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This paper presents modelling and experimental validation for improving the performances of a marine diesel generator engine. Based on the diesel engine theory, the laws of conservation of energy, and the principle of movement of flow through turbocharger nozzle, a mathematical model of a real turbocharged engine was built, concentrating on the mathematic model of flow through nozzles. This model is simulated by Matlab/Simulink program, the results of simulation showed the relationships between the engine and the turbocharger, the turbine and the compressor, and between the nozzles and the turbocharger. The experiments were carried out to validate this model, the errors between the simulation and measure were acceptable. The measure and simulation results also determined that at the low load conditions (<50% load) engine performances can be improved by adjusting nozzle opening degree (from fully opening to 90% and 80% opening).

The concept of Islanded Hybrid Power System (IHPS) has attracted considerable interest lately, especially for energizing remote or energy-poor locations. IHPS are more dependable and cost-effective alternatives to systems using only one energy source when properly constructed. IHPS configuration, including Diesel Engine Generator (DEG), Photovoltaic (PV) systems, and Battery Storage (BATT) elements, are desirable for islanded systems about price and dependability. IHPS mostly use Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for power production, which is variable. Consequently, these variations often make it difficult for traditional control systems to maximize efficiency across various operating environments. The current research discusses the requirement for more effective frequency control in IHPS by suggesting a Model Reference Adaptive Control-Fuzzy Proportional Integral based Whale Optimization Algorithm (MRAC-FPI-WOA) controller. The proposed controller can efficiently manage a range of disturbances by dynamically adjusting its control techniques. The current research conducts an evaluation study comparing the effectiveness of the suggested MRAC-FPI-WOA controller against FPI-WOA, PI-WOA, and PI-PSO controllers. The key evaluation criteria are the ability to maintain stability in frequency within the IHPS and the effectiveness of power production in the overall system. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the MRAC-FPI-WOA controller across diverse operational scenarios. Notably, during a three-phase fault at Bus2, the MRAC-FPI-WOA controller achieves significant performance enhancements over the PI-PSO controller, with reductions of 59.05% in maximum overshoot (% ), 72.83% in maximum undershoot (% ), 32.07% in settling time ( ), and 34.81% in the integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE). A similar trend is observed during a three-phase fault at the tie-line, where the MRAC-FPI-WOA controller yields improvements of 57.47% in % , 79.36% in % , 40.9% in , and 78.08% in ITAE. Furthermore, the controller exhibits exceptional dynamic responsiveness to ramp variations in solar radiation, substantially reducing % by 96.72%, % by 95.24%, by 22.79%, and ITAE by 89.69%. Additionally, it demonstrates robust adaptability to random solar radiation fluctuations, consistently optimizing transient response with reductions of 96.63% in % , 99.58% in % , 22.07% in , and 95.23% in ITAE.

The present paper discusses the modeling and analysis of a diesel–wind generating system capable enough to cater to the electrical power requirements of a small consumer group or society. Due to high variations of the load demand or due to changes in the wind speed, the frequency of the diesel–wind system will be highly disturbed, and hence to regulate the frequency and power deviations of the wind turbine system, an effective controller design is a necessary requirement, and therefore this paper proposes a novel controller design based on PID scheme. The parameters of this controller is effectively optimized through a new snake optimizer (SO) in an offline manner to minimize frequency and power deviations of an isolated diesel–wind system. The performance of SO-PID for the diesel–wind system is evaluated by considering the integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE), integral absolute error (IAE), and integral of time multiplied square error (ITSE). The results were calculated for a step change in load, step change in wind speed, load change at different instants of time with diverse magnitude, and for random load patterns, and they were compared with some of the recently published results under similar working conditions. In addition, the effect of an ultracapacitor (UC) and redox flow battery (RFB) on SO-PID was investigated for the considered system, and the application results demonstrated the advantages of our proposal over other studied designs.

This article validates the operational effectiveness of a fuzzy-based multistage cascaded proportional integral derivative fractional filter (PIDFN) controller which enhances the frequency regulation of an interconnected islanded microgrid system. The effect of the ambiguous nature of renewable energy resources and test cases concerning different load variations are applied to verify the robustness of the proposed controller. The superiority of the proposed controller upon proportional-integral-derivative (PID), fractional-order PID (FOPID), and Fuzzy FOPID controller in minimizing frequency alteration has been verified through MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

Modeling, simulation, and performance analysis of an isolated hybrid power system (IHPS) consisting of solar thermal power plant, diesel engine generator (DEG), and wind turbine generator (WTG) are done in this paper. Performance of the studied IHPS model has been studied under two different input conditions, viz. (a) step change in load disturbance and wind perturbation and (b) random change in load disturbance and solar and wind perturbation. For better frequency stabilization of the system, proportional–integral–derivative (PID), integral–tilt–derivative (I-TD), and tilt–integral–derivative (TID) controllers are used (one at a time) for controlling governor of the DEG and pitch of the WTG. To obtain better performance for the studied IHPS model, the controller gains are tuned by using quasi-oppositional-based whale optimization algorithm. A comparative dynamic response of frequency deviation profile has been carried out under individual presence of PID, I-TD, and TID controllers. The transient responses of the system pertaining to step and random changes in the load disturbance and solar and wind perturbation are plotted and analyzed. It is revealed from this work that the performance of the proposed TID controller is better than the other controllers for this specific application.

In recent decades, appearance of micro grid and prodigious achievement of smart grid comparing with conventional power plants has been offered. In this paper a smart grid that consists of diesel engine generator, electrolyzer, ultra capacitor and solar cell, is offered and with some load disturbances and switching off in diesel generator is analyzed. The proposed smart grid has two produced energy; electrical energy and hydrogen gaseous. Using PI controllers as concrete controllers is suggested for frequency control. The implementations of frequency control in suggested smart grid are both a function that is called frequency deviation function and proportional and integral gains in controller.

Abstract It has been realized that attenuation of the noise radiated from diesel engine generating sets is a challenge for the designer. The enclosure, which may be designed for noise reduction, has to allow for the flow of the necessary amount of air. The present work is an attempt to tackle such a contradictory problem. A mathematical model is developed to predict the enclosure design configuration. The parameters affecting the insertion loss, such as enclosure and silencer dimensions, number of baffles, and sound absorption material specifications are taken into account. To verify the developed model, experimental measurements based on ISO 8528 part 10 are conducted. Four different generating sets covering a wide range of power rating are employed. The effect of changing each parameter on the insertion loss is studied separately for the chosen range. Design charts, based on the results of the present investigation, are constructed to facilitate the section of a proper acoustical enclosure configuration at the preliminary design stage.

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to scrutinize the influence of a binary blend of diesel–safflower oil biodiesel and ternary blends of diesel–biodiesel–pentanol on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel power generator. The test fuels were prepared on volume basis by splash blending and named as follows: B20, B20P5, B20P10, B20P15, and B20P20. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, naturally aspirated, and direct-injection diesel engine at four engine loads with a constant engine speed of 3000 rpm. According to the results, ternary blends vaguely reduced BTE while increased BSFC up to 13.90% as compared to diesel. In addition, an increase in pentanol concentration has a considerable effect on the decrease in NOX emissions. It is noted that the addition of pentanol to diesel–biodiesel blend caused to lower emissions (CO, HC, and smoke), whereas CO2 emission increased noticeably thanks to the more complete combustion due to the excess oxygen content. Reviewing combustion analysis results, pentanol addition led to decrease heat release rate and lower ignition delay up to 15% blend ratio compared to diesel. Based on the present study, pentanol can be evaluated as a promising type of higher alcohol for the compression ignition engines in the near future.Graphic abstract

The predominance of petroleum-based fuels is lessened by the preference for biodiesel as an alternative. However, one of the adverse effects arising from the use of biodiesel is the formation of waste heat. The novel aspect of this study proposes a sustainable solution that will decelerate global warming by recovering waste heat through a new exhaust design equipped with thermoelectric generators. The study obtained test fuels by blending vegetable-derived biodiesel in five different volumetric ratios (0, 10%, 20%, 50%, and 100%). The experiments were carried out at three different constant engine speeds (1000, 1250, and 1500 RPM) and five different engine loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on a single-cylinder diesel engine. At the end of the experiment, the combustion characteristics, engine performance, exhaust emissions, waste heat values, and electrical energy gained from the thermoelectric system of biodiesel blend fuels compared to diesel were evaluated. Specific fuel consumption, effective efficiency, exhaust gas temperatures, exhaust emissions, and electrical power generation with TEG in the diesel engine were evaluated, focusing on the different biodiesel blend ratios, engine load, and engine speeds.