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Stories in the media about the cancer-causing risks present in everyday life can cause alarm and confusion, and make it difficult to know how to alter one's lifestyle. The Cancer Prevention Manual, Second Edition, is a handy guide to all key issues in cancer prevention, presenting medical and scientific information in a plain, accessible style. Written by authors with distinguished careers studying the illness, and based on a solid scientific grounding, this book provides the facts about how our lifestyles pose cancer risks, and what we can do to change them.-- cover.

Background The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations are lifestyle-based recommendations which aim to reduce cancer risk. This study investigated associations between adherence, assessed using a standardised scoring system, and the risk of all cancers combined and of 14 cancers for which there is strong evidence for links with aspects of lifestyle in the UK. Methods We used data from 94,778 participants (53% female, mean age 56 years) from the UK Biobank. Total adherence scores (range 0–7 points) were derived from dietary, physical activity, and anthropometric data. Associations between total score and cancer risk (all cancers combined; and prostate, breast, colorectal, lung, uterine, liver, pancreatic, stomach, oesophageal, head and neck, ovarian, kidney, bladder, and gallbladder cancer) were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, sex, deprivation index, ethnicity, and smoking status. Results Mean total score was 3.8 (SD 1.0) points. During a median follow-up of 8 years, 7296 individuals developed cancer. Total score was inversely associated with risk of all cancers combined (HR: 0.93; 95%CI: 0.90–0.95 per 1-point increment), as well as breast (HR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.86–0.95), colorectal (HR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84–0.97), kidney (HR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.72–0.94), oesophageal (HR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.71–0.98), ovarian (HR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.65–0.90), liver (HR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.63–0.97), and gallbladder (HR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.53–0.93) cancers. Conclusions Greater adherence to lifestyle-based recommendations was associated with reduced risk of all cancers combined and of breast, colorectal, kidney, oesophageal, ovarian, liver, and gallbladder cancers. Our findings support compliance with the Cancer Prevention Recommendations for cancer prevention in the UK.

We isolated seven new iridoid glucosides (valerianairidoids I–VII; 1–3, 6, 7, 9, and 12) and six known compounds from the methanol extract of the dried rhizomes and roots of Valeriana fauriei. Chemical and spectroscopic data were used to elucidate the chemical structures of the seven new iridoid glucosides, and their absolute configurations were determined by comparing their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with those determined experimentally. Aglycones 1a, 6a, and 9a, which were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of the isolated iridoid glucosides, exhibited anti-proliferative activities against cancer stem cells (CSCs) established by a sphere-formation assay using human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and human astrocytoma (U-251MG) cells. Interestingly, these iridoids selectively showed anti-proliferative activities against CSCs from MDA-MB-231 cells. These results suggest that the iridoids obtained in this study may have potency as a breast cancer treatment and as preventive agent via exterminating CSCs.

\"Millions watched Samantha Harris share the story of her breast cancer diagnosis and double mastectomy at age 40. Now she offers an easy, eight-step plan for overcoming adversity, helping to fight cancer, and living a healthier, happier life. Your Healthiest Healthy combines her inspiring journey with research-backed advice, recipe and menu guides, workout charts, milestone logs, relationship activities, cheat sheets, checklists, and other must-have tools and resources.\" -- Publisher.

Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) among heavy smokers can decrease lung cancer mortality. Smoking cessation intervention is recommended within the screening program; however, the methods for smoking cessation in the LDCT screening context are not well established. We have previously shown that a novel smartphone app can increase the chance for smoking cessation along with lung cancer screening. The effects of lung cancer screening, smoking cessation, and the use of smartphone apps on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are widely unknown. This study aims to investigate the effect of lung cancer screening, smoking cessation, and the use of smoking cessation app on HRQoL, an exploratory end point of the low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer combined to different smoking cessation methods in Finland (LDCT-SC-FI) study. This study was conducted as a part of the LDCT-SC-FI (NCT05630950), which was a randomized controlled trial investigating different smoking cessation methods in participants undergoing lung cancer screening with LDCT. The main inclusion criteria included an age of 50-74 years, a marked smoking history (smoked ≥15 cigarettes per day for ≥25 years or smoked ≥10 cigarettes per day for ≥30 years), an active smoking status, and access to a smartphone. The recruitment was carried out by newspaper and internet advertisements and informing relevant health care units at hospital districts. The study participants (n=200), all at Oulu University Hospital, were randomized in 1:1 fashion to a yearly LDCT with standard smoking cessation (written material) or a stand-alone smartphone app-based cessation. HRQoL, an exploratory study end point, was assessed at baseline and at 1 year with Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and EQ-5D. In total, 199 and 186 individuals had both questionnaires completed at baseline and at 1 year, respectively. We did not detect a change in HRQoL between the time points using QLQ-C30 global health status score or EQ-5D index score. Smoking cessation at 1-year time did not affect QLQ-C30 global health status or EQ-5D. We observed improved quality of life scores by EQ-5D at 1 year (control: mean 0.720, SD 0.197 vs app: mean 0.799, SD 0.197; improved in 17/93, 18% of controls vs 29/93, 31% in app arm), while there was no difference in means at baseline. Smartphone app arm reported reduced pain (EQ-5D effect size [ES] 0.049, 95% CI 0.006-0.12; P=.01; adjusted ES 0.026; P=.007; QLQ-C30 ES 0.076, 95% CI 0.02-0.16; P<.001; adjusted ES 0.05; P=.02) and increased mobility (EQ-5D ES 0.031, 95% CI 0.01-0.09; P=.02; adjusted ES 0.037; P=.008) at 1 year. The number of completed questionnaires in the app was associated with improved HRQoL by EQ-5D (ES 0.073, 95% CI 0.00-0.180; P=.04; adjusted ES 0.071; P=.04). This is the first study to test a smoking cessation smartphone app in the context of lung cancer screening. The use of the developed app correlated with improved HRQoL, mainly by decreased pain and fatigue. To conclude, the studied app provides a feasible and effective cessation intervention that is readily implementable in population-based lung cancer screening programs, with enhanced health benefits beyond smoking cessation.

Despite improvements in early cancer diagnosis worldwide, morbidity and mortality in Southern Africa continue to rise owing to challenges with funding, sociocultural beliefs, and health care access. Digital health (\"eHealth\") has the potential to expand access to health care, particularly to remote communities. However, few studies explored the use of eHealth to support symptomatic cancer diagnosis in Southern Africa. This study explored the barriers and facilitators to eHealth use by health care workers (HCWs) to support the management of people with symptoms of possible breast, cervical, or colorectal cancer in South Africa and Zimbabwe. We conducted semistructured in-depth interviews with HCWs (n=56) who managed people with symptoms of possible cancer. Interviews explored the barriers and facilitators to eHealth use and attitudes toward further adoption of eHealth. Interview schedules were guided by the sociotechnical theory, a model \"designed to address the socio-technical challenges involved in design, development, implementation, use, and evaluation of eHealth.\" The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. We used the framework method to analyze the data and developed themes that encompassed patterns and meaning in the data to answer the research question. The median age of participants was 44 (IQR 34-53) years, 38 (68%) were female, and most were nurses (n=34, 61%) or doctors (n=18, 32%). Four core themes were developed: (1) \"the lack of reliable infrastructure hindered eHealth use among HCWs\"; (2) \"the use of personal mobile devices increased eHealth access at the expense of patient privacy and personal cost\"; (3) \"information, workflow integration, and access\"; while eHealth improved access to information, many tools were already in use, were poorly integrated into workflow, and disrupted consultations; and (4) \"digital health is expanding whether we like it or not,\" which describes a spectrum of attitudes toward digital health, ranging from enthusiasm to resistance but willingness to adapt to those completely against its use. Themes from the workshops were concordant with the in-depth interview findings. To capitalize on the potential benefits of eHealth use among HCWs, such as to support early cancer diagnosis, infrastructural challenges must be addressed, and tools designed to meet user needs and be integrated into clinical workflow. As in many other resource-constrained settings, significant improvements in development are required for the value of eHealth to be realized in Southern Africa. Additionally, where resources such as electricity are limited, their use for eHealth needs to be weighed against use for other priorities such as operating ventilators. Furthermore, energy production in these regions is largely reliant on burning fossil fuels, and thus, the use of eHealth tools risks contributing negatively to climate change. The findings of this study can be used to guide future eHealth design or implementation strategies that are more contextually suitable.