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目的 回顾性分析国内外文献中关于包虫囊肿患者发生囊肿腹腔破裂的相关因素及特点,总结其诊治及预防措施。方法 通过文献检索,收集并研究1988年-2014年间中文或英文发表的关于包虫囊肿腹腔破裂的文献,针对文中发生囊肿腹腔破裂的相关因素及特点进行回顾性分析。结果 纳入的包虫囊肿发生破裂的32篇文献中,国外14篇,国内18篇,共2 044例资料,按地理分布,国外1 007例,国内1 037例;囊肿破裂894例,破入腹腔385例;男性491例,女性288例,余未提供;年龄3-76岁,平均年龄39.5岁;囊肿部位多位于肝脏;破裂的囊肿平均直径多大于10cm;囊肿多由外伤致使破裂;囊型包虫破裂后365例患者表现为腹痛、恶心呕吐、腹部压痛及反跳痛明显的腹膜炎体征,随着病情发展,176例患者出现全身过敏性反应,并发皮肤荨麻疹、过敏性休克等;患者白细胞数均会升高,结合临床表现及腹部超声或CT基本可以确诊;治疗均采用紧急手术剖腹探查,多数患者达临床治愈;术前准备时间长短与患者临床表现、及时就诊和确诊相关;紧急手术后327例患者给予阿苯达唑预防复发,复发率低。结论 包虫囊肿破裂主要发生于包虫流行区域,中青年男性常发生破裂,破裂囊肿多位于肝脏,破裂率与囊肿大小相关,破裂后患者主要表现为急腹症及全身过敏反应,及时确诊、紧急手术彻底清除病灶及囊液是治疗的关键,术后应用阿苯达唑可有效预防包虫囊肿复发。

目的通过临床病例对比分析，探讨恶性肿瘤局部放射性粒子植入这一新兴治疗手段在治疗胰腺癌方面的优势及未来前景。方法收集在西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院初诊住院的胰腺癌患者104例，根据住院期间接受的主要治疗方式分为3组，比较3组患者治疗后症状缓解情况、住院时间以及治疗的副作用和并发症，同时随访其治疗后远期症状缓解情况、生活质量及生存期。结果3组间出现胰瘘、消化道梗阻、骨髓抑制、平均初诊住院时间及平均生存期有显著差异，其余各项统计无明显差异。结论碘-125放射性粒子植入治疗胰腺癌在临床收益方面强于其他传统治疗方法，可作为中晚期胰腺癌治疗的有力补充.

任何一个新药、新的治疗方案的问世，都要经过严格的临床试验。药品临床试验管理规范(GCP)是国内外公认的指南。然而，在临床试验过程中，新药或新的治疗方法的疗效评价是其中的关键。在新药发展的历史上，有些有效药物因疗效评价不合理而被淘汰，而疗效平平的药物也因疗效评价不科学而生产上市，这是不容否认的事实。为了便于国内外经验的交流，

Alpha-synuclein （a-syn） deposition in Lewy bodies （LB） is one of the main neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. LB accumulation is considered a causative factor of PD, which suggests that strategies aimed at reducing a-syn levels could be relevant for its treatment. In the present study, we developed novel nanocarriers suitable for systemic delivery of small interfering ribonucleic acid （siRNA） that were specifically designed to reduce neuronal α-syn by RNA interference. Anionic liposomes loaded with an siRNA-protamine complex for α-syn gene silencing and decorated with a rabies virus glycoprotein （RVG）-derived peptide as a targeting agent were prepared. The nanoparticles were characterized for their ability to load, protect, and deliver the functional siRNA to mouse primary hippocampal and cortical neurons as well as their efficiency to induce gene silencing in these cells. Moreover, the nanocarriers were evaluated for their stability in serum. The RVG-decorated liposomes displayed suitable characteristics for future in vivo applications and successfully induced α-syn gene silencing in primary neurons without altering cell viability. Collectively, our results indicate that RVG-decorated liposomes may be an ideal tool for further studies aimed at achieving efficient in vivo α-syn gene silencing in mouse models of PD.

We aim to investigate the correlations between hemodynamic parameters, penile rigidity grading, and the therapeutic effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors using color Doppler flow imaging after intracavernosal injection in patients with erectile dysfunction. This study involved 164 patients. After intracavernosal injection with a mixture of papaverine （60 mg）, prostaglandin E1 （10 μg）, and lidocaine （2%, 0.5-1 ml）, the penile vessels were assessed using color Doppler flow imaging. Penile rigidity was classified based on the Erection Hardness Score system as Grades 4, 3, 2 or 1 （corresponding to Schramek Grades Ⅴ to Ⅱ）. Then, the patients were given oral sildenafil （50-100 mg） and scored according to the International Index of Erectile Function （IIEF-5） questionnaire. The number of patients with penile rigidities of Schramek Grades Ⅱ to Ⅴ was 14, 18, 21, and 111, respectively. The IIEF-5 score was positively correlated with the refilling index of the penile cavernosal artery （r = 0.79, P 〈 0.05）, the peak systolic velocity （r= 0.45, P〈 0.05）, and penile rigidity （r= 0.75, P〈 0.05）, and was negatively correlated with the end diastolic velocity （r = -0.74, P 〈 0.05）. For patients with erectile dysfunction, both the IIEF-5 score after sildenafil administration, which is correlated with penile rigidity, and the hemodynamic parameters detected using color Doppler flow imaging may predict the effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor treatment and could provide a reasonable model for the targeted-treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Background：The 9-hole peg test （9-HPT） and 10-meter walk test （10-MWT） are commonly used to test finger motor function and walking ability.The aim of this present study was to investigate the efficacy of these tests for evaluating functional loss in Chinese Charcot-Marie-Tooth （CMT） disease.Methods：Thirty-four Chinese CMT patients （CMT group） from August 2015 to December 2016 were evaluated with 9-HPT,10-MWT,CMT disease examination score,overall neuropathy limitation scale （ONLS）,functional disability score,and Berg Balance Scale （BBS）.Thirty-five age-and gender-matched healthy controls （control group） were also included in the study.Student＇s nonpaired or paired t-test were performed to compare data between two independent or related groups,respectively.The Pearson test was used to examine the correlations between recorded parameters.Results：The mean 9-HPT completion time in the dominant hand of CMT patients was significantly slower than that in the healthy controls （29.60 ± 11.89 s vs.19.58 ± 3.45 s;t =-4.728,P 〈 0.001）.Women with CMT completed the 9-HPT significantly faster than men with CMT （dominant hand：24.74 ± 7.93 s vs.33.01 ± 13.14 s,t =2.097,P =0.044）.The gait speed of the average self-selected velocity and the average fast-velocity assessed using 10-MWT for CMT patients were significantly slower than those in the control group （1.03 ± 0.18 m/s vs.1.44 ± 0.17 m/s,t =9.333,P 〈 0.001;1.31 ± 0.30 m/s vs.1.91 ± 0.25 m/s,t =8.853,P 〈 0.00 1,respectively）.There was no difference in gait speed between men and women.Both 9-HPT and 10-MWT were significantly correlated with the ONLS,functional disability score,and BBS （P 〈 0.05 for all）.Conclusion：The 9-HPT and 10-MWT might be useful for functional assessment in Chinese patients with CMT.

Background： The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of vinorelbine and cisplatin （NP chemotherapy） alone or in combination with Aidi injection for the treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Pertinent publications were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CQVIR and Wanfang databases, up to December 8, 2015. After quality assessment of all included randomized controlled trials evaluating Aidi injection combined with NP chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced NSCLC, a meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.2 and STATA 12.0 for statistical analyses. Results： Twelve studies including 509 and 503 cases in the experimental and control groups, respectively, were finally analyzed. The meta-analysis revealed that when cisplatin dose ranging from 20 to 40 mg/m2, combination of Aidi injection and NP chemotherapy was statistically different compared with NP chemotherapy alone in enhancing efficiency （relative risk [RR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [C/] [ 1.05-1.47], P = 0.010） and reducing the incidence of Grade II or above nausea and vomiting （RR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.30-0.80], P = 0.005）. Meanwhile, with cisplatin ranging from 80 to 120 mg/m2, no significant differences in efficiency （RR = 1.11, 95% CI [0.87- 1.42], P = 0.390） and Grade II or above nausea and vomiting （RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.71-1.10], P = 0.260） were obtained. In addition, Aidi injection combined with NP chemotherapy was superior to NP chemotherapy alone in improving the quality of life, alleviating Grade II or above leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Conclusions： Aidi injection combined with NP chemotherapy can enhance efficiency, improve the quality of life, and decrease adverse effects in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Background：High cost of imported pacemakers is a main obstacle for Chinese patients suffering from bradyarrhythmia,and a domestically developed pacemaker will help lower the burden.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy ofQinming8631 DR （Qinming Medical,Baoji,China）,the first domestically developed dual-chamber pacemaker of China,compared with a commercially available pacemaker Talos DR （Biotronik,Berlin,Germany） in Chinese patients.Methods：A prospective randomized trial was conducted at 14 centers in China.Participants were randomized into trial （Qinming8631 DR） and control （Talos DR） groups.Parameters of the pacing systems were collected immediately after device implantation and during follow-ups.The effective pacing rate at 6-month follow-up was recorded as the primary end point.Electrical properties,magnet response,single-and double-pole polarity conversion,rate response function,and adverse events of the pacing system were analyzed.The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test,paired t-test,and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for measuring primary qualitative outcomes and comparing normally and abnormally distributed measurement data.Results：A total of 225 patients with a diagnosis ofbradyarrhythmia and eligible for this study were randomly enrolled into the trial （n =113） and control （n =112） groups.They underwent successful pacemaker implantation with acceptable postoperative pacing threshold and sensitivity.Effective pacing rates of trial and control groups were comparable both in the full analysis set and the per protocol set （81.4% vs.79.5%,P =0.712 and 95.4% vs.89.5%,P =0.143,respectively）.In both data sets,noninferiority of the trial group was above the predefined noninferiority limit（-9.5%）.Conclusions：This study established the noninferiority ofQinming8631 DR to Talos DR.The safety and efficacy ofQinming8631 DR pacemaker were comparable to those of Talos DR in treating patients with cardiac bradyarrhythmia.

Combining the personal clinical practice, the authors of this article illustrated the basic principle of treating obesity with acupuncture, studied its therapeutic effect evaluation, and demonstrated the idea and approaches in clinical application. In addition, the authors concluded that syndrome differentiation was the treatment principle and correct approach was crucial to the final result.

OBJECTIVE To observe anti-tumor effects of PVAX-PSMA gene vaccine. METHODS The PSMA gene was inserted into a mammalian expression vector, PVAX-1, to construct the DNA vaccine candidate, and was then used to vaccinate C57BL/6 mice. Animals vaccinated with PVAX-1 and NaCl were used as controls. Anti-PSMA antibody was detected in sera of the animals. The proliferation and cytotoxicity of the spleen cells were observed. The immunized mice were inoculated with RM-1 cells. The mice were inoculated with RM-1 cells, and then the mice were immunized. The anti-tumor efficacy of the gene vaccine was evaluated by the ratio of tumor formation, tumor volume, tumor mass before and a er gene vaccination and evaluated by survival rate of the immunized mice. RESULTS High level of anti-PSMA antibody was induced in the PVAX-PSMA group. The splenocytes from PVAX-PSMA group were stimulated to produce strong proliferation responses and significant cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) activity. After the mice were immunized with PVAX-PSMA gene, tumor occurrence was decreased, and the growth velocity of tumor was markedly reduced, resulting in prolonged tumor-free time (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION PVAX-PSMA gene vaccine has significant anti- tumor effects and provides an experimental basis for primary prevention and immunotherapy of prostate cancer.