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Architecture in the age of artificial intelligence : an introduction to AI for architects
Artificial intelligence is everywhere - from the apps on our phones to the algorithms of search engines. Without us noticing, the AI revolution has arrived. But what does this mean for the world of design? The first volume in a two-book series, 'Architecture in the Age of Artificial Intelligence' introduces AI for designers and considers its positive potential for the future of architecture and design. Explaining what AI is and how it works, the book examines how different manifestations of AI will impact the discipline and profession of architecture. Highlighting current case-studies as well as near-future applications, it shows how AI is already being used as a powerful design tool, and how AI-driven information systems will soon transform the design of buildings and cities.
BOOK
VoRtex Metaverse Platform for Gamified Collaborative Learning
Metaverse platforms are becoming an increasingly popular form of collaboration within virtual worlds. Such platforms provide users with the ability to build virtual worlds that can simulate real-life experiences through different social activities. In the paper, we introduce a novel platform that provides assistive tools for building an educational experience in virtual worlds and overcoming the boundaries caused by pandemic situations. Therefore, the authors developed a high-level software architecture and design for a metaverse platform named VoRtex. VoRtex is primarily designed to support collaborative learning activities with the virtual environment. It is designed to support educational standards and it represents an open-source accessible solution developed using modern technology stack and metaverse concepts. For this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the implemented VoRtex prototype and some popular virtual world platforms using Mannien’s matrix. Afterwards, based on the comparison, we evaluated the potential of the chosen virtual world platform and the VoRtex platform for online education. After an interactive demonstration of the VoRtex platform, participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire form. The aim was to enable participants to identify the main advantages of online teaching using the VoRtex platform. Finally, the authors analyzed benefits and disadvantages of collaborative learning between the metaverse platform and real-world classroom sessions.
Journal Article
Architecture in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence is everywhere – from the apps on our phones to the algorithms of search engines. Without us noticing, the AI revolution has arrived. But what does this mean for the world of design? The first volume in a two-book series, Architecture in the Age of Artificial Intelligence introduces AI for designers and considers its positive potential for the future of architecture and design. Explaining what AI is and how it works, the book examines how different manifestations of AI will impact the discipline and profession of architecture. Highlighting current case-studies as well as near-future applications, it shows how AI is already being used as a powerful design tool, and how AI-driven information systems will soon transform the design of buildings and cities. Far-sighted, provocative and challenging, yet rooted in careful research and cautious speculation, this book, written by architect and theorist Neil Leach, is a must-read for all architects and designers – including students of architecture and all design professionals interested in keeping their practice at the cutting edge of technology.
eBook
Multi-channel convolutional neural network architectures for thyroid cancer detection
Early detection of malignant thyroid nodules leading to patient-specific treatments can reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, thyroid specialists use medical images to diagnose then follow the treatment protocols, which have limitations due to unreliable human false-positive diagnostic rates. With the emergence of deep learning, advances in computer-aided diagnosis techniques have yielded promising earlier detection and prediction accuracy; however, clinicians’ adoption is far lacking. The present study adopts Xception neural network as the base structure and designs a practical framework, which comprises three adaptable multi-channel architectures that were positively evaluated using real-world data sets. The proposed architectures outperform existing statistical and machine learning techniques and reached a diagnostic accuracy rate of 0.989 with ultrasound images and 0.975 with computed tomography scans through the single input dual-channel architecture. Moreover, the patient-specific design was implemented for thyroid cancer detection and has obtained an accuracy of 0.95 for double inputs dual-channel architecture and 0.94 for four-channel architecture. Our evaluation suggests that ultrasound images and computed tomography (CT) scans yield comparable diagnostic results through computer-aided diagnosis applications. With ultrasound images obtained slightly higher results, CT, on the other hand, can achieve the patient-specific diagnostic design. Besides, with the proposed framework, clinicians can select the best fitting architecture when making decisions regarding a thyroid cancer diagnosis. The proposed framework also incorporates interpretable results as evidence, which potentially improves clinicians’ trust and hence their adoption of the computer-aided diagnosis techniques proposed with increased efficiency and accuracy.
Journal Article
Metaverse Framework: A Case Study on E-Learning Environment (ELEM)
Metaverse is a vast term that can contain every digital thing in the future. Therefore, life domains, such as learning and education, should have their systems redirected to adopt this topic to keep their availability and longevity. Many papers have discussed the metaverse, the applications to run on, and the historical progress to have the metaverse the way it is today. However, the framework of the metaverse itself is still unclear, and its components cannot be exactly specified. Although E-Learning systems are a need that has developed over the years along with technology, the structures of the available E-Learning systems based on the metaverse are either not well described or are adopted, in their best case, as just a 3D environment. In this paper, we examine some previous works to find out the special technologies that should be provided by the metaverse framework, then we discuss the framework of the metaverse if applied as an E-Learning environment framework. This will make it easy to develop future metaverse-based applications, as the proposed framework will make the virtual learning environments work smoothly on the metaverse. In addition, E-Learning will be a more interactive and pleasant process.
Journal Article
Accurate Key Frame Extraction Algorithm of Video Action for Aerobics Online Teaching
Abstract Due to the current video key frame extraction algorithm is affected by the lens conversion, the extraction accuracy is poor. For this reason, a precise extraction algorithm of video action key frames for online aerobics teaching is studied. According to the color components of the video color RGB space, in order to ensure that the color distance is suitable for human vision. A non-uniform quantized HSV space method is adopted, and a one-dimensional feature vector is introduced to convert the online teaching video of aerobics into a one-dimensional histogram of 72 bins, which realizes the segmentation of video shots and reduces the impact of shot conversion. Sort the gray values of the histogram pixels of the video after the segmentation is completed, and construct the dynamic frames of the aerobics online teaching video. Sequence search constructs the processing dynamic frame, extracts the feature vector of the video sequence, and uses the multi-layer core aggregation algorithm to extract the key frame of the video action according to the extracted feature vector. Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively extract the key frames of aerobics video action, the fidelity of the extracted key frames is higher than 0.9, and the precision and recall are both higher than 99%.
Journal Article
Evaluation Method of Online and Offline Hybrid Teaching Quality of Physical Education Based on Mobile Edge Computing
In order to enhance the hybrid teaching of physical education online and offline, a quality evaluation method for online and offline hybrid teaching based on mobile edge computing is proposed. Through the evaluation target, index, weight of index and evaluation standard, this paper first constructs the quality evaluation index system of hybrid physical education online and offline. Then, factor and cluster analysis on the importance evaluation grade data of each index to simplify the index items are carried out. By combined with the mobile edge calculation, the weights of quality evaluation indexes for hybrid teaching are calculated respectively, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is used to effectively realize the quality evaluation of hybrid physical education online and offline. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the cost and error of quality evaluation for hybrid teaching online and offline, improve the evaluation efficiency, and enhance the quality of online and offline hybrid teaching.
Journal Article
An evaluation of online architectural design studios during COVID-19 outbreak
PurposeWhile the COVID-19 outbreak affects all aspects of life in the world, there is also a global impact in the field of education. Within the scope of the measures to control the epidemic, distance education was started shortly after the starting of the spring semester in all primary and secondary schools and universities. In this process, architectural design courses, which are one of the most fundamental courses of architectural education, started to be held in online studios. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evaluations of architecture students about the online design studio courses carried out during the COVID-19 outbreak.Design/methodology/approachThis research used a qualitative approach to evaluate the ideas of first, second, third and fourth grade students of architectural design studios in the host university. A questionnaire was directed to students in order to see their opinions about the online design studio education.FindingsResults shows that students think the most prominent benefit of online studios appears in the use of digital tools. Another important result is that if they are equipped with the necessary tools and given the chance to realize themselves, students can work efficiently even in the distance education process.Originality/valueThis study is important in terms of learning the expectations of students from the online process and to identify important issues that should be considered for the next semesters. In addition, this study will serve as a basis for comparative evaluation of architectural education during and after the epidemic. In this context, the study will shed light on future academic research.
Journal Article
COVID-19 responsive teaching of undergraduate architecture programs in India: learnings for post-pandemic education
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to have an overview of how Indian institutions offering undergraduate architecture programs have responded to the pandemic situation. It seeks to appraise the alternative approaches adopted for teaching-learning, communication, assignment and evaluation and assess their effectiveness for progressive improvisations or integration with pedagogy. The paper articulates a view on the suitability of online teaching for architecture education in India, on basis of educators' experiences of teaching during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted for obtaining primary data from the educators given the paucity of information. The questions elicited structured information on aspects of the transition process, IT/online platform and tools, the efficacy of online teaching-learning and trajectory of blended learning.FindingsAll institutions managed the transition to online teaching without much difficulty. However, the paper raises the need for professional training and feedback from students. One-third of the respondents express satisfaction with online teaching, despite low satisfaction about the effectiveness of online teaching of a design studio. The results convey the need for more engagement with digital tools and representational software on integrated platforms. The study finds consensus on the future potential of blended learning and advocates developing an integrated framework and curriculum for architecture education in India.Originality/valueThe paper synthesizes viewpoints on online teaching-learning of architecture program in wake of the pandemic from an educators' perspective. The emergent perspectives are viewed dialogically in context of global voices to articulate a future trajectory of blended learning in the domain of architecture education.
Journal Article