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Discovering the cosmos with small spacecraft : the American Explorer Program
Explorer was the original American space program and Explorer 1 its first satellite, launched in 1958. It introduces the launchers (Juno, Thor, etc.), the launch centers, the ground centers and key personalities like James Van Allen who helped develop and run the spacecraft's exciting programs.
Book
Preface
The 20th International Conference on Aerospace Sciences & Aviation Technology ASAT-20 MAY 9 - 11, 2023, Cairo, EgyptThe Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt, has the pleasure to organize the 20thInternational Conference on Aerospace Sciences & Aviation Technology (ASAT-20), MAY 9 - 11, 2023. The Organizing Committee welcome all the Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology professionals to this signature event in Military Technical College, looking forward to outstanding meetings with top industrial, academic scientists, and researchers; from the different countries around the world; to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology.The conference has been received 160 scientific papers., The reviewe process starts with plagiarism test and reviewed by 120 specialized professors of different conference fields. A 94 scientific papers are approved, and they will be discussed in 25 scientific sessions. As part of the conference activities, 12 scientific lectures will be held on the latest findings of scientists in the field of aerospace engineering and their applications.The researchers and professors represent many research and academic centers and industrial entities from the Arab Republic of Egypt, the United States of America, China, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, India, Pakistan and the Czech Republic.List of Conference Topics, Conference Committee, Contributors, Conference Schedule, Scientific Sessions, Workshops and Keynotes Speakers, List of Reviewers, Authors Index are available in this pdf.
Journal Article
Preface
The 21st International Conference on Aerospace Sciences & Aviation Technology (ASAT21), Sponsored by The Egyptian Ministry of Defense and Organized by The Military Technical College in the duration of 12 to 15 May, 2025 in the military technical college Cairo-Egypt. The conference is considered the final version of the International Conference on Aerospace Sciences & Aviation Technology organized by the military technical college since 1985 that targets promotion of interdisciplinary understanding of aerospace and aviation systems.The conference topics aims to attract the researchers from all over the world working on frontiers of aerospace science, technology, and engineering that may significantly impact the filed. For the last forty years, the conference has embraced a large number of research papers that were presented by professionals distinguished researchers in their fields and by high-ranking members of the academics and industry.This year version of the conference ASAT21 has received thirty-six scientific papers, the review process starts with similarity check and have been reviewed by a total of 26 reviewers who are expertise in different conference topics. The papers approved for presentation during the eight scientific sessions of the conference are thirty-one papers. As part of the conference activities six workshops and a keynote lecture are held about the latest in the field of aerospace and aviation technology represented by professors and researchers from academic and industrial foundations in the field of aerospace and aviation.List of Conference Topics, Conference Committee, Contributors, Conference Schedule, Scientific Sessions, Workshops, Keynote Speaker, List of Reviewers and Authors Index are available in this PDF.
Journal Article
18th International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology ASAT-18
List of Contents, Preface, Program of ASAT-18, Conference Venue, Location of Conference Sessions, Contributors, Conference Committees, Reviewers, Opening Lecture, Invited Speakers, Program of Scientific Sessions, Abstracts of Scientific Papers, Program of Workshops, Exhibition, Authors Index are available in the pdf.
Journal Article
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Based Noise Exposure Levels at Kuwait International Airport (KIA): Assessment and Mitigation Strategies
The article presented data analysis to address the challenge of reducing noise occurrence in the case of neighbourhoods that are close to the airport. A data analytic approach to this challenge is novel and makes contributions in the aspect of future aerospace sciences. This paper studied the noise exposure level of Kuwait International Airport (KIA) using a mathematical model from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and actual data records for the year 2018. Then it specified if the noise restrictions have been fully applied by the airport authority, knowing that these restrictions have been evolved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Moreover, since noise charges have been introduced at numerous airports worldwide, an optimal noise charge policy was determined, taking into consideration meeting the ICAO’s Policies on Charges for Airports and Air Navigation Services. Applying noise charges policy means that if the noise levels produced by aircrafts at the airport at given times specially at night exceeds standard levels identified by ICAO, then a financial penalty will be charged on the airlines companies contributing the most to such high noise levels. Such fine will encourage the airlines companies to reduce their flight frequencies and hence enhance the overall airport environment by reducing the noise levels. Eventually, this research mainly focused on noise level reduction in Kuwait International Airport (KIA) using two methods. First, ensuring adherence to ICAO restrictions and secondly, applying noise charges policy. To better clarify, this paer focused on both folds as follows: to evaluate if the use of noise cancellation fine yields good outcomes as regards noise reduction in the airport environment and to ensure adherence to ICAO restrictions.
Journal Article
An extension of Thwaites’ method for turbulent boundary layers
Thwaites ( Aeronaut. Q. , vol. 1, 1949, pp. 245–280) developed an approximate method for determining the evolution of laminar boundary layers. The approximation follows from an assumption that the growth of a laminar boundary layer in the presence of pressure gradients could be parameterized solely as a function of the Holstein–Bohlen flow parameter, thus reducing the von Kármán momentum integral to a first-order ordinary differential equation. This method is useful for the analysis of laminar flows, and in computational potential flow solvers to account for the viscous effects. In this work, an approximate method for determining the momentum thickness of a two-dimensional, turbulent boundary layer is proposed following Thwaites’ work. It is shown that the method provides good estimates of the momentum thickness for multiple boundary layers, including both favourable and adverse pressure gradient effects, up to the point of separation. In the limit of high Reynolds numbers, it is possible to derive a criterion for the onset of separation from the proposed model, which is shown to be in agreement with prior empirical observations (Alber, 9th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 1971 ). The sensitivity of the separation location with respect to upstream perturbations is also analysed through this model for the NASA/Boeing speed bump and the transonic Bachalo–Johnson bump.
Journal Article
Practical problems of numerical optimization in aerospace sciences
Purpose
The paper aims to apply numerical optimization to the aircraft design procedures applied in the airspace industry.
Design/methodology/approach
It is harder than ever to achieve competitive construction. This is why numerical optimization is becoming a standard tool during the design process. Although optimization procedures are becoming more mature, yet in the industry practice, fairly simple examples of optimization are present. The more complicated is the task to solve, the harder it is to implement automated optimization procedures. This paper presents practical examples of optimization in aerospace sciences. The methodology is discussed in the article in great detail.
Findings
Encountered problems related to the numerical optimization are presented. Different approaches to the solutions of the problems are shown, which have impact on the time of optimization computations and quality of the obtained optimum. Achieved results are discussed in detail with relation to the used settings.
Practical implications
Investigated different aspects of handling optimization problems, improving quality of the obtained optimum or speeding-up optimization by parallel computations can be directly applied in the industry optimization practice. Lessons learned from multidisciplinary optimization can bring industry products to higher level of performance and quality, i.e. more advanced, competitive and efficient aircraft design procedures, which could be applied in the industry practice. This can lead to the new approach of aircraft design process.
Originality/value
Introduction of numerical optimization methods in aircraft design process. Showing how to solve numerical optimization problems related to advanced cases of conceptual and preliminary aircraft design.
Journal Article
Hypersonic Flow Simulation towards Space Propulsion Geometries
This work aims to expand the applicability of an open-source numerical tool to solve hypersonic gas dynamic flows for space propulsion geometries. This is done by validating the code using two well-known hypersonic test cases, the double cone and the hollow cylinder flare, used by the NATO Research and Technology Organization for the validation of hypersonic flight for laminar viscous-inviscid interactions (D. Knight, “RTO WG 10 - Test cases for CFD validation of hypersonic flight,” in 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 2002). The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation is conducted using the two-temperature solver hy2Foam that is capable to study external aerodynamics in re-entry flows. In the present work the assessment of hy2Foam to solve hypersonic complex flow features with strong interactions including non-equilibrium effects was demonstrated. Freestream conditions with stagnation enthalpy of 5.44 MJ/kg and Mach number of 12.2, for the double cone case, and stagnation enthalpy of 5.07 MJ/kg and Mach number of 11.3 for the hollow cylinder case were considered. Comparison with newer existing numerical data and experimental data from LENS XX (Large Energy National Shock Expansion Tunnel Version 2) was also performed. Special attention was taken to the phenomenon of vibrational excitation of the molecules. Different vibrational non-equilibrium models were used and compared with the available data. Hy2Foam showed consistent results, with the vibrational non-equilibrium models reducing the discrepancies between numerical and experimental results.
Journal Article
19th International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology
6-8 APRIL 2021 CAIRO EGYPT The Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt has the pleasure to organize the 19th International Conference on Aerospace Sciences & Aviation Technology (ASAT-19), APR 6 - 8, 2021, Cairo, Egypt, sponsored by the Egyptian Ministry of Defense. The conference provides an academic platform for professionals and re-searchers from research, academia and, industrial sectors involved in Aerospace Science and Aviation Technology to exchange knowledge and gain an insight into the state of the art in the latest technology. Conference program includes 11th scientific sessions and 15th invited talks covering the following topics: • Aerodynamics and Mechanics of flight • Aerospace Combustion and Propulsion • Communications and Networks • Aerospace structures • Aerospace Materials • Remote sensing & image processing • Renewable Energy • Energetic Materials • Aerospace Thermophysics • Guidance, Navigation and Control • Hydraulics and Fluid Power Systems • Unmanned Systems • Multidisciplinary Design Optimization • Wind Energy The (120) full manuscript submitted to the conference secretary, are re-viewed. Just (46) paper have been accepted for suitable publication in the conference. These selected papers will be presented during the conference interval, APR 6 - 8, 2021, in different (11) scientific sessions. In addition to 15 invited talks. Finally, the conference high committee hopes that the conference will achieve its planned mission and would like to acknowledge all contributors, members of the scientific committee and chairmen of the conference session. List of Chairman, Vice Chairman, Conference Rapporteur, Conference Co-Rapporteur, Rapporteur Assistants, Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee are available in this pdf.
Journal Article
An updated Gappy-POD to capture non-parameterized geometrical variation in fluid dynamics problems
In this work, we propose a new method to fill the gap within an incomplete turbulent and incompressible data field in such a way to satisfy the topological and intensity changes of the fluid flow after a non-parameterized geometrical variation in the fluid domain. This work extends the one that has been published as a conference proceeding to the 2018 AIAA Scitech Forum and Exposition (Akkari et al. in Geometrical reduced order modeling (ROM) by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for the incompressible navier stokes equations. In: 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA SciTech Forum, (AIAA 2018-1827), 2018). A single baseline large eddy simulation (LES) is assumed to be performed prior geometrical variations. The proposed method is an enhancement of the Gappy-POD method proposed by Everson and Sirovich in 1995, in the case where the given set of empirical eigenfunctions is not sufficient and is not interpolant for the recovering of the modal coefficients for each Gappy snapshot by a least squares procedure. This happens when the available data cannot be written as an interpolation of the baseline POD modes. This is typically the case when we introduce non-parameterized geometrical modifications in the fluid domain. Here, after the baseline simulation, additional solutions of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solely performed over a restricted fluid domain, that contains the geometrical modifications. These local LESs that we will call hybrid simulations are performed by using the immersed boundary technique, which uses of a fluid boundary condition and the baseline velocity field. Then, we propose to update the POD modes using a local modification of the baseline POD modes in the restricted fluid domain. Furthermore, we will propose a physical correction of the latter enhanced Gappy-POD modal coefficients thanks to a Galerkin projection of the Navier–Stokes equations upon the new modes of the available data. This enhancement procedure on the global velocity reconstruction by the physical constraint was tested on a 3D semi-industrial test case of a typical aeronautical injection system and, a 2D laminar and unsteady incompressible test case. The speed-up relative to this new technique is equal to 100, which allows us to perform an exploration of two new designs of the aeronautical injection system.
Journal Article