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双相情感障碍（Bipolar Affective Disorder,BPD）是精神科常见疾病,一般指既有躁狂或轻躁狂发作、又有抑郁发作的一类情感障碍,其症状具有多样性,呈躁狂发作、抑郁发作、混合状态、快速循环发作、伴有或不伴有精神病性症状.自20世纪60年代以来,心境稳定剂（MS）逐步广泛用于治疗BPD,锂盐被认为是BPD急性期和维持期一线治疗的“金标准”,但约有42％～64％的患者尤其是混合状态和快速循环患者对锂盐反应不佳.此外锂盐治疗起效慢,毒副作用大,治疗窗狭窄,需经常检测血锂浓度,患者或因难以忍受的不良事件导致依从性较差.自20世纪90年代以来,非经典抗精神病药逐渐用于BPD治疗并取得较好疗效.本文就非经典抗精神病药在BPD治疗中的疗效及应用情况进行分析及总结,以便根据症状的不同及病情的不同阶段选择合理的治疗方案.

Natural killer （NK） cell education, a process for achieving functional maturation and self-tolerance, has been previously defined by the interaction between self-major histocompatibility complex class I （MHC-I） molecules and their specific inhibitory receptors. Over the past several years, growing evidence has highlighted the important roles of nonclassical MHC-I and non-MHC-I molecules in NK cell education. Herein, we review the current knowledge of NK cell education, with a particular focus on nonclassical MHC-I- and non-MHC-I-dependent education, and compare them with the classical MHC-I-dependent education theory. In addition, we update and extend this theory by presenting the ＇Confining Model＇, discussing cis and trans characteristics, reassessing quantity and quality control, and elucidating the redundancy of NK cell education in tumor and virus infection.

Major mechanisms for the recognition of pathogens by immune cells have evolved to employ classical and non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I （MHC I） molecules. Classical MHC I molecules present antigenic peptide ligands on infected cells to CD8＋ T cells, whereas a key function for non-classical MHC I molecules is to mediate inhibitory or activating stimuli in natural killer （NK） cells. The structural diversity of MHC I puts immense pressure on persisting viruses, including cytomegaloviruses. The very large coding capacity of the human cytomegalovirus allows it to express a whole arsenal of immunoevasive factors assigned to individual MHC class I targets. This review summarizes achievements from more than two decades of intense research on how human cytomegalovirus manipulates MHC I molecules and escapes elimination by the immune system.

The differentiation of dendritic cells （DC） is affected by the aging process. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the alteration of DC development in aged mice have not been clarified. Recently, Wnt5a was reported to be an important aging-related molecule in hematopoietic systems. Here, we hypothesized that the increased expression of Wnt5a in aged hematopoietic precursors led to deficient DC differentiation in aged mice. The percentages and cell numbers of plasmacytoid DC （pDC） and CD 172a-CD8a＋conventional DC （cDC） were decreased in aged mice compared to young mice. Further analysis indicated that the hematopoietic precursors that gave rise to DC, including Fit3＋ lymphoid-primed multipotent precursors （LMPP）, common lymphoid progenitors （CLP） and common DC precursors （CDP）, were all decreased in the bone marrow of aged mice. Overexpression of Wnt5a in hematopoietic precursors strongly affected the differentiation of cDC and pDC in vivo. Treatment of hematopoietic stem cells （HSC） with Wnt5a led to a significant decrease in the differentiation of the LMPP, CLP and CDP populations that was similar to the decrease observed in the bone marrow （BM） HSC of aged mice. Molecular studies demonstrated that Wnt5a negatively regulated the expression of an array of genes important for DC differentiation, including Fit3, Gfi-1, Ikaros, Bc111a, and IL-7R, by activating the Wnt5a-Cdc42 pathway. Finally, we rejuvenated DC differentiation from aged precursors by blocking the non-canonical Wnt pathway. Our study identified the key roles of the non-canonical Wnt pathway in DC differentiation and DC aging.

The squeezed state was experimentally produced in the four wave mixing process for the first time thirty years ago [1]. Its intrinsic nonclassical property has always attracted the attention of the scientists, and it has also presented an unpredictable application potential in quantum information pro- cessing [2-6] and quantum metrology [7-9]. For gaining an insight into the quantum state, Bertrand et al. [10] intro- duced the concept of quantum tomography into quantum mechanics in 1987. And in 1997, Breitenbach et al. [11] pre- sented the noise distribution of the squeezed states of light fields and reconstructed the quantum states by balanced homodyne detection （BHD）. If the squeezed state light field has a relatively strong amplitude, BHD is not suitable. Consequently, other approaches have also been studied, such as self-tomography of the twin-beam state [12] and selftomography of the single-mode squeezed light field with an empty cavity [ 13]. These approaches enable people to understand the nature of the quantum state.

In this paper, a mathematical model is presented for studying thin film damping of the surrounding fluid in an in-plane oscillating micro-beam resonator. The proposed model for this study is made up of a clamped-clamped micro-beam bound between two fixed layers. The micro-gap between the micro-beam and fixed layers is filled with air. As classical theories are not properly capable of predicting the size dependence behaviors of the micro-beam, and also behavior of micro-scale fluid media, hence in the presented model, equation of motion governing longitudinal displacement of the micro-beam has been extracted based on non-local elasticity theory. Furthermore, the fluid field has been modeled based on micro-polar theory. These coupled equations have been simplified using Newton-Laplace and continuity equations. After transforming to non-dimensional form and linearizing, the equations have been discretized and solved simultaneously using a Galerkin-based reduced order model. Considering slip boundary conditions and applying a complex frequency approach, the equivalent damping ratio and quality factor of the micro-beam resonator have been obtained. The obtained values for the quality factor have been compared to those based on classical theories. We have shown that applying non-classical theories underestimate the values of the quality factor obtained based on classical theories. The effects of geometrical parameters of the micro-beam and micro-scale fluid field on the quality factor of the resonator have also been investigated.

It is shown that a choice of degrees of freedom of a bipartite continuous variable system determines the amount of non-classical correlations （quantified by discord） in the system’s state. Non-classical correlations （that include entanglement as a special kind of correlations） are ubiquitous for such systems. For a quantum state, if there are not non-classical correlations （quantum discord is zero） for one, there are in general non-classical correlations （quantum discord is non-zero） for another set of the composite system’s degrees of freedom. The physical relevance of this ＂quantum correlations relativity＂ is emphasized also in the more general context.

A complete classical symmetry classification and a nonclassical symmetry classification of a class of nonlinear wave equations are given with three arbitrary parameter functions. The obtained results show that such nonlinear wave equations admit richer classical and nonclassical symmetries, leading to the conservation laws and the reduction of the wave equations. Some exact solutions of the considered wave equations for particular cases are derived.

Investigation of early stages of crystal growth revealed that crystal growth in some systems may not follow the classic route. In the early stages of inorganic crystal growth, precursor molecules and/or nanocrystallites may aggregate into large and disordered particles with the assistance of some polymers or biomolecules. Surface crystallization of these aggregates would then take place to form shells with high crystallinity and density, followed by an extension of the crystallization from surface to core. This so-called reversed crystal growth mechanism has been found in crystallization of several inorganic compounds in- cluding zeolites, perovskites, metals and metal oxides, and will be identified in more material systems. The establishment of this new crystal growth route gave us more freedom to control the morphology of crystals and to understand the formation mechanism of many natural minerals. This article gives a brief review of the recent research in this field by featuring some typical examples of the reversed crystal growth.

In the past decade, with the rapid developments of high-quality-factor optical and mechanical resonators and nanofabrication techniques, optomechanics has emerged as a novel research field in extremely fast progress, which explores the coupling between the optical field and mechanical resonator. This attributes to the important applications for optomechanics： on the one hand, optomechanics promises to manipulate mechanical motion in the quantum regime and create nonclassical states of light and mechanical motion, on the other hand, there is the highly sensitive optical detection of very small forces, displacements, masses, and so on.