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A simple low-cost hydrothermal method has been developed to fabricate uniformly dispersed octahedral Fe sub(3)O sub(4) nanoparticles with tunable size. The particle size can be reduced to 20-30 nm under the effect of phosphate, meanwhile, the edetate disodium can improve the dispersivity of particles. High-resolution transmission electron microscope showed that the octahedral Fe sub(3)O sub(4) nanoparticle was enclosed by eight (111) planes. Octahedral gamma -Fe sub(2)O sub(3) nanoparticles were obtained by reoxidizing the as-synthesized Fe sub(3)O sub(4) nanoparticles. The microwave absorption properties of the octahedral Fe sub(3)O sub(4) and gamma -Fe sub(2)O sub(3) nanoparticles were measured in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz. A minimum reflection loss of -28 dB was observed at 8.6 GHz for octahedral Fe sub(3)O sub(4) nanoparticles.

Two variants of differential phase-shiftkeying with π and π/2 shifts are compared theoretically. The expressions are derived for dispersion averaged over all the realisations of the bit sequence. It is shown that in the presence of strong optical filtering the π/2 scheme yields less dispersion of pulses and much better Q-factor in agreement with the experiment. The inequality is confirmed by numerical calculation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

The relative intensity noise (RIN) properties at different wavelengths and power levels for picosecond supercontinuum (SC) generated by pumping a PCF in its normal dispersion regime is investigated. For low power levels, the all-normal SC is generated while the generated SC extends beyond the zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) at high power levels. The RIN measurements are compared with a red-edge matched SC generated in a highly nonlinear PCF pumped in the anomalous dispersion regime close to its ZDW.

Multiprincipal-element alloys are an enabling class of materials owing to their impressive mechanical and oxidation-resistant properties, especially in extreme environments. Here we develop a new oxide-dispersion-strengthened NiCoCr-based alloy using a model-driven alloy design approach and laser-based additive manufacturing. This oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy, called GRX-810, uses laser powder bed fusion to disperse nanoscale Y2O3 particles throughout the microstructure without the use of resource-intensive processing steps such as mechanical or in situ alloying. We show the successful incorporation and dispersion of nanoscale oxides throughout the GRX-810 build volume via high-resolution characterization of its microstructure. The mechanical results of GRX-810 show a twofold improvement in strength, over 1,000-fold better creep performance and twofold improvement in oxidation resistance compared with the traditional polycrystalline wrought Ni-based alloys used extensively in additive manufacturing at 1,093 °C. The success of this alloy highlights how model-driven alloy designs can provide superior compositions using far fewer resources compared with the ‘trial-and-error’ methods of the past. These results showcase how future alloy development that leverages dispersion strengthening combined with additive manufacturing processing can accelerate the discovery of revolutionary materials.

The paper presents the transport module of the System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition SILAM v.5 based on the advection algorithm of Michael Galperin. This advection routine, so far weakly presented in the international literature, is positively defined, stable at any Courant number, and efficient computationally. We present the rigorous description of its original version, along with several updates that improve its monotonicity and shape preservation, allowing for applications to long-living species in conditions of complex atmospheric flows. The scheme is connected with other parts of the model in a way that preserves the sub-grid mass distribution information that is a cornerstone of the advection algorithm. The other parts include the previously developed vertical diffusion algorithm combined with dry deposition, a meteorological pre-processor, and chemical transformation modules. The quality of the advection routine is evaluated using a large set of tests. The original approach has been previously compared with several classic algorithms widely used in operational dispersion models. The basic tests were repeated for the updated scheme and extended with real-wind simulations and demanding global 2-D tests recently suggested in the literature, which allowed one to position the scheme with regard to sophisticated state-of-the-art approaches. The advection scheme performance was fully comparable with other algorithms, with a modest computational cost. This work was the last project of Dr. Sci. Michael Galperin, who passed away on 18 March 2008.

Dispersion processes in environmental flows have been traditionally studied under the strong assumption of homogeneous, isotropic and stationary turbulence. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new approach that combines autocorrelation analysis of simulated Lagrangian trajectories together with unsupervised clustering. To test the approach, we consider several dynamic scenarios around a coastal gulf, subject to different forcing, in order to compare our method with other approaches. Lagrangian trajectories forced by the varying coastal circulation exhibited different behaviors, looping and non‐looping paths, and produced a variety of Lagrangian autocorrelation functions. Our approach proves to be able to reveal spatio‐temporal variations in ocean dispersion processes without any a priori knowledge of the character of the trajectories. Clusters based on the autocorrelation functions are associated to different inhomogeneous dispersion processes. Finally, we propose a new stochastic model capable of predicting the different forms of autocorrelations. Plain Language Summary Ocean and coastal circulations develop in complex domains, especially along the shorelines, and the resulting flow is turbulent in character and inherits the inhomogeneities from the generating forces. When we come to study how these chaotic circulations transport mass, we must expect that the associated dispersion is equally turbulent and high variable in time and space. Observations of particle paths taught us how the trajectories could be complicated, often showing looping behaviors generated by different mechanisms. Despite this complexity, many available studies on ocean and coastal dispersion rely on considering the process as homogeneous (no variations in space) and, applying different spatial and temporal averages, try to grasp the overall picture of the dispersion. We propose a new approach that combines the fundamentals of the dispersion theories with an automated algorithm for clustering. We show that this approach is able to retain the highly inhomogeneous character of the ocean dispersion, at the same time, showing the physical link between the circulations and its ability to transport mass. Key Points We formulated and applied a clustering algorithm to classify oceanographic dispersion processes starting from Lagrangian trajectories A new analytic model for the autocorrelation functions is proposed which well describes loopers and non‐loopers particles behaviors We identified three characteristic time scales to distinguish complex inhomogeneous dispersion processes typical of ocean circulations

High-performance structural materials (HPSMs) are needed for the successful and safe design of fission and fusion reactors. Their operation is associated with unprecedented fluxes of high-energy neutrons and thermomechanical loadings. In fission reactors, HPSMs are used, e.g., for fuel claddings, core internal structural components and reactor pressure vessels. Even stronger requirements are expected for fourth-generation supercritical water fission reactors, with a particular focus on the HPSM’s corrosion resistance. The first wall and blanket structural materials in fusion reactors are subjected not only to high energy neutron irradiation, but also to strong mechanical, heat and electromagnetic loadings. This paper presents a historical and state-of-the-art summary focused on the properties and application potential of irradiation-resistant alloys predominantly strengthened by an oxide dispersion. These alloys are categorized according to their matrix as ferritic, ferritic–martensitic and austenitic. Low void swelling, high-temperature He embrittlement, thermal and irradiation hardening and creep are typical phenomena most usually studied in ferritic and ferritic martensitic oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys. In contrast, austenitic ODS alloys exhibit an increased corrosion and oxidation resistance and a higher creep resistance at elevated temperatures. This is why the advantages and drawbacks of each matrix-type ODS are discussed in this paper.

In order to accurately identify various types of ships and develop coastal defenses, a single feature extraction method based on slope entropy (SlEn) and a double feature extraction method based on SlEn combined with permutation entropy (SlEn&PE) are proposed. Firstly, SlEn is used for the feature extraction of ship-radiated noise signal (SNS) compared with permutation entropy (PE), dispersion entropy (DE), fluctuation dispersion entropy (FDE), and reverse dispersion entropy (RDE), so that the effectiveness of SlEn is verified, and SlEn has the highest recognition rate calculated by the k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Secondly, SlEn is combined with PE, DE, FDE, and RDE, respectively, to extract the feature of SNS for a higher recognition rate, and SlEn&PE has the highest recognition rate after the calculation of the KNN algorithm. Lastly, the recognition rates of SlEn and SlEn&PE are compared, and the recognition rates of SlEn&PE are higher than SlEn by 4.22%. Therefore, the double feature extraction method proposed in this paper is more effective in the application of ship type recognition.

The generation of Kerr frequency combs in a coherently driven nonlinear microresonator is now extensively investigated more generally by the research community as a potentially portable technology for a variety of applications. Here, we report experiments in which dark pulse combs are formed in normal-dispersion microresonators with mode-interaction-assisted excitation, and mode-locking transitions are observed in the normal-dispersion regime. The mode-interaction-aided excitation of dark pulses appears to occur through a deterministic pathway, in sharp contrast to the situation for bright pulses in the anomalous dispersion region. The ability to mode-lock in the normal-dispersion regime increases the freedom in the microresonator design and may make it possible to extend Kerr comb generation into the visible, where material dispersion is likely to dominate. Dark pulse combs are formed in normal-dispersion microresonators with mode-interaction-assisted excitation, increasing freedom in microresonator design and potentially extending Kerr comb generation into the visible wavelength regime.

Roton dispersion relations were firstly predicted by Landau and have been extensively explored in correlated quantum systems at low temperatures. Recently, the roton-like dispersion relations were theoretically extended to classical acoustics, which, however, have remained elusive in reality. Here, we report the experimental observation of roton-like dispersions in acoustic metamaterials with beyond-nearest-neighbour interactions at ambient temperatures. The resulting metamaterial supports multiple coexisting modes with different wavevectors and group velocities at the same frequency and broadband backward waves, analogous to the ‘return flow’ termed by Feynman in the context of rotons. By increasing the order of long-range interaction, we observe multiple rotons on a single dispersion band, which have never appeared in Landau’s prediction or any other condensed-matter or classical-wave studies. Moreover, we have also theoretically proposed and experimentally observed multidirectional roton-like dispersion relations in a two-dimensional nonlocal acoustic metamaterial. The realization of roton-like dispersions in metamaterials could pave the way to explore novel physics and applications on quantum-inspired phenomena in classical systems.