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两栖和爬行类动物被认为是环境健康的重要指示类群。为掌握杭州重要城市生态系统中生物多样性状况，本研究对西湖风景名胜区和西溪国家湿地公园两处核心地区的两栖爬行动物进行多样性调查与评估。本研究在调查区域利用样线法和样方法开展了3个季节的调查，记录到两栖类2目8科21种，爬行类1目8科23种；除上述本土物种外，还发现寺庙的放生池中有一定数量的龟类（6种），其中有入侵物种巴西龟（Trachemys scripta elegans）和蛇鳄龟（Chelydra serpentina）。物种多样性特征分析结果表明：西湖景区比西溪湿地呈现更丰富的生物多样性，具体表现为：（1）在物种分布数目上，西湖景区的两栖类和爬行类物种分别比西溪湿地多11、18种；（2）在物种多样性指数上，西湖景区的G-F指数均高于西溪湿地（西湖两栖DG-F = 0.316，西溪两栖DG-F = 0.150；西湖爬行DG-F = 0.318，西溪爬行DG-F = 0.217）。此外，西溪湿地单独记录到短尾蝮（Gloydius brevicaudus）和阔褶水蛙（Hylarana latouchii）。相关性分析表明，季节、降雨量以及气温与物种丰富度呈中度相关（0.06 < η2 < 0.16），而与香农-维纳指数和辛普森指数呈弱相关（η2 < 0.06），夏季物种丰富度高于其他两个季节。本研究详细调查了西湖景区和西溪湿地的两栖及爬行动物多样性与分布情况，同时发现了这两个区域存在入侵物种，尤其是放生池内。这些发现为未来这两个景区在物种多样性保护和管理方面提供了重要的参考依据。

Q958.1; 两栖和爬行类动物被认为是环境健康的重要指示类群.为掌握杭州重要城市生态系统中生物多样性状况,本研究对西湖风景名胜区和西溪国家湿地公园两处核心地区的两栖爬行动物进行多样性调查与评估.本研究在调查区域利用样线法和样方法开展了3个季节的调查,记录到两栖类2目8科21种,爬行类1目8科23种;除上述本土物种外,还发现寺庙的放生池中有一定数量的龟类(6种),其中有入侵物种巴西龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和蛇鳄龟(Chelydra serpentina).物种多样性特征分析结果表明:西湖景区比西溪湿地呈现更丰富的生物多样性,具体表现为:(1)在物种分布数目上,西湖景区的两栖类和爬行类物种分别比西溪湿地多11、18种;(2)在物种多样性指数上,西湖景区的G-F指数均高于西溪湿地(西湖两栖DG-F=0.316,西溪两栖DG-F=0.150;西湖爬行DG-F=0.318,西溪爬行DG-F=0.217).此外,西溪湿地单独记录到短尾蝮(Gloydius brevicaudus)和阔褶水蛙(Hylarana latouchii).相关性分析表明,季节、降雨量以及气温与物种丰富度呈中度相关(0.06<η2<0.16),而与香农-维纳指数和辛普森指数呈弱相关(η2<0.06),夏季物种丰富度高于其他两个季节.本研究详细调查了西湖景区和西溪湿地的两栖及爬行动物多样性与分布情况,同时发现了这两个区域存在入侵物种,尤其是放生池内.这些发现为未来这两个景区在物种多样性保护和管理方面提供了重要的参考依据.

为了解西溪湿地底泥质量现状,2012年9月采集保护区内不同干扰类型的底泥样本,测试了底泥中重金属和POPs中PCBs、OCPs和PAHs的含量,并对湿地底泥污染进行了生态风险初步评价。结果表明,底泥中未检出PCBs和OCPs,但检测出14种EPA优控PAHs,总PAHs的浓度范围为115.9～217.8 ng·g^-1,低于潜在生态风险的效应区间低值ERL,其中列入中国＂水中优先控制污染黑名单＂的7种PAHs均有检出并且其总量占∑PAHs 1/2左右（平均为50.08%）;底泥中8种重金属含量平均值低于《土壤环境质量标准》（GB 15618—1995）的二级标准,但Hg、Zn、Pb、Ni含量在多个位点已超过一级标准;分别采用土壤背景值和国家一级标准为参比值对湿地底泥中重金属进行单因子污染风险指数评价,发现分别有7种和4种元素的污染指数大于1;综合分析不同干扰类型的底泥质量,发现底泥疏浚能有效降低有机质含量、全氮和PAHs含量,但对全磷、重金属含量则无明显效果,封闭水体的干塘措施能显著减少污泥量和有机物含量。研究结果表明,西溪湿地底泥中高环PAHs和重金属污染水平可能对西溪湿地生物具有潜在的生物毒性作用及不利的生态影响效应,其疏浚底泥农用则无生态风险。

对杭州西溪湿地不同水体干扰和沉积过程干扰类型的底泥重金属进行研究,分析了底泥表层和剖面重金属Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg和As的含量及分布特征,探讨不同湿地保护措施和水体干扰类型等因素对底泥重金属含量的影响及重金属的可能来源,在此基础上,运用单因子污染指数、Hakanson潜在生态风险指数和基于沉积物质量基准的方法对底泥污染的生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,底泥7种重金属含量平均值均低于《土壤环境质量标准》（GB15618-1995）的二级标准。除Hg和As外,其他元素含量平均值高于当地土壤元素背景值。重金属元素间的不同相关性指示底泥污染物的多种来源。Zn和Cd在底泥中的含量要明显高于土壤,指示底泥中有不同于土壤的重金属污染来源。空间上,底泥污染物的分布与人为活动干扰的强度具有较为密切的关系,景区外围样点污染物含量要高于景区内样点,且景区外围样点重金属污染物仍然处于一个增加的趋势,而景区内污染物输入则呈现为减少的态势。水体类型对底泥重金属的影响一般表现为封闭池塘和大水面中底泥重金属元素含量高于普通河道中的含量。Hakanson潜在生态风险评价表明,西溪湿地的整体生态风险较轻微,元素中Cd和Hg具有中等生态风险，其余为轻微生态风险。基于沉积物质量基准的风险评价结果则有所不同。

湿地生态系统具有多种功能和价值，是人类重要的自然资源，被称为“自然之肾”，在调节气候、降解污染物、净化水质、保护生物多样性和为人类提供生产、生活资源等方面发挥着重要作用。底泥作为湿地水体三大环境要素（水质、水生生物和底泥）之一，是底栖生物的栖息地和水生植被生长的重要场所，

The cold-island effect of urban wetlands has received increasing attention in recent years due to its important role in the alleviation of urban heat islands.Hangzhou,a representative rapidly urbanizing city with rich wetlands in China,was selected as a case study for researching the changes that the urban wetlands have undergone and their impact on the urban thermal environment.Land surface temperature（LST） was acquired from the thermal infrared data of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper（TM） images in 1990,1995,2000,2006,and 2010,using the single-channel method.The results are as follows：1） considering the changes in land use,the urban wetlands located to the west of Hangzhou have decreased significantly during 1990–2010 because of rapid urbanization.In the Xixi Wetland,the change in land use was relatively small and most of the water body and vegetation were preserved.However,to the east of the Xixi Wetland,large areas of water body and vegetation have been replaced by built-up land as a result of the urbanization process;2） considering the change in LST,it was found from land surface temperature retrieval that the changing spatial pattern of the thermal field was highly correlated with land use changes.Low temperature regions of the eastern Xixi Wetland were gradually eroded by high temperature regions,and the centroid of the heat island in East Xixi was found to be constantly shifting westward.In addition,the difference in LST between the Xixi Wetland and East Xixi has increased;3） considering the impact factors for this area,land use structure and patch shape were found to have a significant impact on LST,shown by the results of multiple linear stepwise regressions.Increasing the size of the wetlands in urban planning is considered to be the most effective measure in alleviating the urban heat island effect.Moreover,reducing the spatial complexity of landscape patches also contributes to the alleviation of the urban heat island effect.

[ Objective] The study aims to resolve water resource problem availably. [ Method] On the basis of wetland self-purification capacity, Yanshan River water was purified by Xixi Wetland, and the feasibility of using treated Yanshan River water for urban greening and watering road was analyzed. [Result] Compared with direct utilization of tap water, it is more economic to recycle Yanshan River water purified by Xixi Wetland for urban greening and watering read, with obvious economic, ecological and social benefits, so it is an effective method to address shortage of water resources and is worth spreading. [ Conclusion] It is feasible to use Yanshan River water purified by Xixi Wetland for urban greening and watering read.