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Phenotypic plasticity of Phenacovolva rosea results in various camouflage efficiencies on different coral host species
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Phenotypic plasticity of Phenacovolva rosea results in various camouflage efficiencies on different coral host species
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Phenotypic plasticity of Phenacovolva rosea results in various camouflage efficiencies on different coral host species
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Journal Article
Phenotypic plasticity of Phenacovolva rosea results in various camouflage efficiencies on different coral host species
2024
Overview
Animal camouflage in mollusks in the Family Ovulidae involves imitating the color and pattern of their host coral to evade predators. However, the extent to which they adapt to host color across regions and coral species remains unquantified. The camouflage efficiency of
Phenacovolva rosea
across various coral hosts along the coast of Vietnam was assessed. A total of 57
Ph. rosea
specimens collected from five coastal sites in Vietnam were photographed with their hosts in the field. The colors of mollusk and host were comparatively analyzed to study contrasts between them. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) analysis investigated factors influencing camouflage efficiency, including host species and region. This revealed a significant effect of coral species identity on mollusk camouflage efficiency, with the lowest contrast recorded for an
Astrogorgia
sp. and the highest for
Menella
sp. Region did not significantly influence camouflage efficiency. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the coral host color explained 30% of the total variance in mollusk color. This study further revealed that
Ph. rosea
effectively adapts its color to match the coral hosts. The mechanism behind this adaptation remains unknown, but the presumed phenotypic plasticity allowed by nutritional homochromy is the most likely candidate. Poor color adaptation to
Menella
sp. possibly arises from recent individual migration, maladaptive traits, or alternative color strategies. Overall, phenotypic plasticity in
Ph. rosea
may play a significant role in survival on different host species in different environments.
