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"Cancer Miscellanea"
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A breast cancer alphabet
Madhulika Sikka's Breast Cancer Alphabet offers a new way to live with and plan past the hardest diagnosis that most women will ever receive: a personal, practical, and deeply informative look at the road from diagnosis to treatment and beyond. What Madhulika Sikka didn't foresee when initially diagnosed, and what this book brings to life so vividly, are the unexpected and minute challenges that make navigating the world of breast cancer all the trickier. This book is an inspired reaction to what started as a personal predicament. As a prominent news executive, Madhulika had access to the most cutting edge data on the disease's reach and impact. At the same time, she craved the community of frank talk and personal insight that we rely on in life's toughest moments. This inventive book navigates the world of science and story, bringing readers into Madhulika's mind and experience in a way that demystifies breast cancer and offers new hope for those living with it.-- From publisher description.
Book
EANM practice guideline for quantitative SPECT-CT
Abstract PurposeQuantitative SPECT-CT is a modality of growing importance with initial developments in post radionuclide therapy dosimetry, and more recent expansion into bone, cardiac and brain imaging together with the concept of theranostics more generally. The aim of this document is to provide guidelines for nuclear medicine departments setting up and developing their quantitative SPECT-CT service with guidance on protocols, harmonisation and clinical use cases.MethodsThese practice guidelines were written by members of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine Physics, Dosimetry, Oncology and Bone committees representing the current major stakeholders in Quantitative SPECT-CT. The guidelines have also been reviewed and approved by all EANM committees and have been endorsed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine.ConclusionThe present practice guidelines will help practitioners, scientists and researchers perform high-quality quantitative SPECT-CT and will provide a framework for the continuing development of quantitative SPECT-CT as an established modality.
Journal Article
Identifying the individual metabolic abnormities from a systemic perspective using whole-body PET imaging
IntroductionDistinct physiological states arise from complex interactions among the various organs present in the human body. PET is a non-invasive modality with numerous successful applications in oncology, neurology, and cardiology. However, while PET imaging has been applied extensively in detecting focal lesions or diseases, its potential in detecting systemic abnormalities is seldom explored, mostly because total-body imaging was not possible until recently.MethodsIn this context, the present study proposes a framework capable of constructing an individual metabolic abnormality network using a subject’s whole-body 18F-FDG SUV image and a normal control database. The developed framework was evaluated in the patients with lung cancer, the one discharged after suffering from Covid-19 disease, and the one that had gastrointestinal bleeding with the underlying cause unknown.ResultsThe framework could successfully capture the deviation of these patients from healthy subjects at the level of both system and organ. The strength of the altered network edges revealed the abnormal metabolic connection between organs. The overall deviation of the network nodes was observed to be highly correlated to the organ SUV measures. Therefore, the molecular connectivity of glucose metabolism was characterized at a single subject level.ConclusionThe proposed framework represents a significant step toward the use of PET imaging for identifying metabolic dysfunction from a systemic perspective. A better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and the physiological interpretation of the interregional connections identified in the present study warrant further research.
Journal Article
Assessing ablation margins of FDG-avid liver tumors during PET/CT-guided thermal ablation procedures: a retrospective study
BackgroundTo retrospectively assess liver tumor ablation margins using intraprocedural PET/CT images from FDG PET/CT-guided microwave or cryoablation procedures and to correlate minimum margin measurements with local progression outcomes.MethodsFifty-six patients (ages 36 to 85, median 62; 32 females) with 77 FDG-avid liver tumors underwent 60 FDG PET/CT guided, percutaneous microwave, or cryoablation procedures. Single breath-hold PET/CT images were used for intraprocedural assessment of the tumor ablation margin: liver tumors remained visible on PET immediately following ablation; microwave ablation zones were visible using contrast-enhanced CT; cryoablation zones (ice balls) were visible using unenhanced CT. Two readers retrospectively determined ablation margin assessability and measured the minimum ablation margin on intraprocedural PET/CT (n = 77) and postprocedural MRI (n = 56). Local tumor progression was assessed on all available follow-up imaging (1–49 months, mean 15). Local tumor progression was correlated with PET/CT minimum margin measurements using clustered survival models for 61 tumors.ResultsMinimum ablation margins were more often assessable using intraprocedural PET/CT (≥ 73/77 tumors, 95%) than postprocedural MRI (≤ 35/56 tumors, 63%). In 61 tumors with PET/CT-assessable margins (excluding tumors with overlapping ablations after PET/CT), there was a 6-fold increased risk of local tumor progression [hazard ratio (HR) 6.05; P = 0.004] for minimum ablation margins < 5 mm.ConclusionBreath-hold PET/CT scans, during PET/CT-guided microwave or cryoablation procedures for FDG-avid liver tumors, enable reliable intraprocedural assessment of the entire tumor ablation margin; a minimum PET/CT ablation margin threshold of 5 mm correlates well with local tumor progression outcomes.
Journal Article
Genes, development, and cancer : the life and work of Edward B. Lewis
Edward B.Lewis' science is the bridge linking experimental genetics as conducted in the first half of the twentieth century, and the powerful molecular genetic approaches that revolutionized the field in its last quarter.
eBook
Diffuse hyperkeratotic lesions in a 4-year-old HIV-infected girl
Correspondence to Dr Andrea Bassi, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24-50139 Firenze, Italy; andrea.bassi@meyer.it A 4-year-old girl arrived in Italy from Cameroon 8 months previously. After about 6 months of therapy, blood tests showed increased CD4+ T cell count (755 cell/mm3) and undetectable viraemia. Clinical examination revealed diffuse flat wart-like whitish papules on the sun-exposed area of trunk, neck, face, dorsal hands and feet (figure 1).
Journal Article
Bayesian jackknife empirical likelihood
Empirical likelihood is a very powerful nonparametric tool that does not require any distributional assumptions. Lazar (2003) showed that in Bayesian inference, if one replaces the usual likelihood with the empirical likelihood, then posterior inference is still valid when the functional of interest is a smooth function of the posterior mean. However, it is not clear whether similar conclusions can be obtained for parameters defined in terms of U-statistics. We propose the so-called Bayesian jackknife empirical likelihood, which replaces the likelihood component with the jackknife empirical likelihood. We show, both theoretically and empirically, the validity of the proposed method as a general tool for Bayesian inference. Empirical analysis shows that the small-sample performance of the proposed method is better than its frequentist counterpart. Analysis of a case-control study for pancreatic cancer is used to illustrate the new approach.
Journal Article
Highlights from the literature
Long term survivors of childhood cancer At the beginning of Lucina’s career, 5 year survival rates for many childhood cancers were not great, but over the last few decades this has improved significantly with overall survival rates at 5 years being over 85%. Survivors 40 years or more from diagnosis experienced 131 excess health-related deaths per 10 000 person-years (95% CI 111 to 163), including those due to the top three causes of health-related death in the general population: cancer, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Blood cultures were obtained from 75.9% (523/689) of patients, of which 510 were available for review and were positive in 70/510 (13.7%; 95% CI, confidence interval (CI), 10.9–17.0) of children and in 70/689 (10.2%; 95% CI, 8.0 to 12.7%) of the entire cohort.
Journal Article