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近年来肺癌的发病率和死亡率呈明显上升趋势，严重威胁着人民的健康。在肺癌的综合治疗中，化疗起着不可替代的作用，然而，肺癌细胞多药耐药性(MDR)的产生，严重制约了肺癌化疗的效果，是引起肺癌化疗失败的关键因素。肺癌细胞多药耐药性是目前临床难以克服的课题之一，研究其产生机制并进一步寻求逆转方法，从而选择有针对性的化疗药物是临床迫切需要的。近年研究表明，rhIL-4能诱导癌细胞分化，增加某些肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性，从而降低MDR。

We in this paper examine warranty strategy in a two-stage supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and two competing retailers. The manufacturer produces two substitute products and markets them through the two retailers to a group of consumers, respectively. For each type of products, the manufacRtrer＇s base warranty and a retailer＇s extended warranty are bundled with the product. We use game theoretic models to explore the interactions between the two types of warranties and the competition between the retailers. For this purpose, two scenarios are considered： no retailer and both the two retailers providing the extended warranties, respectively. In each scenario, the manufacturer＇s base warranties are assumed to be offered. Our results show that when the retailers offer their extended warranties, the manufacturer has no incentive to offer the base warranties; otherwise, the manufacturer has to provide the base warranties. The competition between retailers in terms of the product substitutability has no impact on warranty decisions, but affects all players＇ profits in the supply chain. The manufacturer can provide a longer warranty length and higher customer welfare to a customer than the retailers do, if it is more efficient than the retailers in warranty cost-efficiency, and vice versa.

This paper investigates the stability of the international monetary system using the new open economic analysis framework. Our research has discovered that conditions for the stability of the international monetary system are such that the economic volume of reserve currency countries must be large enough and that the solvency capacity growth rate of reserve currency countries should be no lower than the real output growth rate of non- reserve currency countries and the real return of the reserve currency,＂ the existence of the valuation effect cannot secure the stability of a reserve currency,＂ and inclusion of the euro and the Japanese yen into international reserve currencies cannot stabilize the international monetary system, while Renminbi internationalization plays an irreplaceable role to the stability of the international monetary system.

Love for a person involves an idea of the other’s particularity, or “irreplaceability”: an idea that is linked with a fine grained attention to, and affection for, very specific features of the other. This attention is largely a consequence of—or manifestation of—my love, rather than its ground. What I see in the other is partly conditioned by an “unconditional” concern for her as an individual. A consideration of the importance of the face and of personal names in my interactions with another may bring into focus crucial aspects of the particularity and unconditionality that are characteristic of love.