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[...]leading up to the amendments, Attorney General Francis Biddle raised concerns that excessive FCA suits were harming war efforts by draining government resources, diminishing government recovery, and forcing the government to make hasty decisions regarding whether it would prosecute civil actions. According to Biddle, effective law enforcement required that the attorney general have complete control over any litigation involving the United States. [...]the 1943 amendments cut in half the amount of the recovery that qui tam relators could receive, slashing what had previously been an award equal to 50% of the government' recovery to 25%. [...]the 1986 amendments also added the public disclosure bar, which bars relators from bringing claims based on information that is already publicly accessible.

The Battle over the Charter of the Second Bank of the United States and Its Lasting Impact on the American Economy Late one night in July 1832,Martin Van Buren rushed to the White House where he found an ailing President Andrew Jackson weakened but resolute.Thundering against his political antagonists, Jackson bellowed: \"The Bank, Mr.

[...]I found the book to be informative, well balanced, easy to read, and likely to be a helpful reference for years to come. [...]these cases have avoided the thorny problem of exactly how to measure the total value that all patents on a given standard contribute to a given product. [...]patent disclosure rates to standards bodies would likely increase. [...]even the subjective process in TCL will not be possible for many cases.

Reasonable Royalties, a chapter authored by seven esteemed law professors in Patent Remedies and Complex Products: Toward a Global Consensus, provides a wide-ranging analysis of a complicated topic.1 Directed to patent specialists, this work offers proposals for substantive change aimed toward worldwide adoption. several of these ideas might require significant judicial oversight, or, alternatively, that legal authorities reformulate existing law. Because of their complexity, many of these proposals are implementable in jurisdictions where damages are set by the court. Where juries are assigned that role, a reexamination of their part in that process is necessary.

Patent Remedies and Complex Products: Toward a Global Consensus (C. Bradford Biddle et al. eds., 2019)

Patent Remedies and Complex Products: Toward a Global Consensus comprises a laudable and impressive effort to examine the underpinnings of patent remedies and how these remedies should be applied in our world of ever more advanced multicomponent products. This Comment provides some reactions to and amplifications of the valuable contributions of Patent Remedies and Complex Products from the perspective of U.S. patent and antitrust litigation. More specifically, this Comment focuses on several critical aspects of the calculation of reasonable royalties and injunctive relief, particularly as to standard-essential patents (SEPs).

This article offers reasons for significant pessimism about the prospects for success in adopting an indirect approach to deterring terrorist threats in fragile and civil war–prone states. Individual case studies and comprehensive statistical analyses suggest US security force assistance (SFA) correlates with deterrence failures—the onset of civil wars in partner states, which allow for inroads and safe havens for terrorist organizations—and increased partner-state repression of targeted population groups. In short, SFA is an ineffective means of shoring up partner stability, inhibiting civil war, and deterring terrorists. Worse yet, SFA risks leaving partner states more susceptible to intrastate war, and the US more susceptible to terrorist threats to its interests abroad, than they would have if the US had done nothing at all.

According to Helen Longino, objectivity is necessarily social as it depends on critical interactions in community. Justin Biddle argues that Longino's account presupposes individuals that are completely open to any criticism; as such individuals are in principle able to criticise their beliefs on their own, Longino's account is not really social. In the first part of my paper I argue that even for completely open individuals, criticism for maintaining objectivity is only possible in community. In the second part I question Biddle's interpretation of Longino's conception of the individual. I conclude that objectivity as Longino describes it is necessarily social. Según Helen Longino, la objetividad es necesariamente social puesto que depende de interacciones críticas en una comunidad. Justin Biddle defiende que la explicación de Longino presupone individuos que están enteramente abiertos a cualquier crítica; y, puesto que estos individuos son en principio capaces de someter a crítica sus creencias por sí mismos, la explicación de Longino no es realmente social. En la primera parte de mi artículo defiendo que incluso para individuos enteramente abiertos, la crítica para el mantenimiento de la objetividad solo es posible en una comunidad. En la segunda parte pongo en cuestión la interpretación de Biddle sobre la concepción del individuo de Longino. Concluyo que la objetividad, tal y como la describe Longino, es necesariamente social.

Urstadt Biddle Properties (UBP) provides a retail stomping ground for suburbanites. A self-administered real estate investment trust (REIT), the company invests in and operates commercial real estate, primarily neighborhood and community shopping centers in the Northeast. Its target markets include Connecticut's Fairfield County, New York's Westchester and Putnam counties, and New Jersey's Bergen County. UBP owns a growing portfolio of about 80 properties with approximately 5 million square feet of space. Tenants include drugstore chain CVS, off-price retailer TJX, and the Stop & Shop supermarket chain. The REIT also owns a handful of office properties and bank branches.