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This textbook presents fundamental machine learning concepts in an easy to understand manner by providing practical advice, using straightforward examples, and offering engaging discussions of relevant applications. The main topics include Bayesian classifiers, nearest-neighbor classifiers, linear and polynomial classifiers, decision trees, neural networks, and support vector machines. Later chapters show how to combine these simple tools by way of \"boosting,\" how to exploit them in more complicated domains, and how to deal with diverse advanced practical issues. One chapter is dedicated to the popular genetic algorithms. This revised edition contains three entirely new chapters on critical topics regarding the pragmatic application of machine learning in industry. The chapters examine multi-label domains, unsupervised learning and its use in deep learning, and logical approaches to induction as well as Inductive Logic Programming. Numerous chapters have been expanded, and the presentation of the material has been enhanced. The book contains many new exercises, numerous solved examples, thought-provoking experiments, and computer assignments for independent work.

The brain–computer interface (BCI) is an emerging technology that has the potential to revolutionize the world, with numerous applications ranging from healthcare to human augmentation. Electroencephalogram (EEG) motor imagery (MI) is among the most common BCI paradigms that have been used extensively in smart healthcare applications such as post-stroke rehabilitation and mobile assistive robots. In recent years, the contribution of deep learning (DL) has had a phenomenal impact on MI-EEG-based BCI. In this work, we systematically review the DL-based research for MI-EEG classification from the past ten years. This article first explains the procedure for selecting the studies and then gives an overview of BCI, EEG, and MI systems. The DL-based techniques applied in MI classification are then analyzed and discussed from four main perspectives: preprocessing, input formulation, deep learning architecture, and performance evaluation. In the discussion section, three major questions about DL-based MI classification are addressed: (1) Is preprocessing required for DL-based techniques? (2) What input formulations are best for DL-based techniques? (3) What are the current trends in DL-based techniques? Moreover, this work summarizes MI-EEG-based applications, extensively explores public MI-EEG datasets, and gives an overall visualization of the performance attained for each dataset based on the reviewed articles. Finally, current challenges and future directions are discussed.

The study of big data analytics (BDA) methods for the data-driven industries is gaining research attention and implementation in today’s industrial activities, business intelligence, and rapidly changing the perception of industrial revolutions. The uniqueness of big data and BDA has created unprecedented new research calls to solve data generation, storage, visualization, and processing challenges. There are significant gaps in knowledge for researchers and practitioners on the right information and BDA tools to extract knowledge in large significant industrial data that could help to handle big data formats. Notwithstanding various research efforts and scholarly studies that have been proposed recently on big data analytic processes for industrial performance improvements. Comprehensive review and systematic data-driven analysis, comparison, and rigorous evaluation of methods, data sources, applications, major challenges, and appropriate solutions are still lacking. To fill this gap, this paper makes the following contributions: presents an all-inclusive survey of current trends of BDA tools, methods, their strengths, and weaknesses. Identify and discuss data sources and real-life applications where BDA have potential impacts. Other main contributions of this paper include the identification of BDA challenges and solutions, and future research prospects that require further attention by researchers. This study provides an insightful recommendation that could assist researchers, industrial practitioners, big data providers, and governments in the area of BDA on the challenges of the current BDA methods, and solutions that would alleviate these challenges.

In the era of \"Internet plus,\" the world economy is becoming more and more globalized and informationalized. China's enterprises are facing unprecedented opportunities for their operation and development. However, it is also facing the financial uncertainties brought about by the fluctuations of the general economic environment, and the company is facing increasing financial risks. The reason why most enterprises encounter a serious financial crisis or even close down in the later stage is that they do not pay full attention to the initial financial problems and do not take effective measures to deal with the crisis in time. Financial risk warning has become an important part of modern enterprise financial management. This paper mainly puts forward the optimized BP neural system as the financial early warning model and ensures its high prediction accuracy. In the research, the operation principle and related reasoning process of the model are described, its shortcomings are analyzed, and solutions are put forward. Through the financial risk analysis of listed companies from 2017 to 2020, we find that the correct rate of the prediction results of the financial distress of normal companies in the selected companies based on the optimized BPNN has reached more than 80%, which proves the effectiveness of the optimized BPNN.

With the rapid development of information technology, the conception of smart healthcare has progressively come to the fore. Smart healthcare utilizes next-generation technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data and cloud computing to transform intelligently the existing medical system-making it more efficient, more reliable, and personalized. In this work, skin data are collected using dedicated hardware from mobile health units-working as nodes. The collected samples are uploaded to the cloud for further processing using a novel multi-modal information fusion framework, which performs skin lesion segmentation, followed by classification. The proposed framework has two main functional blocks: Segmentation and classification. In each block, we have a performance booster, which works on the principle of information fusion. For lesion segmentation, a hybrid framework is proposed, which utilizes the complementary strengths of two convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures to generate the segmented images. The resultant binary images are later fused using joint probability distribution and marginal distribution function. For lesion classification, a 30-layered CNN architecture is designed, which is trained on the HAM10000 dataset. A novel summation discriminant correlation analysis technique is used to fuse the extracted features from two fully connected layers. To avoid feature redundancy, a feature selection method “Regular Falsi” is developed, which down samples the extracted features into the lower dimensions. The selected features are finally classified using an extreme learning machine classifier. Five skin benchmark datasets (ISBI2016, ISIC2017, ISBI2018, ISIC2019, and HAM10000) are used to evaluate both segmentation and classification frameworks using average accuracy, false-negative rate, sensitivity, and computational time, whose results are impressive compared to state-of-the-art methods.

PurposeThe study examines how firms may transform big data analytics (BDA) into a sustainable competitive advantage and enhance business performance using BDA. Furthermore, this study identifies various resources and sub-capabilities that contribute to BDA capability.Design/methodology/approachUsing classic grounded theory (GT), resource-based theory and dynamic capability (DC), the authors conducted interviews, which involved an exploratory inductive process. Through a continuous iterative process between the collection, analysis and comparison of data, themes and their relationships appeared. The literature was used as part of the data set in the later phases of data collection and analysis to identify how the study’s findings fit with the extant literature and enrich the emerging concepts and their relationships.FindingsThe data analysis led to developing a conceptual model of BDA capability that described how BDA contributes to firm performance through the mediated impact of organizational learning (OL). The findings indicate that BDA capability is incomplete in the absence of BDA capability dimensions and their sub-dimensions, and expected advancement will not be achieved.Research limitations/implicationsThe research offers insights on how BDA is converted into an enterprise-wide initiative, by extending the BDA capability model and describing the role of per dimension in constructing the capability. In addition, the paper provides managers with insights regarding the ways in which BDA capability continuously contributes to OL, fosters organizational knowledge and organizational abilities to sense, seize and reconfigure data and knowledge to grab digital opportunities in order to sustain competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis article is the first exploratory research using GT to identify how data-driven firms obtain and sustain BDA competitive advantage, beyond prior studies that employed mostly a hypothetico-deductive stance to investigate BDA capability. While the authors discovered various dimensions of BDA capability and identified several factors, some of the prior related studies showed some of the dimensions as formative factors (e.g. Lozada et al., 2019; Mikalef et al., 2019) and some other research depicted the different dimensions of BDA capability as reflective factors (e.g. Wamba and Akter, 2019; Ferraris et al., 2019). Thus, it was found necessary to correctly define different dimensions and their contributions, since formative and reflective models represent various approaches to achieving the capability. In this line, the authors used GT, as an exploratory method, to conceptualize BDA capability and the mechanism that it contributes to firm performance. This research introduces new capability dimensions that were not examined in prior research. The study also discusses how OL mediates the impact of BDA capability on firm performance, which is considered the hidden value of BDA capability.

Despite the publicity regarding big data and analytics (BDA), the success rate of these projects and strategic value created from them are unclear. Most literature on BDA focuses on how it can be used to enhance tactical organizational capabilities, but very few studies examine its impact on organizational value. Further, we see limited framing of how BDA can create strategic value for the organization. After all, the ultimate success of any BDA project lies in realizing strategic business value, which gives firms a competitive advantage. In this study, we describe the value proposition of BDA by delineating its components. We offer a framing of BDA value by extending existing frameworks of information technology value, then illustrate the framework through BDA applications in practice. The framework is then discussed in terms of its ability to study constructs and relationships that focus on BDA value creation and realization. We also present a problem-oriented view of the framework-where problems in BDA components can give rise to targeted research questions and areas for future study. The framing in this study could help develop a significant research agenda for BDA that can better target research and practice based on effective use of data resources.

In most regions of the world, tuberculosis (TB) is classified as a malignant infectious disease that can be fatal. Using advanced tools and technology, automatic analysis and classification of chest X-rays (CXRs) into TB and non-TB can be a reliable alternative to the subjective assessment performed by healthcare professionals. Thus, in the study, we propose an automatic TB detection system using advanced deep learning (DL) models. A significant portion of a CXR image is dark, providing no information for diagnosis and potentially confusing DL models. Therefore, in the proposed system, we use sophisticated segmentation networks to extract the region of interest from multimedia CXRs. Then, segmented images are fed into the DL models. For the subjective assessment, we use explainable artificial intelligence to visualize TB-infected parts of the lung. We use different convolutional neural network (CNN) models in our experiments and compare their classification performance using three publicly available CXR datasets. EfficientNetB3, one of the CNN models, achieves the highest accuracy of 99.1%, with a receiver operating characteristic of 99.9%, and an average accuracy of 98.7%. Experiment results confirm that using segmented lung CXR images produces better performance than does using raw lung CXR images.

Social data analytics have become a vital asset for organizations and governments. For example, over the last few years, governments started to extract knowledge and derive insights from vastly growing open data to personalize the advertisements in elections, improve government services, predict intelligence activities, as well as to improve national security and public health. A key challenge in analyzing social data is to transform the raw data generated by social actors into curated data, i.e., contextualized data and knowledge that is maintained and made available for use by end-users and applications. To address this challenge, we present the notion of knowledge lake, i.e., a contextualized Data Lake, to provide the foundation for big data analytics by automatically curating the raw social data and to prepare them for deriving insights. We present a social data curation foundry, namely DataSynapse, to enable analysts engage with social data to uncover hidden patterns and generate insight. In DataSynapse, we present a scalable algorithm to transform social items (e.g., a Tweet in Twitter) into semantic items, i.e., contextualized and curated items. This algorithm offers customizable feature extraction to harness desired features from diverse data sources. To link contextualized information items to the domain knowledge, we present a scalable technique which leverages cross document coreference resolution assisting analysts to derive targeted insights. DataSynapse is offered as an extensible and scalable microservice-based architecture that are publicly available on GitHub supporting networks such as Twitter, Facebook, GooglePlus and LinkedIn. We adopt a typical scenario for analyzing urban social issues from Twitter as it relates to the government budget, to highlight how DataSynapse significantly improves the quality of extracted knowledge compared to the classical curation pipeline (in the absence of feature extraction, enrichment and domain-linking contextualization).

This paper aims to clarify the problem of Supply Chain Management (SCM) efficiency in the context of universal theoretical reflections relating to SCM and analyze the correlation between Big Data Analytics and the efficiency and performance of the supply chain. An adequate SCM has to be cost-effective (economic efficiency), functional (reducing processes, minimizing the number of links in the SCM to the necessary ones), and ensuring high quality of services and products (customer-oriented logistics systems). The efficiency of SCM is not only an activity for which the logistics department is in charge, as it is a strategic decision taken by the management regarding the method offuture company operation. Correctly organized and fulfilled logistics tasks may advance the performance of an organization and the whole SCM. Essential enhancements in SCM efficiency may be ensured by analyzing theoretical models on the strategic level and implementing a selected concept.