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An improved and practical route is reported here for accessing 3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)aniline ( 1 ), a key intermediate of hexaflumuron. The overall yield for the preparation of 1 is 74.0%, with a purity of 99.7%, after a one-pot process with catalytic hydrogenation and Bamberger rearrangement and a greener addition reaction in a continuous flow reactor. Compared with the original process route, the new synthetic route has the advantages of fewer reaction steps, higher overall yield, less process safety hazard and environmental impact.

This article takes an actor-centred approach to the history of internationalism by considering how individuals navigated the liberal/socialist divide in national contexts, how and whether this mapped onto their internationalist activity, and the significance of the international as a sphere of activity. The article focuses on four important Jewish political figures - Victor Basch, Ernesto Nathan, Paul Nathan and Herbert Samuel - offering a comparative survey of fin-de-siècle politics at the interface between liberalism and socialism in France, Italy, Germany and Britain. Whereas the nineteenth century saw a distinction between the secular internationalism of Jewish socialists and the international Jewish activism of liberal nationalists, twentieth-century Jewish internationalism enabled cross-fertilisation between these currents. The Jewishness of the protagonists foregrounds the balance between the cognitive and structural determinants of political behaviour in national contexts, and in the international arena, with implications for our understanding of liberalism and socialism as international phenomena.

ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ binary oxide was prepared by homogeneous coprecipitation method. SO₄ ²⁻/ZrO₂ and SO₄ ²⁻/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ were prepared by impregnation method and were characterized by BET, XRD and TPD. Pt/ZrO₂ was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of ZrO₂ with an aqueous solution of H₂PtCl₆. Subsequently, hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to para-aminophenol over Pt/ZrO₂ catalyst and SO₄ ²⁻/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ solid acid using water as solvent was performed. The results indicate that para-aminophenol as well as a small quantity of aniline and ortho-aminophenol are obtained without using any environmentally undesirable liquid acid. The para-aminophenol selectivity reaches to 74.9% with 44.8% of nitrobenzene conversion under the optimal reaction conditions. And the amount of Al₂O₃ in SO₄ ²⁻/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ has great influence on the selectivity to para-aminophenol. Graphical Abstract Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to para-aminophenol over Pt/ZrO2 catalyst andSO₄ ²⁻/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ solid acid was developed. The results indicate that para-aminophenol as well as a small quantity of aniline and ortho-aminophenol are obtained without using any environmentally undesirable liquid acid. The para-aminophenol selectivity reaches to 74.9 with 44.8% of nitrobenzene conversion under the optimal reaction conditions. And the amount of Al₂O₃ in SO₄ ²⁻/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ has great influence on the selectivity to para-aminophenol. [graphic removed]

\"Oh god, RIP [Karl Von-Bamberger] von Bamberger, such awful news,\" added Tyson Wray.

(A) Musculoskeletal ultrasound demonstrated an echogenic irregular focus above the surface of the distal femoral bone with distal acoustic shadowing (longitudinal scan). Table 1 Differential diagnosis of periostitis Diseases associated with periostitis Predominant location of periostitis Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy Distal diaphysis of long bones and metacarpal joints Psoriatic onycho-pachydermo periostitis Terminal phalanx Psoriatic arthritis Phalanges of fingers and toes Reiter's syndrome Phalanges of fingers and toes Athletic overuse (running, jumping) Upper and lower extremities Ossifying fasciitis Variable Periostitis ossificans Variable Polyarteritis nodosa Lower extremities Systemic lupus erythematosus Variable Facial infections Mandibule, orbita Florid reactive periostitis Phalanges of hands and feet Osteoblastoma Variable Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (Nora's tumour) Bones of the hands and feet Chondrosarcoma Variable Treatment with interleukin 11 Clavicle, long bones Osteomyelitis Variable Chronic leg ulcers Tibia SAPHO syndrome Variable Non-small lung cell cancer is the most common malignancy associated with both Pierre-Marie-Bamberger's syndrome and cutaneous vasculitis. 4, 5 However, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is more common (4.9% in one study) than paraneoplastic vasculitis in patients with lung cancer. 6, 7 Differential diagnosis includes polyarteritis nodosa and systemic lupus erythematosus; both have been associated with periosteal reactions and vasculitis in anecdotal reports. 8, 9, 10 However, as demonstrated by our case, computed tomography of the lung should be performed in the presence of unexplained vasculitis or periostitis, or both, even if standard chest radiography of the lung shows no pathological findings.

With the rapid advancement of technology in the photographic industry, more photographers than ever (willingly or in response to this shift) are replacing their darkroom-based facilities with digital ones. This technological shift has changed the focus of the artmaking process in that photographers now spend more time editing their photographs with Photoshop than finding a \"perfect\" scene. The ability to conveniently modify photographs after shooting them has created a new style of photography: digital-synthesized, or combinations of different pieces of images in one. Artists/photographers who use digital tools have certain messages that they can convey only through the digital-synthesized style. Examining an artist's worldview allows a body of digital photography to be cherished for its important message, and not simply an impressive application of visual editing skills. In this article, the author cites contemporary photographer Tom Bamberger's photographic project \"Cultured Landscapes\" as an example of how one can understand a body of digital-synthesized work, beginning with an investigation of the artist's worldview. The information about Bamberger and his work is mostly based on an interview the author conducted with the artist on July 7, 2006, in his Milwaukee studio. The author also referred to Bamberger's artist statement, as well as critics' evaluation of his work. (Contains 3 figures.)

The company's roots date back to 1854 when John Redpath established the first sugar factory in Montreal. In 1930, Redpath Sugar merged with Canada Sugar Refining Company Limited of Chatham, Ontario. The factory was built on the Toronto waterfront in the late 1950s and today, the Redpath logo still reflects its founder's actual signature and is the country's oldest continuously used food trademark. \"To demonstrate our rich history on the waterfront and our love for Toronto, we developed a video that illustrates our beginnings here and how the waterfront has changed so much over the years,\" said Jonathan Bamberger, President of Redpath Sugar. \"We specifically constructed the factory here in 1959 because of the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway to larger ships and to target the food processing hub growing in southern Ontario. That hub is now one of the largest in North America.\"

Dan Arnon, Bob Whatley, Mary Belle Allen, and their colleagues, were the first to obtain evidence for `complete photosynthesis by isolated chloroplasts' albeit at rates which were 1% or less of those displayed by the intact leaf. By the 1960s, partly in the hope of confirming full functionality, there was a perceived need to raise these rates to the same order of magnitude as those displayed by the parent tissue. A nominal figure of 100 μmol/mgchlorophyll/h (CO^sub 2^ assimilated or O^sub 2^ evolved) became a target much sought after. This article describes the contributions that Dick Jensen and Al Bassham [(1966) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 56: 1095-1101], and my colleagues and I, made to the achievement of this goal and the way in which it led to a better understanding of the role of inorganic phosphate in its relation to the movement of metabolites across chloroplast envelopes.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]