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Foreign direct investment and private capital flows are highly concentrated geographically, with almost half of them reaching five top destinations. These flows tend to evade many high-risk countries. Regulatory and contractual risks, particularly in infrastructure, have inhibited investments in many parts of the developing world. A core objective of the World Bank Group (WBG) has been to support the flow of private investment for development; guarantees and insurance have been among the instruments that the WBG has used to pursue this objective. This study examines three main questions: • Should the WBG be in the guarantee business? • Have guarantee instruments in the three WBG institutions been used to their potential as reflected in WBG expectations and perceived demand? • Is the WBG appropriately organized to deliver its range of guarantee products in an effective and efficient manner?

The study examined the relationship between organisational trust, organisational commitment and turnover intention among employees of banks in Ghana. Participants were drawn from both domestic banks and foreign-owned banks. A cross-sectional research design was adopted for this study and a sample of 128 participants was conveniently selected for the study. A set of questionnaires measuring organisational trust, organisational commitment and turnover intention were administered to the participants. Analysis of the data revealed a significant negative relationship between organisational trust and turnover intention. Also, a significant negative relationship between organisational commitment and turnover intention was observed. Organisational commitment was identified as the only significant predictor of turnover intention and accounted for 43.6% of the variance in turnover intention. Further analysis showed that the affective component (β = −.374, p < .001) accounted for the most strength in reducing turnover intention than the continuance (β = −.246, p < .01) and normative components (β = −.245, p < .001). Organisational commitment was found to be significantly higher in foreign banks than in domestic banks. The turnover intention was significantly higher in domestic banks than in foreign banks. Concerning organisational trust, no significant difference was observed between domestic and foreign banks. Relevant stakeholders in the banking sector need to pay attention to the significant roles of organisational trust and organisational commitment in mitigating the turnover intentions of their employees.

This paper studies multivariate dynamic analysis of capital inflows in relation with domestic bank’s credit which has not been investigated earlier adequately in the context of Indian economy. Using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, we find the existence of co-integration over the period 1991 Q3 to 2022 Q1. The long-run ARDL regression model results show net equity inflows, i.e. net foreign direct investment, and net non-equity inflows, i.e. foreign loan, are significant to influence domestic bank credit. Result also reveals that depreciation of exchange rate and current account (trade) deficit increase bank credit. Outcome of this research contributes significantly to frame effective monetary policy in the Indian context.

PurposeFamily ownership is very common for Jordanian businesses, leading to a high level of involvement of family members in company management. There continues to be intense discussion on the pros and cons of family ownership, particularly as it focuses corporate control within a small family group. The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of family- and non-family-owned banks that appear on the Amman Stock Exchange over the 2016 to 2020 period.Design/methodology/approachThe research on Jordanian domestic banks is based on data from the annual reports of banks listed on their websites which offers comprehensive data on finances, ownership and the board. Family-owned and non-family banks were analysed using multiple regression technique to identify any variations in their performance.FindingsUsing a sample of 16 domestic banks with 75 bank-year observations over the 2016 to 2020 period, the study supports other research in finding that family ownership is negatively related to bank performance. This is true for accounting-based and market-based performance measures, including return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobin's Q test results. Additionally, analysis identifies greater negative consequences for performance within family-owned banks by board of directors.Originality/valueThis paper extends previous research on family businesses by investigating the impact of family ownership on the financial performance in the Jordanian bank sector. This research determined that devaluation is a consequence of higher levels of ownership concentration for domestic banks in Jordan.

This paper analyses bank intermediation in emerging market economies (EMEs) at the height of the 2008-09 global financial crisis. The analysis is based on central bank responses to a BIS questionnaire prepared in July 2009, and thus provides a unique snapshot that can be used for studies of commercial banking activity in EMEs before and after the crisis. EME banks by and large adjusted to the crisis in ways that stabilised their financial positions. On the funding side, they reduced reliance on wholesale markets and sought to attract retail deposits. On the lending side, banks slowed new lending, shifted towards less risky loans and increased their holdings of government bonds. In an effort to boost liquidity, banks shortened the maturity of their assets, relied less on the interbank market and increased the scope of their transactions with central banks. Foreign and domestically-owned banks adjusted to the crisis in similar ways.

This article investigates the impact of bank-specific, market-specific and macroeconomic factors on the profitability of the banking sector in Serbia in the period 2004-2011. We use three panel datasets: for all banks in a sample and for domestic and foreign banks. The Hausman test was performed in order to test whether a fixed or a random effects model should be used in the regression analysis. The results are compared to the findings of previous research which was focused on EU countries. Moreover, the crisis effect on the profitability of banks in Serbia has been considered. The results show that bank-specific and market-specific factors have influence on bank profitability, but macroeconomic factors do not. We find that influence of liquidity ratio and a measure of financial development on profitability of banks are in contrast in Serbia compared to EU countries. The results also show that different factors influence profitability of domestic and foreign banks and that crisis has an opposite effect on profitability of domestic and foreign banks.

Malaysian Islamic banks operate in different organizational structures, namely domestic, locally foreign incorporated, and development financial institutions which may have an influence on their stability. This research evaluates the bankruptcy profiles of 19 selected Malaysian Islamic banks from 2010 to 2017 and analyses the insolvency risk associated with the three different organizational structures. Using the Altman’s Z-Score Model (2000), a stability test was conducted. Findings/Originality: the paper finds that, on average, the development financial institutions were the most stable banks, followed by foreign Islamic banks. It also finds that bigger domestic Islamic banks were situated in the safe zone as they had high Z-score values. Furthermore, asset quality ratio contributed to higher Z-score values. An appropriate asset-liability management therefore helps ensure the stability of Islamic banks in Malaysia. An effective macroprudential supervisory regime must also be in place to increase the resilience of the financial system.

This paper develops a stylized, small, open economy macro model that incorporates an explicit and non-trivial role for financial intermediation. It illustrates how such a model could be used for policy analysis in an emerging market economy where policymakers are concerned about risks associated with rapid credit growth, financial dollarization, and foreign borrowing, while lacking traditional tools to effect monetary policy transmission, and hence could resort to more direct instruments, such as foreign exchange market intervention and regulatory and administrative measures. Calibrating the model to a stylized emerging European economy, the paper simulates real and financial sector implications of various external and policy-related shocks that could be used as input for monetary policy making.

Barring the realization of downside risks to the global economy, growth in the Asia and the Pacific region is expected to gain momentum over the course of 2012, according to this report, and now projected at 6 percent in 2012, rising to about 6½ percent in 2013. Stronger economic and policy fundamentals have helped buffer the region's economies against the global financial crisis, by limiting adverse financial market spillovers and ameliorating the impact of deleveraging by European banks, but a sharp fall in exports to advanced economies and a reversal of foreign capital flows would have a severe impact on the region. The region's policymakers now face the difficult task of calibrating the amount of insurance needed to support stable, noninflationary growth. Some Asian and Pacific economies can afford to lengthen the pause in the normalization of their macroeconomic policies that was initiated when the global recovery stalled late in 2011; others may need a faster return to more neutral policy stances. Similarly, the pace of fiscal consolidation should be calibrated to country-specific circumstances. Additional chapters in the report discuss whether China is rebalancing and the particular challenges facing Asian low-income and small island economies.

Malaysian Islamic banks operate in different organizational structures, namely domestic, locally foreign incorporated, and development financial institutions which may have an influence on their stability. This research evaluates the bankruptcy profiles of 19 selected Malaysian Islamic banks from 2010 to 2017 and analyses the insolvency risk associated with the three different organizational structures. Using the Altman’s ZScore Model (2000), a stability test was conducted. Findings/Originality: the paper finds that, on average, the development financial institutions were the most stable banks, followed by foreign Islamic banks. It also finds that bigger domestic Islamic banks were situated in the safe zone as they had high Zscore values. Furthermore, asset quality ratio contributed to higher Zscore values. An appropriate assetliability management therefore helps ensure the stability of Islamic banks in Malaysia. An effective macroprudential supervisory regime must also be in place to increase the resilience of the financial system.