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Cities in developing nations such as India have undergone unregulated growth and uneven urbanization, fostering economic expansion while exacerbating spatial, social, and economic inequalities. This urbanization has significantly degraded water bodies and green spaces, affecting human health and well-being. Blue–green infrastructure (BGI) has emerged as a promising solution for addressing environmental challenges, stormwater management, social well-being, and urban heat mitigation. However, developing countries such as India lack adequate knowledge of their design, planning, and implementation under specific local conditions. This study employs a semi-systematic literature review to identify essential components for BGI implementation in developing nations, with contextual references to India. Among the 797 studies reviewed in total, with 42 studies selected for the final review, only 26% focused on developing countries such as China, with none specifically addressing India. Furthermore, this review discusses global city and country cases across the Global South and Global North to obtain pertinent information from empirical applications worldwide. In total, 32 country cases are analyzed globally, comprising an even larger number of city cases. This review has derived eight thematic areas critical for BGI implementation: spatial configuration, plans and policies, best practices, BGI features and components, stakeholder perceptions, barriers to adoption, local government capacity, and scientific research. Each thematic area is analyzed in relation to stormwater management functions. This study emphasizes that these areas can guide urban planners and researchers in designing effective BGI strategies tailored to specific contexts. By bridging the knowledge gap in India’s development journey, this research underscores the importance of integrating BGI into urban planning to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and address the adverse effects of rapid urbanization.

Although millions of speakers of Spanish employ voseo, the twentieth century did not see a single article published in Hispania that suggested incorporating instruction on voseo into the language classroom. In contrast, the twenty-first century has already seen three articles published in Hispania that have suggested teaching voseo. At the same time, trends in study abroad and immigration are increasing links between the United States and three voseante nations. This essay investigates the field’s evolving treatment of voseo, with a special focus on Hispania’s first 100 years, and argues for the need to incorporate voseo into the twenty-first-century classroom.

El objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis de los hispanismos e indigenismos que emplea el austríaco Karl Ritter von Scherzer (1821-1903) en la descripción de un mercado local costarricense y se enmarca dentro de las investigaciones de incorporación de términos americanos en las lenguas europeas. El procedimiento utilizado para ello en este paper consiste en un gradiente creado mediante distintas metodologías de análisis filológicas, traductológicas y culturales. Los resultados arrojan indicios acerca de la domesticación (equivalencia dinámica) o extranjerización (importar lo exótico a lectores europeos) de esas voces, así como ponen de relieve que el viajero-científico es más que un mediador intercultural: es un traductor de tradiciones y conceptos.

Este trabajo es el avance de una amplia investigación cuyo propósito es elaborar una gramática descriptiva de la lengua chibcha ngäbére. El artículo presenta las características particulares más relevantes de la frase nominal de dicha variante dialectal (hablada en Costa Rica, también en Panamá), y establece la relación con algunas de las características generales de otras lenguas chibchas ístmicas. El primer apartado del escrito es una introducción a la lengua ngäbére y a sus hablantes; elsegundo presenta la morfología de los sustantivos, pronombres y otras clases de palabras que conforman la frase nominal; el tercer apartado trata de la sintaxis de la frase nominal y esboza, de manera sucinta, las relaciones gramaticales; el cuarto apartado es una conclusión valorativa de este trabajo.

In his writing, Quince Duncan has responded to the realities concerning the ethno-racial dynamics as they affect the Afro-Costa Ricans of West Indian Descent. He employs several literary strategies to create an impression of how the pervasiveness of Eurocentrism among the latinos influences their perceptions of the Afro-Costa Ricans.

Since nearly all Costa Rican folklore researchers have been Spanish speakers who would have had trouble comprehending the English of the Caribbean, the oral folk tradition of Limón province has gone almost totally unrecorded. [...]a contract made in 1934 between the government and United Fruit explicitly stated that no black labour would be used in Pacific Coast banana farming (Lefever 212). According to Harry Lefever, the two competing social tendencies, the implied promise of integration and the practices of social exclusion, have created a psychological identity crisis for black Costa Ricans that he likens to W. E. B. DuBois' notion of double-consciousness in African-North Americans. \"On a one Monday morning\" is a call-and-response chant revolving around the theme of an everyday shopping experience, one part of which is successful and the other not. Because of its rhythmic regularity, its antiphonal interaction between an individual and a collective voice, and the fact that the latter calls a refrain found in many Caribbean songs, this seems also to be a work chant.