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"Anti-imperialism"
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Decolonising International Relations?
How do we 'decolonise' the field of International Relations? The aim to decolonise has become a widely discussed and mentioned subject across the social sciences and humanities. The article aims to discuss what 'decolonisation' might mean in the context of the field of International Relations.
Journal Article
Toward an Anti-Imperialistic Critical Race Analysis of the Model Minority Myth
Over the past three decades, many higher education scholars have engaged in efforts to counter the stereotype that Asian Americans achieve universal and unparalleled academic success. While most of these scholars adopt an anti-oppression approach, some researchers have claimed that this literature reinforces oppressive deficit paradigms. To understand this conflict in existing literature, the current authors utilize an anti-imperialistic approach to analyze scholarship on the model minority myth. The current analysis reveals little evidence that research on the myth reinforced hegemonic deficit thinking. Instead, authors find that scholars largely utilized complex and multifaceted antideficit approaches, challenged dominant essentialist model minority frames, engaged in strategic (anti-)essentialism to navigate complex pan-racial contexts, and reframed the myth to achieve diverse purposes that speak to different audiences. Several implications for conducting critiques of literature reviews and future research on the myth are discussed.
Journal Article
After the empires : the dissolution of foreign powers and the creation of new states in East Asia
\"The shift to the modern world in East Asia was accomplished in part via the experience of colonial rule as Europeans, Americans and Japanese in the late nineteenth century constructed elaborate colonial empires throughout the region. Local reactions included collaboration, resistance and learning--and the latter fed into locally made nationalisms that fuelled popular revolts against foreign rule. When the system went into crisis with numerous wars during the 1930s and 1940s, local nationalists took their chance and lodged claims to independence. As the fighting subsided it became clear that empires were no longer tenable, and independent nation states began to be constructed. Today they form the underlying political structure of the burgeoning region of East Asia\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Tract Warfare
Before the 1931 Colonial Exposition and throughout its six-month run, Vietnamese militants in metropolitan France led an extensive anti-imperialist campaign with the exposition as their focal point. Political ephemera was their primary weapon in the war that erupted between activists who disseminated anti-imperialist texts, the newly-arrived immigrants they sought to recruit, and colonial administrators. This article investigates the role that gender played in the relationship between these groups of men by asking: How did normative ideas related to masculinity and race shape the strategies for the production and dissemination of activist texts? To answer this question, I analyze tracts and papillons, arguing that when Vietnamese militants protested the exposition, they contested dominant visions of masculinity that lay at the heart of the French imperial project.
Journal Article
African Solutions to African Challenges
The current scholarly literature on the international mediation of civil wars draws predominantly on a rationalist-materialist perspective. This perspective suggests that the ticket to mediation success is the material manipulation of the bargaining environment by third parties with a high degree of economic and military resources. I argue that legitimacy also determines outcomes of mediation because if a mediator has legitimacy, it can continue to look for a mutually satisfactory outcome and try to pull the conflict parties toward compliance. I show that legitimacy matters by systematically comparing the effectiveness of African and non-African third parties. African third parties are typically considered ineffective because of a low degree of economic and military capacity. However, they effectively mediate civil wars in Africa because of a high degree of legitimacy, which is a result of a strong conviction within the African society of states that African mediation is the most desirable type in conflicts there. Drawing on data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program supplemented with unique data, which together cover all mediation efforts in Africa between 1960 and 2017, I find quantitative evidence supporting the effectiveness of African third parties. Compared to non-African ones, African third parties are far more likely to conclude negotiated settlements that are more likely to be durable. African third parties are especially effective if the conflict parties are highly committed to the African solutions norm. Theoretically, this study deviates from much of the literature that puts forward solely rationalist-materialist explanations of mediation success. By bringing legitimacy to the forefront, this article supplements the current mediation literature that emphasizes material sources of power and ignores social structures.
Journal Article
The Foreign Policy Rhetoric of Populism: Chavez, Oil, and Anti-imperialism
Populists are often identified based on their behavior, but the discursive element of their identities is also a frequently observed characteristic of this type of leader. We examine the determinants of populist foreign policy rhetoric in the case of Venezuela's Hugo Chavez. We argue that a leftist populist leader such as Chavez will focus on anti-imperialist themes, and we consider two mechanisms that may indicate the conditions under which he will use them: diversion, which would typically be expected from a populist, and capacity. We use time-series analysis of rhetorical data scraped from the entire corpus of Ató Presidente—Chavez's weekly television series—to test our hypotheses. The evidence supports the capacity mechanism, that Chavez is emboldened to use anti-imperialist rhetoric when the price of oil is high. His rhetoric, thus, matches his resources and ability to provide domestic and international goods to support his own identity as a protector and savior of the common people from domestic and global elites engaged in the imperialistic enterprise.
Journal Article