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Intellectual disability : a conceptual history, 1200-1900
\"This collection explores the historical origins of our modern concepts of intellectual or learning disability. The essays, from some of the leading historians of ideas of intellectual disability, focus on British and European material from the Middle Ages to the late-nineteenth century and extend across legal, educational, literary, religious, philosophical and psychiatric histories. They investigate how precursor concepts and discourses were shaped by and interacted with their particular social, cultural and intellectual environments, eventually giving rise to contemporary ideas. The collection is essential reading for scholars interested in the history of intelligence, intellectual disability and related concepts, as well as in disability history generally\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism or Hypothyroxinemia in Pregnancy
Two placebo-controlled trials involving pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia showed that levothyroxine beginning between 8 and 20 weeks of gestation did not significantly improve cognitive outcomes in children through 5 years of age.
Observational studies spanning almost three decades suggest that subclinical thyroid disease during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes.
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In 1999, interest in undiagnosed maternal thyroid dysfunction was heightened by studies suggesting an association between subclinical thyroid hypofunction and impaired fetal neuropsychological development.
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In one report, children of women whose serum thyrotropin levels during pregnancy were greater than the 98th percentile had a lower IQ than children of matched controls who had a normal thyrotropin level.
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In another study, children whose mothers had a serum free thyroxine (T
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) level of less than the 10th percentile in early . . .
Journal Article
Childhood Outcomes after Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy
A prior report on hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy showed a reduced rate of death or disability at 18 to 22 months of age. In this report of outcomes at 6 to 7 years, rates of death or an IQ below 70 were nonsignificantly lower with hypothermia than with usual care.
Moderate or severe neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy is associated with a high incidence of death or motor and sensory disability in children.
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Children with encephalopathy are at risk for cognitive deficits even in the absence of functional deficits. Survivors without disability have delayed entry into primary school and fine-motor dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities.
Hypothermia to 33 to 34°C for 72 hours, when initiated within 6 hours after birth among infants of more than 35 weeks' gestational age with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, has been shown to reduce the risk of death or disability and increase the rate of survival free of disability . . .
Journal Article
Using Virtual Interactive Training Agents (ViTA) with Adults with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities
Conversational virtual human (VH) agents are increasingly used to support role-play experiential learning. This project examined whether a Virtual Interactive Training Agent (ViTA) system would improve job interviewing skills in individuals with autism and developmental disabilities (N = 32). A linear mixed model was employed to evaluate adjusted least square mean differences of means scores on the Marino Interview Assessment Scale (MIAS) across different time points. The mean score of MIAS over all questions increased between the first ViTA session and the final face-to-face interview. Participants developed the ability to identify strengths, self-promote, self-advocate, answer situational questions, and respond to behavioral/social questions as measured by multiple evaluations using the MIAS.
Journal Article
The contemporary view of intellectual and developmental disabilities: Implications for psychologists
The field of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is currently experiencing a significant transformation that encompasses an integrated approach, especially regarding shared aspects such as a focus on the human and legal rights, the eligibility for services and supports, and an emphasis on individualized supports provided within inclusive community-based environments. Accompanying this transformation is the increased need of precision in both the operational definitions of IDD-related constructs, and the terminology used to describe the respective construct.
the specialized literature was revised, and previous works on the subject by the authors were updated.
This article provides psychologists with the current definition of intellectual disability, operational definitions of intellectual disability and developmental disabilities constructs and associated terminology, and the parameters of an integrated approach to disability.
Implications for psychologists who are involved in diagnosis, classification, and planning supports for persons with intellectual or developmental disability are discussed.
Journal Article