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"Camouflage"
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Hide-and-seek science : animal camouflage
Shows how animals use camouflage in seven different ecosystems by asking the reader to find all the animals in each picture.
Book
Camouflage and Display for Soft Machines
Synthetic systems cannot easily mimic the color-changing abilities of animals such as cephalopods. Soft machines—machines fabricated from soft polymers and flexible reinforcing sheets—are rapidly increasing in functionality. This manuscript describes simple microfluidic networks that can change the color, contrast, pattern, apparent shape, luminescence, and surface temperature of soft machines for camouflage and display. The color of these microfluidic networks can be changed simultaneously in the visible and infrared—a capability that organisms do not have. These strategies begin to imitate the functions, although not the anatomies, of color-changing animals.
Journal Article
Perfectly hidden : the animal kingdom's fascinating camouflage
Discover the animal kingdom's 35 best natural masters of disguise.
Book
Advancement in UV-Visible-IR camouflage textiles for concealment of defence surveillance against multidimensional combat backgrounds
Target detection of defence technologies is being rapidly upgraded with modern surveillance technologies. The latest techniques of surveillance are already being implemented for defence applications. Self-protection and hiding from opposing forces are the key principles for the protection of special team in defence. Camouflage textiles aim to create confusing objects for target detection of military personnel. These textiles are applied for military protection such as clothing, weapons, vehicles and location hiding nets/tents. The urgent need for camouflage textiles has been formulated with a technical solution and implementation of the right camouflage materials for concealment of defence target signature against dry leaves, green leaves and tree bark-woodland combat background; water-marine combat background; sand-desertland combat background; stone-stoneland combat background; snow-snowland combat background; sky combat background; ice-iceland combat background; and concrete-concreteland combat background (DGTWSICB) in ultraviolet–visible-infrared (UV–Vis-IR) spectrums. This hypothesis of optical and surveillance engineering, digital imaging and hyperspectral imaging has been coalesced for the advancement of UV–Vis-IR-DGTWSICB camouflage textile technology. The principle of camouflage engineering has been approached by broader spectrum probes in UV–Vis-IR rather than Vis ranges only. Furthermore, camouflage materials, camouflage weapon designs, and formulations of camouflage textiles have been proposed for multidimensional CBs-DGTWSICB. The electromagnetic spectrum, reflection, electron energy, photonic signal and imaging mechanism in UV–Vis-IR have been presented for optical engineering of concealment, detection, recognition and identification of target signature against DGTWSICB. The spectrum relationship of camouflage materials and DGTWSICB materials has been illustrated and compared in UV–Vis-IR spectrums. Camouflage material design, method design and spectral design; textile colorants and technologies; adaptive camouflage; techniques for camouflage textile assessment for digital camera and hyperspectral camera imaging; image processing techniques; and a hierarchical model have been demonstrated for augmentation of camouflage textiles in UV–Vis-IR illumination. Therefore, the anticipated design of camouflage textiles may enhance high-performance innovation for modern surveillance of military protection related to digital camera, hyperspectral camera and radar. This hypothesis includes advanced guidelines for the advanced design of camouflage textiles for multidimensional CBs-DGTWSICB. The challenges, limitations, innovation and defence applications of camouflage engineering for multidimensional combat backgrounds have been coalesced for concealment, detection, recognition and identification of defence target signature.
Journal Article
Look again : secrets of animal camouflage
\"The award-winning team of Steve Jenkins and Robin Page introduce young readers to some of the stealthiest, most astonishingly camouflaged animals in the natural world and ask them to seek out these sneaky animals hiding in plain sight!\"-- Publisher's description.
Book
Light-driven dynamic surface wrinkles for adaptive visible camouflage
Camouflage is widespread in nature, engineering, and the military. Dynamic surface wrinkles enable a material the on-demand control of the reflected optical signal and may provide an alternative to achieve adaptive camouflage. Here, we demonstrate a feasible strategy for adaptive visible camouflage based on light-driven dynamic surface wrinkles using a bilayer system comprising an anthracene-containing copolymer (PAN) and pigment-containing poly (dimethylsiloxane) (pigment-PDMS). In this system, the photothermal effect–induced thermal expansion of pigment-PDMS could eliminate the wrinkles. The multiwavelength light–driven dynamic surface wrinkles could tune the scattering of light and the visibility of the PAN film interference color. Consequently, the color captured by the observer could switch between the exposure state that is distinguished from the background and the camouflage state that is similar to the surroundings. The bilayer wrinkling system toward adaptive visible camouflage is simple to configure, easy to operate, versatile, and exhibits in situ dynamic characteristics without any external sensors and extra stimuli.
Journal Article
Cell membrane–camouflaged liposomes for tumor cell–selective glycans engineering and imaging in vivo
The dynamic change of cell-surface glycans is involved in diverse biological and pathological events such as oncogenesis and metastasis. Despite tremendous efforts, it remains a great challenge to selectively distinguish and label glycans of different cancer cells or cancer subtypes. Inspired by biomimetic cell membrane–coating technology, herein, we construct pH-responsive azidosugar liposomes camouflaged with natural cancer-cell membrane for tumor cell–selective glycan engineering. With cancer cell–membrane camouflage, the biomimetic liposomes can prevent protein corona formation and evade phagocytosis of macrophages, facilitating metabolic glycans labeling in vivo. More importantly, due to multiple membrane receptors, the biomimetic liposomes have prominent cell selectivity to homotypic cancer cells, showing higher glycanlabeling efficacy than a single-ligand targeting strategy. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that cancer cell membrane–camouflaged azidosugar liposomes not only realize cell-selective glycan imaging of different cancer cells and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes but also do well in labeling metastatic tumors. Meanwhile, the strategy is also applicable to the use of tumor tissue–derived cell membranes, which shows the prospect for individual diagnosis and treatment. This work may pave a way for efficient cancer cell–selective engineering and visualization of glycans in vivo.
Journal Article
See-through animals
In this book, young readers will meet eight creatures whose clear body parts help them survive.
Book
Phenotypic plasticity of Phenacovolva rosea results in various camouflage efficiencies on different coral host species
Animal camouflage in mollusks in the Family Ovulidae involves imitating the color and pattern of their host coral to evade predators. However, the extent to which they adapt to host color across regions and coral species remains unquantified. The camouflage efficiency of
Phenacovolva rosea
across various coral hosts along the coast of Vietnam was assessed. A total of 57
Ph. rosea
specimens collected from five coastal sites in Vietnam were photographed with their hosts in the field. The colors of mollusk and host were comparatively analyzed to study contrasts between them. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) analysis investigated factors influencing camouflage efficiency, including host species and region. This revealed a significant effect of coral species identity on mollusk camouflage efficiency, with the lowest contrast recorded for an
Astrogorgia
sp. and the highest for
Menella
sp. Region did not significantly influence camouflage efficiency. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the coral host color explained 30% of the total variance in mollusk color. This study further revealed that
Ph. rosea
effectively adapts its color to match the coral hosts. The mechanism behind this adaptation remains unknown, but the presumed phenotypic plasticity allowed by nutritional homochromy is the most likely candidate. Poor color adaptation to
Menella
sp. possibly arises from recent individual migration, maladaptive traits, or alternative color strategies. Overall, phenotypic plasticity in
Ph. rosea
may play a significant role in survival on different host species in different environments.
Journal Article