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Vesicle-formation of hexadecyl phosphatidyl choline released from Im-caprolactone electrospun fibrous mats: preparation and characterization
After it was proved by transmission electron microscope and light microscope that hexadecyl phosphatidyl choline (HePC) itself and HePC/cholesterol (Chol) complexes could form micro- or nanoscale vesicles, it was also found that vesicles composed by HePC itself or HePC/Chol could be formed by releasing from the fibers after electrospun poly Im-caprolactone (PCL) fibers with hexadecyl phosphatidyl choline (HePC) and Chol entrapped was obtained. Characterization by field emission scanning electron microscope, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis indicated that HePC and HePC/Chol was perfectly entrapped in fibers. Beside these, it is was also found that HePC and Chol presented synchronous sustained release pattern from PCL by high-performance liquid chromatography. This experiment provided a further vision of composite materials composed of macromolecule and small molecule, for application in gene delivery, controlled drug delivery and bio-scaffold.
Journal Article
Optimal AGC regulators for power systems under restructured configuration with hybrid ESS
Several new rivals are entering the market as a result of the global restructuring of the electric power sector, which is also intensifying competition among existing market players. Better services, greater choices, and less expensive power are all intended to benefit consumers. For such systems to be more reliable, new control techniques with hybrid ESS are crucial. The CSOA-based hybrid ESS for a restructured T-G-S power system combines a polar fuzzy controller (PFC) with an FOPID controller. Testing is done on this controller’s resilience with CTD, random load demand, and parameter uncertainty. Additionally, a reconstructed N-G-S system is used to assess the viability of the suggested controller. A CSOA-based combined FOPID controller and polar fuzzy controller using hybrid ESS can improve frequency responses for Area-1 and Area-2 by 15.59% and 21.83%, respectively, and enhance the response of power variation of the tie-line under contract violation by 27.16% when compared to the CSOA: PII
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DD
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controller. The effectiveness of a CSOA-based combination (1 + FOID) controller and a polar fuzzy controller for a restructured T-H-G power system is demonstrated in another study. Other controllers, including GA: 1 + PFC, SOA: FOPID, SOA: PID, GA: PID, and OARs, are used to verify its performance. These controllers include a variety of linkages, including a control variable ∆P
dc
with the turbine’s controller. The proposed control scheme has the lowest cost function among various control strategies and has been shown to outperform several existing control methods. Moreover, it offers incredibly dependable performance under different load conditions.
Journal Article
Programming the BBC micro:bit : getting started with MicroPython
This easy-to-follow guide shows, step-by-step, how to quickly get started with programming and creating fun applications on your micro:bit. Written in the straightforward style that Dr. Simon Monk is famous for, Programming the BBC micro:bit: Getting Started with MicroPython begins with basic concepts and gradually progresses to more advanced techniques. You will discover how to use the micro:bit's built-in hardware, use the LED display, accept input from sensors, attach external electronics, and handle wireless communication.
Book
Critical Review on Robust Speed Control Techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Speed Regulation
The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a highly efficient energy saving machine. Due to its simple structural characteristics, good heat radiation capability, and high efficiency, PMSMs are gradually replacing AC induction motors in many industrial applications. The PMSM has a nonlinear system and lies on parameters that differ over time with complex high-class dynamics. To achieve the excessive performance operation of a PMSM, it essentially needs a speed controller for providing accurate speed tracking, slight overshoot, and robust disturbance repulsion. Therefore, this article provides an overview of different robust control techniques for PMSMs and reviews the implementation of a speed controller. In view of the uncertainty factors, such as parameter perturbation and load disturbance, the H∞ robust control strategy is mainly reviewed based on the traditional control techniques, i.e., robust H∞ sliding mode controller (SMC), and H∞ robust current controller based on Hamilton–Jacobi Inequality (HJI) theory. Based on comparative analysis, this review simplifies the development trend of different control technologies used for a PMSM speed regulation system.
Journal Article
PIC microcontroller : an introduction to software and hardware interfacing
\"This book presents a thorough introduction to the Microchip PIC® microcontroller family, including all of the PIC programming and interfacing for all the peripheral functions.\"--Back cover.
Book
Load Frequency Control (LFC) Strategies in Renewable Energy-Based Hybrid Power Systems: A Review
The hybrid power system is a combination of renewable energy power plants and conventional energy power plants. This integration causes power quality issues including poor settling times and higher transient contents. The main issue of such interconnection is the frequency variations caused in the hybrid power system. Load Frequency Controller (LFC) design ensures the reliable and efficient operation of the power system. The main function of LFC is to maintain the system frequency within safe limits, hence keeping power at a specific range. An LFC should be supported with modern and intelligent control structures for providing the adequate power to the system. This paper presents a comprehensive review of several LFC structures in a diverse configuration of a power system. First of all, an overview of a renewable energy-based power system is provided with a need for the development of LFC. The basic operation was studied in single-area, multi-area and multi-stage power system configurations. Types of controllers developed on different techniques studied with an overview of different control techniques were utilized. The comparative analysis of various controllers and strategies was performed graphically. The future scope of work provided lists the potential areas for conducting further research. Finally, the paper concludes by emphasizing the need for better LFC design in complex power system environments.
Journal Article
Low Cost PID Controller for Student Digital Control Laboratory Based on Arduino or STM32 Modules
In the teaching process, it is important that students do not carry out exercises only by computer simulations, but also that they carry out research in real time. In times of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, it would be necessary to find a solution so that the students can perform such exercises individually at home. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop cheap and simple modules of digital controllers along with analog objects with adjustable order and time constants. This paper describes a low-cost proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller for teaching students control techniques and analog control objects in real time. The PID controller is based on the cheap and widely available microcontroller modules Arduino or STM32. The advantage of this solution is that the algorithm of the digital PID controller is calculated every constant period of time. Both the solutions presented in the paper have been successfully tested by students in practice during remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Journal Article