Journal Article

The Foreign Policy Rhetoric of Populism: Chavez, Oil, and Anti-imperialism

Sagarzazu, Iñaki, Thies, Cameron G.

2019

Overview

Populists are often identified based on their behavior, but the discursive element of their identities is also a frequently observed characteristic of this type of leader. We examine the determinants of populist foreign policy rhetoric in the case of Venezuela's Hugo Chavez. We argue that a leftist populist leader such as Chavez will focus on anti-imperialist themes, and we consider two mechanisms that may indicate the conditions under which he will use them: diversion, which would typically be expected from a populist, and capacity. We use time-series analysis of rhetorical data scraped from the entire corpus of Ató Presidente—Chavez's weekly television series—to test our hypotheses. The evidence supports the capacity mechanism, that Chavez is emboldened to use anti-imperialist rhetoric when the price of oil is high. His rhetoric, thus, matches his resources and ability to provide domestic and international goods to support his own identity as a protector and savior of the common people from domestic and global elites engaged in the imperialistic enterprise.

• Publisher: SAGE Publishing,SAGE Publications,SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subject: Anti-imperialism / Chavez, Hugo / Corpus analysis / Economic models / Elites / Foreign policy / Hypotheses / Identity / Imperialism / Left wing politics / Mass media / Petroleum / Populism / Prices / Rhetoric / Self concept / Television / Television programs