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Milling spiral bevel gears using the cutterhead to form the line contact conjugate flank with tapered teeth depth is challenging. With this milling process, only local contact based on the reference point can be realized, making it difficult to adjust the contact area and limiting the gear load capacity. To solve the above problems, we develop machining and modelling methods of line contact spiral bevel gears with tapered teeth depth. First, a machining method of line contact spiral bevel gears with the conical finger-type milling cutter was proposed based on the generating gear principle. Second, we developed a cutting motion model based on the cutting motion analysis between the milling cutter and workpiece. Then, the milling cutter’s cutting path equation was solved based on the above cutting motion model. Finally, according to the digital simulation principle, a tooth flank modelling method was explained based on the milling cutter’s envelope motion. The contact simulation analysis and machining test showed that the machined example pair is in full-tooth flank contact, which verified the correctness of the machining and modelling methods. The research results provide a new idea for designing and machining line contact spiral bevel gears.

\"Written by leaders in the field, this book provides a thorough and insightful presentation of the research methodology on emotion recognition in a highly comprehensive writing style. Topics covered include emotional feature extraction, facial recognition, human-computer interface design, neuro-fuzzy techniques, support vector machine (SVM), reinforcement learning, principal component analysis, the hidden Markov model, and probabilistic models. The result is a innovative edited volume on this timely topic for computer science and electrical engineering students and professionals\"-- Provided by publisher.

Simulation Modeling and Analysis with Arena is a highly readable textbook which treats the essentials of the Monte Carlo discrete-event simulation methodology, and does so in the context of a popular Arena simulation environment.\" It treats simulation modeling as an in-vitro laboratory that facilitates the understanding of complex systems and experimentation with what-if scenarios in order to estimate their performance metrics. The book contains chapters on the simulation modeling methodology and the underpinnings of discrete-event systems, as well as the relevant underlying probability, statistics, stochastic processes, input analysis, model validation and output analysis. All simulation-related concepts are illustrated in numerous Arena examples, encompassing production lines, manufacturing and inventory systems, transportation systems, and computer information systems in networked settings. · Introduces the concept of discrete event Monte Carlo simulation, the most commonly used methodology for modeling and analysis of complex systems· Covers essential workings of the popular animated simulation language, ARENA, including set-up, design parameters, input data, and output analysis, along with a wide variety of sample model applications from production lines to transportation systems· Reviews elements of statistics, probability, and stochastic processes relevant to simulation modeling* Ample end-of-chapter problems and full Solutions Manual* Includes CD with sample ARENA modeling programs

The construction industry is on the verge of a digital transformation. Consequently, the gap widens between industry demands and fresh graduate capabilities. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a paradigm shift in the teaching approach for construction management education. To meet both industry demands and student expectations, Game-Based Learning (GBL) can substantially enhance both technical and transferable skills for digital-native students who struggle with traditional teaching methods. Although the body of knowledge recognizes GBL in general, their utilization remains limited in construction management. Moreover, there is little discussion on the design process of educational games. To address these gaps, this study adopted a unique approach to educational game design by developing a time-management strategy game about resource management in construction projects with unpredictable events. This paper presents the game design process and evaluation results of a single-player digital game called ‘Always Under Stress’ developed using the Godot game engine. The goal of the game is to introduce resource management in construction projects and its associated challenges. The design and development steps, game engine, and workflow are discussed in-depth in relation to the learning objectives. In addition, this study explains how elements of randomness in educational game design can be used to challenge students’ planning and adaptability skills. Various stakeholders (n = 31), comprising of students, professors, and industry professionals, were invited to evaluate the game across six dimensions of educational game design. Results revealed positive reception towards the developed prototype regarding educational value and critical comments regarding user experience and onboarding for beginners. The findings of this study provide invaluable guidelines, considerations and lessons learned for prospective educational game designers and researchers.

Prefabricated buildings have become important in the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry due to their advantages, including high efficiency, energy conservation, low cost, and environmental friendliness. To further promote the wide application of prefabricated construction, the improvement of construction organization design has become an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, this study developed a new evaluation method for prefabricated construction collaboration. The proposed evaluation system was built based on the combination of knowledge- and data-driven approaches, i.e., a dual-driven evaluation method. The knowledge-driven part of this evaluation system used an evaluation model based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), while the data-driven part used a prediction model based on the BO-XGBoost algorithm to verify the validity of the AHP-based model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dual-driven evaluation system, we conducted a case analysis using the data of 204 construction cases obtained from digital simulation platform experiments. The results of the AHP-based evaluation model showed that there was a significant disparity in construction collaboration levels in this case study, with a large proportion of low-level collaboration cases. This indicated that there was a lack of proper collaboration in project management, component production, and on-site assembly, reflecting the urgent need for improvement in collaboration efficiency. Regarding the data-driven analysis, the BO-XGBoost prediction model was built based on the AHP-based evaluation results. It was found that the prediction accuracy of the BO-XGBoost model was as high as 98.1%, indicating that the proposed AHP-based model was scientific and effective. Moreover, the BO-XGBoost model was compared with the random forest, support vector machine, and logistic regression prediction models. The BO-XGBoost model outperformed the other three prediction models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall rate, and F1 score. The proposed dual-driven evaluation system provided a new perspective for the scientific evaluation of prefabricated construction collaboration. The findings of this study contributed to enhancing the project management optimization capability of smart construction sites.

A dissipating energy‐based technique is proposed to locate the source of forced oscillations (FOs) in power systems. The network and load information is incorporated into the developed algorithm and continuously updated using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) measurement. The effect of electromechanical damping on system response in FO scenario is discussed; and therefore, the efficiency of the proposed technique to locate the source has been investigated. The proposed methodology is tested and verified for different simulation test cases and for different scenario viz. for single and multiple sources of disturbances. In the case of multiple sources of disturbances with different time of initiation of the disturbance, the proposed technique successfully locates all sources in their time durations of disturbance. Different load models have been evaluated for their impact on the success of the proposed algorithm in a real‐time digital simulation environment. The proposed technique is successfully verified for the test cases reported by the IEEE PES Task Force on Oscillation Source Location.

VHDL, the IEEE standard hardware description language for describing digital electronic systems, allows engineers to describe the structure and specify the function of a digital system as well as simulate and test it before manufacturing. In addition, designers use VHDL to synthesize a more detailed structure of the design, freeing them to concentrate on more strategic design decisions and reduce time to market. Adopted by designers around the world, the VHDL family-of-standards have recently been revised to address a range of issues, including portability across synthesis tools. This best-selling comprehensive tutorial for the language and authoritative reference on its use in hardware design at all levels, from system to gates, has been revised to reflect the new IEEE standard, VHDL-2001. The author presents the entire description language and builds a modeling methodology based on successful software engineering techniques. This second edition updates the first, retaining the author’s unique ability to teach this complex subject to a broad audience of students and practicing professionals.

Distributed power flow controller, which is among the most powerful distributed flexible transmission equipments, is still only in the stage of the oretical research and digital simulation. In order to promote the engineering demonstration of a distributed power flow controller, it is urgent to establish a digital/analog simulation platform that supports closed-loop real-time simulation of a distributed power flow controller. In this paper, the electromagnetic transient model of a distributed power flow controller is established on ADPSS (advanced digital power system simulator). The rapid control prototype realized by dSPACE is connected to ADPSS to form a digital/analog sim­ulation platform for a distributed power flow controller. Through a voltage control and power flow control simulation of the test system with a distributed power flow controller, the correctness and effectiveness of the constructed simulation platform are verified, which provides a new way for the verification of the new theory of a distributed power flow controller.

Hydraulic systems can be found everywhere, transmitting very large forces very quickly. Like all systems, they wear out and suffer damage. It is therefore important to be able to diagnose the systems to know whether their behaviour is correct or not. This requires different tools, such as digital simulation and the implementation of procedures. Thanks to these, it is possible to know the theoretical behaviour of the system. Our brief study focuses on the implementation of procedures in order to be able to set up a whole battery of diagnostics.