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8 result(s) for "慢性肾病"
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運用健康知能概念促進慢性腎病患者自我管理
腎臟病屬於慢性病的一種,病患需具備自我管理的能力以達到疾病控制和延緩併發症產生。然為達健康生活型態及行為修正的目標,病患必須能理解及運用護理指導內容,並將健康原則整合於日常生活中。文中,個案因為缺乏適當程度與可用的健康資訊,致使個案在落實執行飲食和血糖控制的行為改變過程時發生困難。因此,筆者運用健康知能(health literacy)概念,首先評估個案關於疾病控制的知識與技能程度,再提供符合其健康知能程度的教育內容,藉由個別化的照護,促使個案提升信心與動機,將自我照護活動落實於日常生活。健康照護專業人員亦應協助病患突破文字閱讀、口語表達不佳的窘境,透過建立良好的夥伴關係,讓病患學習清楚且正確地報告自身的症狀,使健康知能受限的病患達到自我管理的目標。
Association between metabolic phenotype and urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio in Chinese community adults: A cross‐sectional study
Background Urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR) is a sensitive marker of kidney injury. This study analyzed the prevalence of different metabolic phenotypes and investigated their relationship with UACR in Chinese community adults. Methods This study involved 33 303 participants over 40 years old from seven centers across China. They were stratified into six groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and metabolic status: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Increased albuminuria was defined as a UACR ≥30 mg/g. Results The percentages of MHNW, MHOW, MHO, MUNW, MUOW, and MUO were 27.6%, 15.9%, 4.1%, 19.8%, 22.5%, and 9.6%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the MHO group (odds ratio [OR] 1.205; 95% CI, 1.081‐1.343), MUNW group (OR 1.232; 95% CI, 1.021‐1.486), MUOW group (OR 1.447; 95% CI, 1.303‐1.607), and MUO group (OR 1.912; 95% CI, 1.680‐2.176) were at higher risk of increased albuminuria compared to the MHNW group. Subgroup analysis indicated that the risk of increased albuminuria was further elevated among regular smokers in men aged 40 to 55 years old with abdominal obesity. Conclusions Among Chinese community adults, increased albuminuria was associated with increased BMI whether metabolism was normal or not, and those with abnormal metabolism were at greater risk of increased albuminuria than those with normal metabolism. These findings suggest that overweight or obesity or metabolic abnormalities are risk factors for chronic kidney disease. 摘要 背景 尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)是反映肾脏损伤的有效指标。本研究分析了不同代谢表型在中国社区成人中的患病率, 并探讨了它们与UACR的关系。 方法 这项研究纳入来自中国7个中心的33303名40岁以上的参与者。根据体重指数(BMI)和代谢状态将受试者分为6组:代谢健康正常体重(MHNW), 代谢健康超重(MHOW), 代谢健康肥胖(MHO), 代谢不健康正常体重(MUNW), 代谢不健康超重(MUOW)和代谢不健康肥胖(MUO)。UACR≥ 30 mg/g被定义为蛋白尿增加。 结果 MHNW, MHOW, MHO, MUNW, MUOW和MUO所占比例分别为27.6%, 15.9%, 4.1%, 19.8%, 22.5%和9.6%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, MHO组(OR=1.205[95%CI:1.081~1.343]), MUNW组(OR=1.232[95%CI:1.021~1.486]), MUOW组(OR=1.447[95%CI:1.303~1.607])和MUO组(OR=1.912[95%CI:1.680~2.176])发生蛋白尿增加的风险高于MHNW组。亚组分析表明, 在40至55岁腹部肥胖的男性中, 经常吸烟的人蛋白尿增加的风险进一步增加。 结论 在中国社区成年人中, 无论代谢是否正常, 尿白蛋白增加都与BMI增加相关, 代谢异常的人比代谢正常的人更容易出现蛋白尿增加的危险。这些发现表明, 超重, 肥胖和代谢异常是慢性肾脏疾病的风险因素。 HighlightsThis is the first multicenter, large‐sampled cross‐sectional study of the association between different metabolic phenotypes and urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR) in Chinese community adults. Our study may be helpful for people with increased albuminuria. We recommend that they have their UACR checked regularly and maintain a healthy lifestyle to reduce their risk of chronic kidney disease.
中国社区成人代谢表型与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值的关系:一项横断面研究
摘要 背景 尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)是反映肾脏损伤的有效指标。本研究分析了不同代谢表型在中国社区成人中的患病率, 并探讨了它们与UACR的关系。 方法 这项研究纳入来自中国7个中心的33303名40岁以上的参与者。根据体重指数(BMI)和代谢状态将受试者分为6组:代谢健康正常体重(MHNW), 代谢健康超重(MHOW), 代谢健康肥胖(MHO), 代谢不健康正常体重(MUNW), 代谢不健康超重(MUOW)和代谢不健康肥胖(MUO)。UACR≥ 30 mg/g被定义为蛋白尿增加。 结果 MHNW, MHOW, MHO, MUNW, MUOW和MUO所占比例分别为27.6%, 15.9%, 4.1%, 19.8%, 22.5%和9.6%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, MHO组(OR=1.205[95%CI:1.081~1.343]), MUNW组(OR=1.232[95%CI:1.021~1.486]), MUOW组(OR=1.447[95%CI:1.303~1.607])和MUO组(OR=1.912[95%CI:1.680~2.176])发生蛋白尿增加的风险高于MHNW组。亚组分析表明, 在40至55岁腹部肥胖的男性中, 经常吸烟的人蛋白尿增加的风险进一步增加。 结论 在中国社区成年人中, 无论代谢是否正常, 尿白蛋白增加都与BMI增加相关, 代谢异常的人比代谢正常的人更容易出现蛋白尿增加的危险。这些发现表明, 超重, 肥胖和代谢异常是慢性肾脏疾病的风险因素。
在中国非糖尿病或糖尿病患者中,用不同的方法评估肾小球滤过率和全因死亡率的风险:一项全国性的前瞻性研究
摘要 【摘要】 背景 通过不同生物标志物估计的肾小球滤过率(eGFRs)是否与死亡率不同相关,或者这种相关性是否因糖尿病状态而不同仍然不清楚,特别是在中国人群中。方法 本研究纳入了6 995名非糖尿病患者(平均年龄60.4岁)和1 543例糖尿病患者(平均年龄61.8岁)。每项eGFR测量分为正常[≥90 mL/min‐1·(1.73 m2)‐1]、中度下降[ 60~90 mL/min‐1·(1.73 m2)‐1]和慢性肾病(CKD) [ <60 mL/min‐1·(1.73 m2)‐1]组。Cox比例风险模型用于估计与每种eGFR相关的全因死亡率的风险比(HR)。结果 在7年的随访中,非糖尿病患者有677人死亡,糖尿病患者有215人死亡。在非糖尿病的患者中,eGFR轻度下降的所有指标都与死亡率无关,而由eGFRcys和eGFRcr‐cys定义的CKD(HR分别为1.71和1.55),而不是由eGFRcr定义的CKD与较高的死亡风险相关。在糖尿病患者中,所有适度下降的eGFR(分别为eGFRcr、eGFRcys和eGFRcr‐cys的HR 1.53、1.56和2.09)和CKD(分别为eGFRcr、eGFRcys和eGFRcr‐cys的HR 2.57、2.99和3.92)与较高的死亡风险相关。无论糖尿病状态如何,在传统的危险因素中加入eGFRcys或eGFRcr‐cys,比加入eGFRcr,在预测全因死亡风险方面有更大的改善。结论 在中国老年人群中,eGFR与死亡风险的关系似乎因其测量方法和糖尿病状况而异,这需要在临床实践中加以考虑。
计算机化甲襞视频毛细血管镜在2型糖尿病中的运用: 对102例门诊患者的横断面研究
摘要 背景: 2型糖尿病(T2D)是一种对血管健康产生负面影响的慢性疾病。对慢性并发症、包括微循环的仔细评估是必须的。计算机化甲襞视频毛细血管镜(CNVC)能够准确检查甲襞微血管,但其是否适合用于T2D尚待研究。本文旨在描述T2D患者的甲襞微血管,探讨血糖控制水平以及慢性微血管和大血管并发症对其的影响。 方法: 这是一项针对102名连续且未经筛选的T2D门诊患者的横断面研究,所有患者均接受CNVC检查。使用电子视频毛细血管镜以300倍的放大率进行检查。根据已确定的参数描述毛细血管镜下外观和毛细血管改变。将毛细血管镜参数在血糖控制不佳(HbA1c≥7%)和血糖控制较好(HbA1c<7%)的患者之间以及有慢性并发症和无慢性并发症的患者之间进行比较。慢性并发症根据病史、实验室和仪器数据以及国际勃起功能指数(IIEF‐5)问卷进行推断。 结果: HbA1c≥7%患者的甲襞毛细血管较厚(p=0.019)且更长(p=0.021),与血糖控制较好的患者相比。HbA1c≥7.0%的患者中毛细血管扩张(p=0.017)和微动脉瘤(p=0.045)的发生率高于HbA1c<7.0%。与无ED患者相比,有ED的患者奇异形状毛细血管的发生率较低(p=0.02)。伴有颈动脉狭窄>20%的患者中微动脉瘤的发生率较高(p=0.02)。 结论: 在2型糖尿病患者中观察到相关的甲襞微血管改变,其中大多数与血糖控制不佳、ED和颈动脉狭窄有关。需要进一步调查以认识到CNVC在预测慢性并发症的发生和进展以及监测抗高血糖药物治疗对微循环的有效性中所起的作用。
Effects of chronic renal failure on the expression of connexin 43 in the rat's corpus cavernosum
Aim: To explore the mechanism of chronic renal failure (CRF)-related erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods: CRF experimental models were established by 5/6 nephrectomy from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Both the rats from the control group (NCRF group, n = 6) and the experimental group (CRF group, n = 30) were injected with a low dose (80 μg/g) of apomorphine in the 12th week after resection surgery to measure corresponding penile erections. Western blot method was thereafter conducted to measure the expression of connexin 43 (CX43) in the rat corpus cavernosum in the 12th week after the resection surgery. Results: There was one death in the NCRF group and five in the CRF group. The penile erection ratio of the CRF group was 28% (7/25), whereas that of the NCRF group was 100% (5/5), which presents a significant difference between the two groups (P 〈 0.05). In terms of penile erection frequency, the average of the CRF group was 1.0 ± 0.0, which was significantly different from that of the NCRF group (2.2 ± 0.8) (P 〈 0.05). As for the expression of CX43 in the rat corpus cavernosum, a notable difference existed between the CRF group (0.21 ± 0.07) and the NCRF group (0.53 ± 0.27) (P 〈 0.01). Conclusion: CRF significantly reduces the erectile function of rats. A close correlation exists between the expression of CX43 in rats' corpus cavernosum and CRF-related ED. (Asian J Andro12008 Mar; 10: 286-289)
转铁蛋白在糖尿病肾病和原发性慢性肾小球疾病中的临床意义
目的 探讨转铁蛋白(TRF)在糖尿病肾病(DN)和原发性慢性肾小球疾病(cGD)中的临床意义。方法 采用速率散射比浊法测定了114例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者、108例CGD患者和30例正常人24h尿TRF排泄量(UTf),并进行比较分析。结果 DN早期TRF较白蛋白(ALB)更早出现异常;CGD患者UTf与尿总蛋白量(UTP)成正相关,且较后者更敏感。结论 UTf在DN早期明显增加,较白蛋白排泄率(UAER)能更敏感地反映糖尿病早期肾脏损害;UTf与UTP呈正相关。联合检测二者应能更灵敏、更精确地反映肾脏病变。