Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
2,794
result(s) for
"Apraxia"
Sort by:
279 Apraxia and the temporal lobe in action: a role for biological motion
Limb apraxia is a syndrome that affects the ability to perform skilful actions, despite intact elementary motor and sensory systems. Using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping in a large cohort of 387 stroke patients we determined the neuroanatomy of three tasks traditionally used to study praxis skills in patient populations: these included a meaningless gesture imitation task, a gesture production task involving pantomime of transitive and intransitive gestures and a gesture recognition task, involving recognition of these same categories of gestures. Lesions associated with reduced performance in these tasks involved an integrated network previously described in biological motion, with input areas comprising left pre-striate and occipital regions, left superior temporal sulcus and motor output areas comprising left premotor area, left striatum and the white matter underlying the left primary motor cortex. This study confirms a role for the left hemisphere in limb apraxia and supports the hypothesis it is a white matter disconnection syndrome, whilst shedding new light into the nature of the behavioural deficits described in the disorder comprising parts of an integrated network of brain areas described in biological motion.
Journal Article
Feasibility of external rhythmic cueing with the Google Glass for improving gait in people with Parkinson’s disease
New mobile technologies like smartglasses can deliver external cues that may improve gait in people with Parkinson’s disease in their natural environment. However, the potential of these devices must first be assessed in controlled experiments. Therefore, we evaluated rhythmic visual and auditory cueing in a laboratory setting with a custom-made application for the Google Glass. Twelve participants (mean age = 66.8; mean disease duration = 13.6 years) were tested at end of dose. We compared several key gait parameters (walking speed, cadence, stride length, and stride length variability) and freezing of gait for three types of external cues (metronome, flashing light, and optic flow) and a control condition (no-cue). For all cueing conditions, the subjects completed several walking tasks of varying complexity. Seven inertial sensors attached to the feet, legs and pelvis captured motion data for gait analysis. Two experienced raters scored the presence and severity of freezing of gait using video recordings. User experience was evaluated through a semi-open interview. During cueing, a more stable gait pattern emerged, particularly on complicated walking courses; however, freezing of gait did not significantly decrease. The metronome was more effective than rhythmic visual cues and most preferred by the participants. Participants were overall positive about the usability of the Google Glass and willing to use it at home. Thus, smartglasses like the Google Glass could be used to provide personalized mobile cueing to support gait; however, in its current form, auditory cues seemed more effective than rhythmic visual cues.
Journal Article
Single Session Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Ameliorates Hand Gesture Deficits in Schizophrenia
Abstract
Social interaction is impaired in schizophrenia, including the use of hand gestures, which is linked to poor social perception and outcome. Brain imaging suggests reduced neural activity in a left-lateralized frontoparietal network during gesture preparation; therefore, gesturing might be improved through facilitation of left hemispheric brain areas or via disruption of interhemispheric inhibition from the right homolog. This study tested whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols would improve gesture performance in schizophrenia. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial applied 3 different protocols of rTMS separated by 48 h. Twenty right-handed schizophrenia patients and 20 matched healthy controls received facilitatory intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) over the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), inhibitory continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over right inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and placebo over left IPL in randomized order. Primary outcome was change in the test of upper limb apraxia (TULIA), rated from video recordings of hand gesture performance. Secondary outcome was change in manual dexterity using the coin rotation task. Participants improved on both tasks following rTMS compared with baseline. Only patients improved gesture performance following right IPL cTBS compared with placebo (P = .013). The results of the coin rotation parallel those of the TULIA, with improvements following right IPL cTBS in patients (P = .001). Single sessions of cTBS on the right IPL substantially improved both gesture performance accuracy and manual dexterity. The findings point toward an inhibition of interhemispheric rivalry as a potential mechanism of action.
Journal Article
Approach to Oculomotor Apraxia: A Syndromic Approach to Genetic Causes
Background
Oculomotor apraxia (OMA), the clinical manifestation of impaired voluntary initiation of saccadic eye movements, has long been associated with several disorders and genetic mutations in the literature.
Objectives
The present study aims to review all the disorders and genetic mutations associated with OMA reported in the literature.
Methods
PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for related keywords, and related publications from January 2000 to January 2024 were reviewed.
Results
All the disorders and genetic mutations presented with OMA in the literature were reported. Clinical manifestations of the congenital disorders- particularly members of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias- including Joubert syndrome, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia, ataxia-telangiectasia, and other disorders were discussed, Additionally, the pathophysiology of the genetic mutations in the anatomical pathway of OMA is discussed in this paper.
Conclusions
Most of the cases with OMA present this sign early in their disease course; thus, evaluating the possible differential diagnoses can guide clinicians to a more accurate diagnosis. Understanding the spectrum of disorders and clinical manifestations with OMA also provides valuable insights into further clinic-pathological and genetic evaluations of this clinical manifestation.
Journal Article
Variable Practice to Enhance Speech Learning in Ultrasound Biofeedback Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Single Case Experimental Study
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of practice variability, through prosodic variation during speech sound training, in biofeedback treatment for children with childhood apraxia of speech. It was hypothesized that variable practice would facilitate speech sound learning.
Six children ages 8-16 years with persisting speech sound errors due to childhood apraxia of speech participated in a single-subject experimental design. For each participant, 2 speech sound targets were treated with ultrasound visual feedback training: one with prosodic variation (i.e., practicing sound targets in words and phrases spoken fast, slow, loud, as a question, command, and declarative), and one without prosodic variation. Each target was treated for half of the 1-hr session for 14 treatment sessions.
As measured by standardized effect sizes, all participants showed greater change on generalization probes for sound targets treated under the prosodic variation condition with mean effect sizes (d2) of 14.5 for targets treated with prosodic variation and 8.3 for targets treated without prosodic variation. The average increase in generalization scores was 38% in the prosodic variation condition compared to 31% without.
Ultrasound visual feedback may facilitate speech sound learning and learning may be enhanced by treating speech sounds with explicit prosodic variation.
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5150119.
Journal Article
Progression to corticobasal syndrome: a longitudinal study of patients with nonfluent primary progressive aphasia and primary progressive apraxia of speech
Background and objectives
Nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) can be precursors to corticobasal syndrome (CBS). Details on their progression remain unclear. We aimed to examine the clinical and neuroimaging evolution of nfvPPA and PPAOS into CBS.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study in 140 nfvPPA or PPAOS patients and applied the consensus criteria for possible and probable CBS for every visit, evaluating limb rigidity, akinesia, limb dystonia, myoclonus, ideomotor apraxia, alien limb phenomenon, and nonverbal oral apraxia (NVOA). Given the association of NVOA with AOS, we also modified the CBS criteria by excluding NVOA and assigned every patient to either a progressors or non-progressors group. We evaluated the frequency of every CBS feature by year from disease onset, and assessed gray and white matter volume loss using SPM12.
Results
Asymmetric akinesia, NVOA, and limb apraxia were the most common CBS features that developed; while limb dystonia, myoclonus, and alien limb were rare. Eighty-two patients progressed to possible CBS; only four to probable CBS. nfvPPA and PPAOS had a similar proportion of progressors, although nfvPPA progressed to CBS earlier (
p
-value = 0.046), driven by an early appearance of limb apraxia (
p
-value = 0.0041). The non-progressors and progressors both showed premotor/motor cortex involvement at baseline, with spread into prefrontal cortex over time.
Discussion
An important proportion of patients with nfvPPA and PPAOS progress to possible CBS, while they rarely develop features of probable CBS even after long follow-up.
Journal Article