Journal Article

Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations and risk of 14 lifestyle-related cancers in the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

Parra-Soto, Solange, Ho, Frederick K., Mathers, John C., Lu, Liya, Celis-Morales, Carlos, Malcomson, Fiona C., Sharp, Linda

2023

Overview

Background The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations are lifestyle-based recommendations which aim to reduce cancer risk. This study investigated associations between adherence, assessed using a standardised scoring system, and the risk of all cancers combined and of 14 cancers for which there is strong evidence for links with aspects of lifestyle in the UK. Methods We used data from 94,778 participants (53% female, mean age 56 years) from the UK Biobank. Total adherence scores (range 0–7 points) were derived from dietary, physical activity, and anthropometric data. Associations between total score and cancer risk (all cancers combined; and prostate, breast, colorectal, lung, uterine, liver, pancreatic, stomach, oesophageal, head and neck, ovarian, kidney, bladder, and gallbladder cancer) were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, sex, deprivation index, ethnicity, and smoking status. Results Mean total score was 3.8 (SD 1.0) points. During a median follow-up of 8 years, 7296 individuals developed cancer. Total score was inversely associated with risk of all cancers combined (HR: 0.93; 95%CI: 0.90–0.95 per 1-point increment), as well as breast (HR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.86–0.95), colorectal (HR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84–0.97), kidney (HR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.72–0.94), oesophageal (HR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.71–0.98), ovarian (HR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.65–0.90), liver (HR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.63–0.97), and gallbladder (HR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.53–0.93) cancers. Conclusions Greater adherence to lifestyle-based recommendations was associated with reduced risk of all cancers combined and of breast, colorectal, kidney, oesophageal, ovarian, liver, and gallbladder cancers. Our findings support compliance with the Cancer Prevention Recommendations for cancer prevention in the UK.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Analysis / Biobanks / Biological Specimen Banks / Biomedicine / Body composition / Breast / Cancer / Cancer incidence / Cancer prevention / Cancer Prevention Recommendations / Cancer research / Cohort analysis / Colorectal Neoplasms / Demographic aspects / Diet / Disease prevention / Esophagus / Evaluation / Exercise / Female / Fruits / Gallbladder / Gallbladder cancer / Health aspects / Health risks / Humans / Interactive computer systems / Kidneys / Life Style / Lifestyle / Lifestyles / Liver / Male / Medical diagnosis / Medical research / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Middle Aged / Minority & ethnic groups / Nutrition research / Ovaries / Patient compliance / Physical activity / Practice guidelines (Medicine) / Prevention / Prospective Studies / Prostate / Questionnaires / Research Article / Risk Factors / Risk management / Risk reduction / Self report / Skin cancer / Sociodemographics / Statistical models / United Kingdom - epidemiology / United States / Vegetables