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A mixture of polymeric complexes based on the reaction between Re(CO)[sub.5]Cl and the porous polymeric network coming from the coupling of melamine and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxaldehyde was obtained and characterized by FTIR, NMR, SEM, XPS, ICP, XRD, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The formed rhenium-based porous hybrid material reveals a noticeable capability of CO[sub.2] absorption. The gas absorption amount measured at 295 K was close to 44 cm[sup.3]/g at 1 atm. An interesting catalytic activity for CO[sub.2] reduction reaction (CO[sub.2]RR) is observed, resulting in a turn over-number (TON) close to 6.3 under 80 min of test at −1.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl in a TBAPF[sub.6] 0.1 M ACN solution. A possible use as filler in membranes or columns can be envisaged.

The presence of hydroxyl or keto functional group affects both activity and selectivity for dehydrocyclization of C.sub.6 hydrocarbon over Pt/(Na)-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 catalyst. Under similar reaction conditions, n-hexane produces benzene as the primary product (>40 %), whereas dehydration is a major reaction pathway for 2-hexanol and yields mainly hexenes (>70 %). However, 2-hexanone was found to be involved in a variety of reactions over Pt/(Na)-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 catalyst and produces lower hydrocarbons (C.sub.2-C.sub.5), 5-dodecanone, 2- and 5-nonanones, and 2-acetyl-3-propyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one. The presence of hydroxyl (-OH) or keto group (=C=O) at the C-2 position alters the interaction of C.sub.6 hydrocarbon with the catalyst surface which eventually controls the overall product selectivity. Graphical

The presence of hydroxyl or keto functional group affects both activity and selectivity for dehydrocyclization of C.sub.6 hydrocarbon over Pt/(Na)-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 catalyst. Under similar reaction conditions, n-hexane produces benzene as the primary product (>40 %), whereas dehydration is a major reaction pathway for 2-hexanol and yields mainly hexenes (>70 %). However, 2-hexanone was found to be involved in a variety of reactions over Pt/(Na)-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 catalyst and produces lower hydrocarbons (C.sub.2-C.sub.5), 5-dodecanone, 2- and 5-nonanones, and 2-acetyl-3-propyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one. The presence of hydroxyl (-OH) or keto group (=C=O) at the C-2 position alters the interaction of C.sub.6 hydrocarbon with the catalyst surface which eventually controls the overall product selectivity.

The presence of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene) compounds in beauty salons has raised concerns about potential health risks. This study aimed to measure the levels of BTEX compounds in the air of beauty salons in Lahijan, Iran and assess the associated health risks. Air samples were collected from 15 beauty salons, and the concentrations of BTEX compounds were measured according to 1501 NIOSH standard method. The results showed that the mean concentrations of benzene (20.62 µg/m 3 ), toluene (18.3 µg/m 3 ), ethylbenzene (38.36 µg/m 3 ), and O and P-xylene (27.35, 23.6 µg/m 3 ) were above the recommended levels. The indoor to outdoor ratios for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, O and P-xylene were 3.04, 2.36, 3.75, 4.89, and 6.54, respectively. Also, the toluene/benzene (T/B) ratio in indoor and outdoor was 20.9 and 2.68 respectively. Almost half of the technicians (49.12%) reported adverse health effects, including joint pain, itchy eyes and nose, and respiratory allergies. The IARC guideline suggests that there is a potential risk of cancer development for individuals in all salons with LCR values exceeding 10 −6 , but the HQ index values indicate no non-carcinogenic risk. The findings suggest that beauty salon workers and customers are at risk of developing health problems from exposure to BTEX compounds. Effective risk management strategies, such as proper ventilation, use of personal protective equipment, and substitution of harmful chemicals with safer alternatives, to minimize exposure and protect the health of salon workers and customers recommended.

this study investigates the health risks and cytotoxicity associated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from non-incineration devices used in hospital waste management. The research focuses on the levels of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) across four hospitals in Tehran, Iran, during the period from October 2022 to March 2023. BTEX concentrations were measured using Gas Chromatography (GC), and cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay on A549 cells.Results revealed that toluene was the most abundant BTEX compound, with concentrations ranging from 69.30 to 136.68 µg/m 2 , followed by m- and p-xylene. Benzene concentrations were notably lower, ranging from 7.32 to 34.80 µg/m 2 . Hazard quotient (HQ) assessments indicated a lower health risk in hospitals A and D, while hospitals B and C showed HQ values exceeding one, signifying higher potential risks. The study also demonstrated significant cytotoxicity across all hospital waste treatment devices, with the highest cytotoxicity observed in samples from autoclaves equipped with shredders, likely due to the presence of pharmaceutical waste.The findings highlight the necessity for stringent monitoring and regulation of VOC emissions from non-incineration devices to mitigate potential health risks, emphasizing the importance of effective waste management practices in healthcare facilities. This study contributes valuable insights for developing new policies and strategies to reduce the negative environmental and health impacts of hospital waste management.

In this study, composite materials based on nanocrystalline anatase TiO[sub.2] doped with nitrogen and bismuth tungstate are synthesized using a hydrothermal method. All samples are tested in the oxidation of volatile organic compounds under visible light to find the correlations between their physicochemical characteristics and photocatalytic activity. The kinetic aspects are studied both in batch and continuous-flow reactors, using ethanol and benzene as test compounds. The Bi[sub.2]WO[sub.6]/TiO[sub.2]-N heterostructure enhanced with Fe species efficiently utilizes visible light in the blue region and exhibits much higher activity in the degradation of ethanol vapor than pristine TiO[sub.2]-N. However, an increased activity of Fe/Bi[sub.2]WO[sub.6]/TiO[sub.2]-N can have an adverse effect in the degradation of benzene vapor. A temporary deactivation of the photocatalyst can occur at a high concentration of benzene due to the fast accumulation of non-volatile intermediates on its surface. The formed intermediates suppress the adsorption of the initial benzene and substantially increase the time required for its complete removal from the gas phase. An increase in temperature up to 140 °C makes it possible to increase the rate of the overall oxidation process, and the use of the Fe/Bi[sub.2]WO[sub.6]/TiO[sub.2]-N composite improves the selectivity of oxidation compared to pristine TiO[sub.2]-N.

The temperature dependences of vapour pressures for some mono- and di-halogenated anisoles were established using the transpiration method. The solution calorimetry-based approach was used to determine the vaporization/sublimation enthalpies of chlorine- and iodine-substituted anisoles. The enthalpies of fusion of 2,3-di-chloro-anisole and 4-iodo-anisole were measured using differential scanning calorimetry. The literature thermochemical data for halogen-substituted anisoles (with halogen = F, Cl, Br, and I) and new results were evaluated using \"structure-property\" correlations and quantum-chemical calculations. The G* quantum chemical methods were validated for reliable estimation of the enthalpies of formation of substituted for halogen-substituted anisoles in the gaseous state. The evaluated thermodynamic data were used for designing the \"centrepiece\" method for assessment of enthalpies of vaporization and enthalpies of formation for halogen-substituted anisoles.

Background and Objectives Tegoprazan is one of the potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs). It exhibits its anti-secretory effects by competitively and reversibly blocking the availability of K + of the H + , K + -ATPase. This study was designed to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of tegoprazan in healthy Chinese subjects. Methods Thirty-eight healthy Chinese subjects were recruited in this randomized, single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, with a single ascending dose of 50, 100, 200 mg and a multiple dose of 100 mg for 10 days. The plasma concentration of tegoprazan was determined by a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method. Pharmacokinetics were evaluated via non-compartmental and compartmental model analysis. Safety was assessed by physical examinations, vital signs, clinical laboratory tests, and electrocardiograms. Results No serious adverse event was observed in this study. After single-dose administration (50, 100 and 200 mg), tegoprazan was rapidly absorbed with a median maximum measure plasma concentration ( T max ) at 0.5 h and declined with a terminal (elimination) half-life ( t 1/2 ) of 3.87–4.57 h. The maximum measured plasma concentration ( C max ) for tegoprazan was 813.80, 1494.60 and 2829.00 ng/mL. Meanwhile, the corresponding area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC 0−inf ) was 2761.00, 5980.05 and 11,044.72 ng∙h/mL in 50, 100, 200 mg group, respectively. Dose-dependent increase was observed in the value of C max and AUC after administration of tegoprazan 50 to 200 mg. The two-compartment model well described the pharmacokinetic profile of tegoprazan. In the steady state, no accumulation was found after repeated administration at the 100-mg dose level. No experimental differences were found based on gender. Conclusions Tegoprazan was well tolerated in the dose range of 50–200 mg in single- and 100 mg in multiple-dose studies. Tegoprazan shows dose linearity with oral administration after a single dose of 50 to 200 mg and less drug accumulation after 10 days of continuous administration in 100 mg.

This case-control study aimed to investigate the health risks faced by university professors as a result of using whiteboard markers. The study included 30 professors who used the whiteboard markers for teaching and 20 professors who used other teaching aids. Samples of urine and breathing air were collected from the participants, and then analyzed in the laboratory using gas chromatography (GC) to measure the concentrations of BTEX compounds. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of these compounds were assessed using a probabilistic method. The mean concentrations (ug/L) of compounds in the urine differed significantly ( p  < 0.05) between the case and control groups for benzene (82.59 vs. 65.36), toluene (128.47 vs. 85.65), and ethylbenzene (9.09 vs. 25.16). The mean lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) for benzene (8.27 × 10 −8 ) and ethylbenzene (9.38 × 10 −8 ) as well as the non-carcinogenic risk of all compounds in the control group were below the acceptable limit. Due to the higher concentration of compounds in the urine of the case group compared to the control group, it is essential to utilize alternative teaching methods in educational settings instead of traditional whiteboards and chemical markers.

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) concentrations were measured in beauty salons (BS) and in the urine of the beauty practitioners and a control group. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of BTEX were measured in 36 randomly selected salons. Before- and after-shift urinary BTEX were measured from one female non-smoker employee in each salon, and repeated three times. Clinical symptoms in that beautician were assessed by a physician. Thirty-six unexposed women were included as the control group. Cancer and non-cancer risks of exposure were assessed using deterministic and stochastic methods. Average indoor concentrations of BTEX were higher than those in the ambient air. Urinary BTEX concentrations in the beauty practitioners were significantly higher than in the control group. Linear regression showed that 77% of urinary benzene and toluene variations can be explained by their airborne concentrations. A positive significant relationship was found between age and urinary BTEX concentrations. Although the BTEX cancer and non-cancer risks were not significant, BTEX led to irritation of the eyes, throat, lung, and nose. In addition, toluene caused menstrual disorders among beauty practitioners. These results suggest that it is essential to decrease the exposure of beauty practitioners to BTEX compounds.