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On 31 December 2019, WHO received information from National Health Commission concerning the outbreak of Covid-19 which was identified by the Chinese authorities. The WHO depends to a great extent on its announcements and instructions on Chinese authorities' declaration. Consequently, positive and negative announcements and strategies are adopted in dealing with this pandemic. This causes a great extent of fear and confusion for people around the world despite all the efforts that WHO to pass this crucial period successfully and safely. The present study is one of the first studies that seeks to offer critical discourse analysis, description, interpretation, and explanation of ideological categories of institutional discourse, and more specifically of WHO on Covid-19 by using Van Dijk's Three-Dimensional Model of Ideology (2004). It is found that WHO focuses on certain ideological categories such as repetition, actor description, authority, hyperbole, burden, evidentiality, and number game more than other categories. It is also found that these ideological categories should be based on scientific, psychological, cognitive, social, and cultural perspectives and not just numbers, authority, hyperbole, etc. because they are used to persuade different people around the world with different cultures and they may affect those people lives positively or negatively.

Although the crises become a part of living in Palestine and the Gaza Strip, the Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic was a special and unfamiliar crisis faced by global healthcare systems generally and the Palestinian healthcare system in particular, especially in light of the extreme shortage of resources and this long period of the continued siege. Aims of the study: The main aim of this study was to assess the preparedness and response of Palestinian MOH for the Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic based on the World Health Organization's eight pillars from the health policy-makers' perspective in the Gaza Strip. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory qualitative design was used, the sample size was 25 using a purposeful sampling technique, face-toface semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data, and the directed qualitative content analysis approach was adopted for the analysis of the interview data. Results: The study's results according to the participant's perspectives revealed that there was good multi-partner coordination, planning, and monitoring between all governmental ministries, the Ministry of Health, and all health services providers in managing the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. The quarantine and the processes of controlling crossings and entry points effectively delayed the uncontrolled spreading of the pandemic and prevented the worst scenario of the pandemic crisis. Unique efforts were made by the Ministry of Health to surge the capacity of hospitals and to continue the other routine and emergency health services of the community during COVID-19.

يهدف الباحثون إلى تصميم برنامج تأهيلي للمرضي الحرق بمنطقة الطرف العلوي باستخدام التمرينات العلاجية والأشعة الحمراء والبيوبترون التي تهدف إلى خفض درجة الألم بمنطقة الطرف العلوي المصاب بالحرق حيث استخدام الباحثون المنهج التجريبي باستخدام القياس القبلي والبيني والبعدي على \"١٤\" من مرضي الحروق المصاب المتواجدون بقسم جراحة التجميل والحروق والإصلاح بكلية الطب جامعة عين شمس ومستشفياتها الجامعي، حيث قام الباحثون بتحديد البرنامج التأهيلي بناء على رأي الخبراء والمراجع العلمية الحديثة وصمم بطاقة بيانات خاصة بكل مريض لتسجيل القياسات المستخدمة في البحث القياسات الأنثروبومترية (قياس الوزن، الطول) وقياس درجة الألم وكانت أهم النتائج اختفاء الألم بصورة ملحوظة للمرضى قيد البحث، وفاعلية البرنامج المستخدم مع مرضى الحروق بالطرف العلوي وعودته إلى الكفاءة الحركية والكفاءة الوظيفية للطرف المصاب والتوصية ضرورة الاعتماد على العلاج الحركي بشكل كلي مع مرضي الحروق، ضرورة استخدام البرنامج وتطبيقه بالمراكز والمستشفيات الحروق بجمهورية مصر العربية، ضرورة إجراء المزيد من الأبحاث والدراسات التي تتناول تأهيل الحروق.

The outbreak of Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has posed a serious threat to the international community and has impacted almost all sectors. Globally, pandemic outbreaks couldn't be fought or eradicated by one state; hence, the coordination between all states is crucial. Within the ambit of Global Health Governance, the World Health Organization, is 'the directing and coordinating authority on international health work'. It is mandated, particularly, to stimulate and advance work to eradicate disease. To this end, this article examines, through an in-depth case study, the impact of the ongoing Covid-19 outbreak on the efficiency of the WHO to undertake its mandate during times of emergencies, as prescribed in its legal frameworks. The article addresses this issue from two sides: how the decision-making process has been taken internally within the WHO to control the global outbreak of the Covid-19, and how the WHO interacted with states to ensure compliance with relevant laws and recommendations. In doing so, this article is divided into four parts. In part I, it introduces the WHO as the main actor in the global health governance, highlighting its main powers and responsibilities. Part II examines the WHO's legal tools, powers and mechanisms to control diseases and discusses whether these are fit and reliable. Part III focuses on the WHO response to the ongoing outbreak of Covid-19 in light of its mandate and powers as provided in the 2005 International Health Regulations. Part IV concludes on the effectiveness of the WHO response to the ongoing crisis and suggests relevant ways for enhancement. This article proposes three principles for improving the WHO response to pandemic outbreaks: a transparent mechanism for conducting all businesses within the WHO, especially decision making; an enforcement mechanism to impose compliance on member states; and a rigorous system to assist states in building their capacities.