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"Cooking (Meat)"
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Untold. 85, The story of American barbecue
Today, barbecue is a big part of American culture. But did you know that this staple of the great American menu is actually older than the United States itself?
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Effect of Different Cooking Treatments on the Residual Level of Nitrite and Nitrate in Processed Meat Products and Margin of Safety (MoS) Assessment
Nitrite and nitrate are well-known food additives used in cured meats and linked to different food safety concerns. However, no study about the possible effect of cooking treatment on the residual level of these compounds before consumption is available. In this work, 60 samples of meat products were analyzed in order to evaluate the variation in residual nitrite and nitrate level after baking, grilling and boiling. The analyses by ion chromatography demonstrated that meat cooking leads to a decrease in nitrite and an increase in nitrate residual levels in the final products. Meat boiling caused an overall decrease in two additives’ concentration, while baking and particularly grilling caused an increase in nitrate and, in some cases, nitrite as well. Some regulatory aspects were also considered, such as the possibility of revising the legal limit of nitrate from the actual 150 mg kg−1 to a more cautious 100 mg kg−1. Indeed, several meat samples (bacon and swine fresh sausage) resulted in a higher nitrate concentration than the legal limit after cooking by grilling (eleven samples) or baking (five samples). Finally, the Margin of Safety evaluation demonstrated a good level of food safety, all values being higher than the protective threshold of 100.
Journal Article
Goat : cooking and eating
\"Utterly delicious cooked fast and lean, or slow-cooked in curries, stews, braises and roasts, from kebabs to stir-fries, goat is a healthy and sustainable meat. But why has traditional Western cooking neglected this wonderful ingredient for so long? And why we should be eating more of it? Featuring more than 90 dishes by Cabrito founder James Whetlor, plus a foreword by Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, and guest recipes from world-renowned chefs including Yotam Ottolenghi, Neil Rankin, Gill Meller and Jeremy Lee, Goat is both ground-breaking and fascinating. Essential reading for anyone with even a passing interest in food and the way we eat today, and set to be the definitive guide on the subject for years to come, Goat is a genre-defining book\"--Back cover.
Book
Quality and Energy Evaluation in Meat Cooking
Consumer acceptance of meat is strongly influenced by the eating quality. Cooking method has great impact on eating quality of meat, and energy consumption is important parameter to consider while selecting the cooking method. Energy requirement for well-cooked meats varies with cooking method, appliances and consumer behaviour. Energy consumption reduction during meat cooking may have the influence on global energy requirement. This article critically reviewed the effects on quality characteristics of meat and meat products by different cooking methods. The different cooking methods including oven, frying, sous vide and ohmic cooking are discussed in detail, and their effects on meat quality parameters such as colour, tenderness, cooking loss, shrinkage and juiciness are also presented. Highlighting on the role of cooking process on meat quality, energy requirement for cooking were identified.
Journal Article
A review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of red and processed meat, meat cooking methods, heme iron, heterocyclic amines and prostate cancer
Prostate cancer remains a significant public health concern among men in the U.S. and worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have generally produced inconclusive results for dietary risk factors for prostate cancer, including consumption of red and processed meats. We aimed to update a previous meta-analysis of prospective cohorts of red and processed meats and prostate cancer with the inclusion of new and updated cohort studies, as well as evaluate meat cooking methods, heme iron, and heterocyclic amine (HCA) intake exposure data. A comprehensive literature search was performed and 26 publications from 19 different cohort studies were included. Random effects models were used to calculate summary relative risk estimates (SRREs) for high vs. low exposure categories. Additionally, meta-regression analyses and stratified intake analyses were conducted to evaluate dose-response relationships. The SRREs for total prostate cancer and total red meat consumption, fresh red meat consumption, and processed meat consumption were 1.02 (95 % CI: 0.92–1.12), 1.06 (95 % CI: 0.97–1.16), and 1.05 (95 % CI: 1.01–1.10), respectively. Analyses were also conducted for the outcomes of non-advanced, advanced, and fatal prostate cancer when sufficient data were available, but these analyses did not produce significant results. No significant SRREs were observed for any of the meat cooking methods, HCA, or heme iron analyses. Dose-response analyses did not reveal significant patterns of associations between red or processed meat and prostate cancer. In conclusion, the results from our analyses do not support an association between red meat or processed consumption and prostate cancer, although we observed a weak positive summary estimate for processed meats.
Journal Article
Field roast : 101 artisan vegan meat recipes to cook, share, & savor
\"In Field Roast, Chef Tommy McDonald shares fundamental techniques and tips that will enable you to make your own vegan meats at home--for everyday (sandwiches, burgers, meatloaf) to holiday (stuffed roast, anyone?), as well as recipes for using them in every meal from breakfast through dinner. The 100 recipes are flexible: want to make your own plant-based meats? Great! Want to use Field Roast products instead? That will work too. All you need are grains, veggies, and spices--easy-to-find whole food ingredients for authentic, hearty taste. With basics such as cutlets and sausages, along with dishes like Burnt Ends Biscuit Sandwich, Chicken Fried Field Roast and Waffles, Pastrami on Rye, Tuscan Shepherd's Pie, Curry Katsu, (and even some favorite desserts), Field Roast brings new meaning to plant-based meat\"--Amazon.
Book
Food consumption, meat cooking methods and diet diversity and the risk of bladder cancer
•Food metabolites are eliminated by the urinary tract.•Vegetable and milk/yogurt consumption reduced bladder cancer risk.•Meat consumption increased bladder cancer risk, especially for roasting and stewing.•A diversified diet suggests a reduced risk of bladder cancer, but not significant.•Our study consolidates the role of diet in bladder cancer aetiology.
Since food metabolites are eliminated by the urinary tract, several studies have investigated the association between diet and bladder cancer risk. Recently, the World Cancer Research Fund International/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) suggested a potential beneficial effect of some foods (mainly vegetables, fruit, and milk) in the development of bladder cancer. We investigated the association between food groups and bladder cancer risk, seeking insights into food diversity as well as meat cooking methods.
Data were derived from an Italian multicentre case–control study, conducted between 2003 and 2014, including 690 bladder cancer cases and 665 frequency-matched controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for various dietary aspects were estimated by unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for energy intake and the major known risk factors for bladder cancer.
Comparing the highest versus the lowest quartiles, consumption of vegetables (OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.44-0.88) and milk/yogurt (OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.44–0.87) reduced the risk of bladder cancer. Conversely, consumption of meat increased bladder cancer risk with an OR of 1.57 (95%CI: 1.07–2.31), particularly when the meat was stewed (OR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.03–2.09) or roasted (OR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.00–1.99). There was a suggestion that a diversified diet reduced the risk of bladder cancer, but this was not significant.
Our study consolidates the role of diet in bladder cancer aetiology, showing a reduced risk for vegetable and milk/yogurt consumption and an increased risk for meat consumption, especially when the meat is stewed or roasted.
Journal Article