs tissue was in parallel with the biochemical results, as liver weight was higher in PC with a marked deterioration in liver tissue while treated groups showed alleviated histopathological alterations. Moreover, kidney tissues in treated group showed apparently normal glomeruli and tubular epithelium, similar to the negative control group. These results suggest that, flaxseed oil may be effective in controlling cholesterolemic status and improving dyslipidemia and has the potential in reducing cardiovascular complications due to hypercholesterolemia.

The resurgence of food-related chronic diseases has become a public health problem. The main target of the present research was to investigate the utilize of germinated fenugreek seeds (GFS) and stabilized rice bran (SRB) as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds to prepare functional bread (FB) for lowering blood lipids in hypercholesterolemia rats. FB was formulated by wheat flour (WF), GFS and SRB by the ratio of 100:0:0 (B1), 90:10:0 (B2), 80:10:10 (B3), 75:10:15 (B4) and 70:10:20 (B5), respectively. FB was examined for chemical, sensory and antioxidant characteristics. Effect of FB on growth, biochemical parameters and histological examination of the liver of hypercholesterolemia rats were also evaluated. SRB was an excellent source of fiber (14.00%) and fat (16.92%), while GFS were rich in protein (32.80%) and fiber (10.80%). GFS and SRB had significant levels of total phenolic (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant activity (AA). FB was sensory accepted up to 10%GFS+15%SRB (B4). Protein and AA values of (B4) increased by 24.0 and 63.0%, respectively, moreover (TP), (TF) and fiber values were almost 11-fold, 33-fold and 6-fold, respectively, more than control. Feeding hypercholesterolemia rats bread containing 10% GFS (G4), 10%GFS+10%SRB (G5) and 10%GFS+15%SRB (G6) significantly improved (P≤0.05) lipid profile, liver & kidney functions. The best findings were recorded in (G6), where the biochemical & histological changes were restored close to the normal status. This study recommends that intake of food products containing GFS and SRB may be beneficial for patients who suffer from hypercholesterolemia due to its nutritional and therapeutic properties.

This study aimed at determining the possible effects of psyllim husk on health and its successful applications in food industries. Determination the chemical composition of psyllim husk, and effect of different concentrations 10, 15 and 20% of psyllim husk on chemical composition and sensory evaluation of crackers were also evaluated. Forty adult Albino male rats Sprague Dawley strain and weighting (215 ± 10 g) were classified into five groups, (8 rats each). Group one was fed on basal diet and kept as the control (-ve) group. The other four rat groups were fed high-fat diet to induce obesity and hypercholesterolemia then classified into the control (+ve) and treated groups which were crackers fortified with psyllim husk (10, 15 and 20% respectively). The experimental period was 28days.The results showed that the mean values obtained for the chemical composition of psyllim husk for ash, crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, moisture, and nitrogen free extract (NFE) and energy were 2.52, 3.13, 2.94, 1.84, 6.19 83.38% and 361.84, respectively. Moreover, total dietary fiber and arabinoxylan content were 77.66 and 47.60%, respectively. Biological results indicated that the addition of crackers fortified with psyllim husk to the high fat diet decreased the body weights, in addition to a significant decrease in the mean values of triglycerides, serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and glucose level in all treated groups, as compared to the positive control groups, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) increased. Also, the mean values of leptin hormone were improved. It is concluded that crackers fortified with 20% psyllim husk showed the best effect on body weights, lipid profile, liver functions, glucose level and hormones of obese rats suffering from hypercholesterolemia.

The current research was conducted to: 1) Investigate the impact of different levels (0.50, 1.50 and 3.0%) 0f green coffee powder (GCP) on probiotic stirred yoghurt. 2) Evaluate the effect of the physiochemical, functional, sensory and nutritional properties of the resultant stirred yoghurt on some health-promoting effects in hyperlipidemia and obesity rats. The yoghurt supplemented with GCP decreased the acidity, fat and synersis. The co-agulation time, total solids, pH, ash and total protein content increased with the increase of GCP supplementation as compared to the control sample. There was no significant difference in the Total Volatile Fatty Acids (TVFAs) content of stirred yoghurt from different treatments during the storage period. All the treatments had been acceptable by the panelists. The yoghurt supplemented with GCP reduced body wieght and food intake in under study hyperlipidemia rats. Feeding the hypercholesterolemia rats on 20 g/per day probiotic stirred yoghurt supplemented with GCP for six weeks decreased the severity of pathological changes in hepatic and renal tissues and preserved both liver and kidney functions, as well as ameliorated the changes in the lipid profile.

The effects of fruit and seeds of molina (Lagenaria siceraria) on some biological, biochemical and histological factors of obese rats were studied. Thirty adult male rats were distributed into five groups, the five groups were fed on high fat diet for induction of obesity. One of these groups was kept as positive control, while the left four groups were given daily fruit and seeds of molina (Lagenaria siceraria) at 2.5% and 5%, for 28 days. Results showed that body weight gain was markedly low especially in the fruit powder followed by its seeds groups at the level 5% compared to high fat diet control group. Administration of fruits and seeds at 5% followed by 2.5% lowered concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, VLDL-c and decreased activity of AST and ALT enzymes. On the other side, of HDL-c and T3 hormone concentrations were significant increased Histopathological examination showed amelioration of histopathological lesions seen in liver of obese rats when received the fruits and seeds of molina. So, from this study concluded that intake of fruit and seeds powder of molina especially at 5% can be useful for treating obesity.

The aim of the current research was to examine the effect of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves on hypercholesterolemia male rats and the possibility of adding it to some vegetable recipes (peas with tomatoes, shrouded spinach, moussaka eggplant, molokheia, colocasia with greenery). Thirty five male albino rats were divided into two main groups. The first main group (7 rats) was investigated as negative control group fed on basal diet while the second main group (28 rats) were induced with cholesterol through nutrition on a diet high in content of cholesterol, then divided into four equal groups with using one of them as a positive control group, however the other three groups has received moringa leaves powder in their diet at levels of 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively for 6weeks. Results revealed that all hypercholesterolemia rat groups which fed on 5%, 10% and 15% moringa leaves powder resulted in decrease in body weight gain. The results also declared that all hypercholesterolemia rat groups which treated with 5%,10% and 15% moringa leaves powder showed significant decrease in the values of serum cholesterol, TG , LDL-c VLDL-c, blood glucose and liver functions AST, ALT whereas showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the values of serum HDL-c comparing with the control positive. Histopathological studies showed protective effects of moringa leaves on liver .Results also showed high acceptance for vegetable recipes at 5% moringa. The study recommended adding moringa leaves to diet of cholesterol patients.