Explore the vast range of titles available.

In Africa, about 70 percent of the total population still lives without electricity. Significant resources are needed to meet the gap. Demand-side management is crucial to curb the increasing demand even in developing countries. A traditional approach is to raise prices, but promoting energy-efficient products such as compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) bulbs is also a win-win proposition. While end-users can reduce their spending, power utilities can avoid costly investments in new generation capacity. This paper estimates the effects of progressive pricing as well as CFL distribution program in Ethiopia. It is found that the increasing block tariff structure reduced the demand: the price elasticity is estimated at 0.29. This is particularly useful to influence large-volume users, who are presumably the rich. The CFL program is also found effective to contain the electricity demand. The estimated impact is about 45 kWh per customer. This is significant energy savings particularly for low-volume users.

Testicular function is modified by maturational gonadostatic control highly susceptible to negative physiologic niche-altering factors like UV-rays. This study was performed in order to uncover new aspects of Compact Florescent Lamps (CFLs) induced damages on the testicular tissue of rats and evaluating the effect of curcumin on testis of rats after exposure to compact florescent Lamps. Twenty-four adult male Albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (ethyl oleate 0.2 ml, IP, for 45 days, without CFLs exposure), fluorescent group (ethyl oleate 0.2 ml, IP, daily and treated with 12 hr CFLs exposure for 45 days) and curcumin group (curcumin 20 µ M, IP along with 12 hr CFLs exposure for 45 days). The rats were anesthetized at the end of the experiment. Gonadotropin hormones and prolactin levels were measured; Histopathological and histomorphometrical analysis of the testis was carried out. Results of this study showed that CFLs significantly decreased serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, testicular weight, sperm motility, TDI, and SPI. Furthermore, CFLs had no effect on serum levels of luteinizing hormone and sperm count and also, increased abnormal sperm shapes. Our results also showed that curcumin supplementation following CFLs reversed these alterations. These results strongly suggest that CFLs severely impairs testis while curcumin as an antioxidant had protective effects on undesirable effects in testis induced by CFLs.

Accounting for 10% of the electricity consumption in the US, artificial lighting represents one of the easiest ways to cut household energy bills and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by upgrading to energy-efficient technologies such as compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and light emitting diodes (LED). However, given the high initial cost and rapidly improving trajectory of solid-state lighting today, estimating the right time to switch over to LEDs from a cost, primary energy, and GHG emissions perspective is not a straightforward problem. This is an optimal replacement problem that depends on many determinants, including how often the lamp is used, the state of the initial lamp, and the trajectories of lighting technology and of electricity generation. In this paper, multiple replacement scenarios of a 60 watt-equivalent A19 lamp are analyzed and for each scenario, a few replacement policies are recommended. For example, at an average use of 3 hr day−1 (US average), it may be optimal both economically and energetically to delay the adoption of LEDs until 2020 with the use of CFLs, whereas purchasing LEDs today may be optimal in terms of GHG emissions. In contrast, incandescent and halogen lamps should be replaced immediately. Based on expected LED improvement, upgrading LED lamps before the end of their rated lifetime may provide cost and environmental savings over time by taking advantage of the higher energy efficiency of newer models.

This article is focused on considerations based on experimental studies concerning changes of selected parameters of identical compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) intended for use in buildings during their operation. The studies constituted a long-term experiment whose goal was an evaluation of selected operating parameters of the CFLs in terms of meeting the requirements set out in the specified regulations as well as the issue of marking the lamps with the energy efficiency class. The measurements were performed with the authors’ experimental setup consisting of original equipment designed and made especially for the purpose of the measurements. The studies covered registration of the luminous flux as well as selected electrical parameters such as active power, current and the power factor during the so-called “start-up time” and operation time equal to 100 h, 500 h, 1000 h, 2000 h, etc. with a 1000 h step. The studies were finished with the moment of natural burnout of the CFLs tested. The results showed that the biggest drawback of CFLs is lack of preservation of the required time to reach 60% of the stabilized luminous flux just after short time of lamp operation. Similarly when assessing the conformity of the parameters declared by the manufacturer that have been verified, it can be stated that they are true only at the initial stage of lamp operation.

In an ongoing effort towards a more sustainable rare-earth element market, there is a high potential for an efficient recycling of rare-earth elements from end-of-life compact fluorescent lamps by physical separation of the individual phosphors. In this study, we investigate the separation of five fluorescent lamp particles by high-gradient magnetic separation in a rotary permanent magnet separator. We thoroughly characterize the phosphors by ICP-MS, laser diffraction analysis, gas displacement pycnometry, surface area analysis, SQUID-VSM, and Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy. We present a fast and reliable quantification method for mixtures of the investigated phosphors, based on a combination of Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis. With this method, we were able to monitor each phosphors’ removal dynamics in the high-gradient magnetic separator and we estimate that the particles’ removal efficiencies are proportional to (d2·χ)1/3. Finally, we have found that the removed phosphors can readily be recovered easily from the separation cell by backwashing with an intermittent air–water flow. This work should contribute to a better understanding of the phosphors’ separability by high-gradient magnetic separation and can simultaneously be considered to be an important preparation for an upscalable separation process with (bio)functionalized superparamagnetic carriers.

Globally, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) are increasing consistently, and Kuwait is not an exception. However, these lamps contain mercury, which is highly injurious to human health and the environment. This study assessed Kuwaiti respondents' awareness using a large-scale national survey conducted on a random sample of 6210 individuals  (response rate 84.3%). The questionnaire was comprised of four sections and utilized skip logic branching. The modes were paper-based, face-to-face interviews, and electronic structured questionnaires.  Data were also analyzed through the Pearson chi-square test to know the significant differences in lamp type preferences and the reasons for the preferences. Almost half of the participants (51.4%) knew the difference between incandescent and fluorescent lamps. Only 11.1% were using incandescent lamps solely in their houses. The remaining 88.9% used fluorescent lamps (38.4%) or both types (50.5%). The results showed that 48.3% think fluorescent lamps save energy, whereas 81.3% of people were unaware of their mercury content. The knowledge patterns towards breakage showed that respondents who chose the proper response were 31.9% for evacuation, 14.6% for aeration, and 7.3% for turning off the AC. The awareness of populations to take appropriate actions towards proper disposal was very poor in case of fluorescent lamp accidental breakage or when it completes its life cycle because most of them did not know about the proper evacuation, aeration, and cleanup measures. These findings are beneficial for the government and policymakers to take essential steps to create relevant awareness channels among the country's communities for safety from expected health hazards.

Efficient light‐induced floral stimulation plays a key role in energy conservation and maintaining stable productivity during off‐season periods of dragon fruit plants. In this study, we first reported on results of a survey on dragon fruit farmers regarding use of lamps in performing artificially induced flowering process in Vietnam. It was found that the use of incandescent lamp was prevalent in dragon fruit cultivation practices, resulting in heavy electricity consumption, and that low‐power compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs were not extensively utilized, possibly due to low floral induction performance of domestic CFL bulbs. Arguing that emission spectra of currently used lamps were not consistent with adsorption spectra of phytochromes, whose transformation is responsible for flowering process of dragon fruit, we then proposed three improved CFL lamps (power capacity of 20 W) having emission spectra focused on red and far‐red regions. New lamp prototypes were tested in 7 field experiments in three different provinces in Vietnam. One improved CFL bulb (treatment 2) performed relatively well in comparison with the incandescent control lamp (60 W) in six out of seven experiments with regard to some growth indicators (e.g., number of floral stems, number of bubs, number of fruits per plant) and fruit yield. Recent success on commercialization of the improved CFL lamp demonstrates the potential of CFL lamps in floral stimulating irradiation of other crops and plants and in alleviating electricity burden in dragon fruit growing areas. The study first surveyed on dragon fruit farmers on measures to stimulate flowering in commercial dragon fruit farming in three provinces of Vietnam. We then modified emission spectra of Compact Fluorescent Lamps and used them in field experiments. One improved low‐power CFL bulb showed flowering induction capability comparable to the incandescent bulb.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the mean post-treatment bilirubin level with Light Emitting Diode phototherapy versus compact fluorescent lamp phototherapy in neonates presenting with hyperbilirubinemia. Study Design: Comparative prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics, Pakistan Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2019. Methodology: One hundred children fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study from Emergency Department. Then neonates were divided into two Groups. In Group A, neonates underwent phototherapy with Light Emitting Diode; in Group B, neonates underwent phototherapy with conventional phototherapy. Then neonates were followed up in the neonatal intensive care unit for 24 hours. Pre and post-treatment reports were assessed, and bilirubin level was noted. Results: In Group A, the mean age of neonates was 49.12±23.42 hours, while in Group B was 38.70±15.42 hours. In Group A, the mean Bilirubin level at baseline was 13.64±5.98 gm/dl, and in Group B was 15.88±5.44 gm/dl. In Group A, the mean Bilirubin level after 24 hours was 8.47±4.96 gm/dl and in Group B was 9.538±5.35 gm/dl. In both Groups, no significant difference in the mean bilirubin level was observed after 24 hours (p-value=0.30). Conclusion: Light-emitting diode phototherapy and compact fluorescent lamp phototherapy are equally effective in a mean reduction in the total serum bilirubin after 24 hours.

Objective: To compare the mean post-treatment bilirubin level with light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy versus compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) phototherapy in neonates presenting with hyperbilirubinemia Study Design: Comparative prospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatrics, Pakistan Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2019. Methodology: Hundred children fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recuited in the study from Emergency Department. Then neonates were divided into two groups. In Group-A, neonates underwent phototherapy with LED; in Group-B, neonates underwent phototherapy with conventional phototherapy. Then neonates were followed up in the neonatal intensive care unit for 24 hours. Pre and post-treatment reports were assessed, and bilirubin level was noted. Results: In Group-A, the mean age of neonates was 49.12±23.42 hours, while in Group-B was 38.70±15.42 hours. In Group-A, the mean Bilirubin level at baseline was 13.64±5.98 gm/dl and in Group-B was 15.88±5.44 gm/dl. In Group-A, the mean Bilirubin level after 24 hours was 8.47±4.96 gm/dl and in Group-B was 9.538±5.35 gm/dl. In both groups, no significant difference in the mean bilirubin level was observed after 24 hours (p-value=0.30). Conclusion: Light-emitting diode phototherapy and compact fluorescent lamp phototherapy are equally effective in a mean reduction in the total serum bilirubin after 24 hours.

Summary This paper presents measurements of the changes in phase angle of the harmonic current for a domestic costumer due to the introduction of energy‐efficient lamps (compact fluorescent lamps and light‐emitting diodes lamps). Those results are then compared with the aggregation rules according to standard IEC 61000‐3‐6 and with a mathematical model, in order to highlight the importance of using phase angles in the harmonic estimations. The paper presents both the emission from individual household devices and the variations in the complex harmonic current from a group of devices. Cancellation because of phase‐angle difference plays an important role in the emission from a group of different devices. This explains why the increase in emission after changing to energy‐efficient lamps is much smaller than expected. Some other power‐quality parameters are also considered such as total harmonic distortion, total power factor, and displacement power factor. It is concluded that the complex plane presentation is a useful tool to estimate the harmonic emission from a group of domestic appliances. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.