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Purpose Interdependence on the global economy and rapid technological changes raised the degree of uncertainty and complexity, leading to innovation challenges. Innovation depends on knowledge, and the solution might rest on how sound firms manage it, particularly in emerging markets such as India. The purpose of this paper is to examine how firms implement knowledge management (KM) in highly innovation-oriented firms (biotechnology and pharmaceuticals) and the factors affecting its implementation by examining knowledge interactions between individuals. Design/methodology/approach This study consists of a systematic literature review, a case study with embedded units and the use of grounded theory to analyse the data. The factors emerging from the results were examined from an individual and organisational lens. Next, complexity theory (CT) was used to understand the impact of these factors in KM by facilitating its incorporation as a system. Findings The findings of this paper suggest that constant technology adoption increases human-to-technology interaction, higher circulation of existing knowledge and more controlled environments, discouraging individuals from learning or sharing knowledge. From a system perspective, results of this paper suggest that firms self-organise around technology, indicating that innovation decreases as knowledge creation and sharing tend to reduce with lesser social interactions. This study shows the usefulness of using CT in analysing KM for innovation. The performance of the system is analysed based on its constituents and interactions. Originality/value This study contributes to advancing CT in KM in the context of innovation in highly knowledge-intensive firms, as few studies were found in the literature.

The 1997 Bank reforms that introduced the matrix management concept aimed to adapt the organization to changing circumstances and address concerns among external stakeholders about the role of aid in development. The reforms were motivated largely by widespread recognition that the Bank's development programs were excessively driven by a culture of lending, with insufficient attention to client needs and the quality of results, which are crucial to development effectiveness. A previous round of reforms in 1987 had strengthened the country focus, but quality remained a concern. Furthermore, access of developing countries to development finance from the private sector had increased significantly, leading to a decreasing share of official development aid, including Bank financing, in total flows to developing countries. This trend has continued after slight interruption by the Asian financial crisis. In 1987, World Bank lending represented 15 percent of all external financing for developing countries. By 2002 Bank lending had declined to 4 percent of external financing (organizational effectiveness task force: final report, 2005). Changes in the external environment indicate that the matrix system is even more relevant today than when it was introduced. Client needs have diversified, with greater differentiation among countries, even within the regions; the growth of global public goods and corporate priorities is creating tensions and has given rise to new challenges which need to be reconciled with the country model; demand for cutting-edge knowledge is growing, both to enhance quality of lending and as a business line for policy and program advice to clients; and new global practices have emerged to meet needs such as information, communication and technology, and disaster management. The Bank's ability to renew itself and function as a truly global Bank is critical to its success.

This study explores the segmentation algorithm of item text data, especially of single long length data in health examination. In the specific implementation, a large amount of historical health examination data is analysed. Using the method of character statistics, the connection tightness values TABs between two adjacent characters are calculated. Three parameters, the candidate number N, the best position BP, and balance weight BW are set. The total segmentation indexes SIs are calculated, thus determined the segmentation position Pos. The optimal parameter values are determined by the method of information measurement. Experimental results show that the accuracy rate is 78.6% and reaches 82.9% in the most frequently appeared text item. The complexity of the algorithm is O(n). Using no existing domain knowledge, it is very simple and fast. By executed repeatedly, it is convenient to obtain the characteristics of each single item of text data, furthermore, to distinguish respective express preference of different physicians to the same item. The assumption is verified that without professional domain knowledge, a large amount of historical data can provide valuable clues for the text understanding. The results of this research are being applied and verified in the following research works in the field of health examination.

Purpose – In many industries, perceived service value is found to be a significant mediator between perceived service quality and customer satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, this paper aims to test a conceptual model of perceived service value with its antecedents, such as perceived price and perceived service quality, and consequences, customer satisfaction and loyalty, in the retail banking industry. Design/Methodology/Approach – For the empirical study, a measurement instrument was developed and tested for validity and reliability. Measures were assessed with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). A structural model with five reflective constructs was evaluated to test direct and indirect relationships among constructs.Findings and implications – Results confirm a mediating role of perceived value in relationships between perceived price, perceived service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty in the case of retail banking services.Limitations – Because the results are directly relevant only to customers and marketing managers of retail banking services, generalizations of the findings beyond the immediate population observed should be made with caution. Originality – This paper extends existing knowledge with both direct and indirect effects among researched concepts, and shows the importance of perceived service value in achieving satisfied and loyal customers in retail banking services.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The world of practice‐based evidence Practice‐based evidence for the psychological therapies Improving practice Enhancing evidence Towards amore complete and thorough evidence base Acknowledgements References

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Access to Knowledge and Information Technical Understanding Business Requirements Method Validation Summary Acknowledgments References

Unleashing India's Innovation: Toward Sustainable and Inclusive Growth provides nationaland local policy makers, private sector enterprises, academic and research institutions, internationalorganizations, and civil society with a better understanding of the power of innovation to fueleconomic growth and poverty reduction.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The context of the past and present Grasping contemporary opportunity to guide the future Emerging trends Future research directions Conclusion References

What do we mean when we say participatory communication? What are the practical implications of working with participatory communication strategies in development and social change processes? What experiences exists in practice that documents that participatory communication adds value to a development project or programme? The aim of this user guide on participatory communication is to provide answers to some of these questions. Many communication practitioners and development workers face obstacles and challenges in their practical work. A participatory communication strategy offers a very specific perspective on how to articulate social processes, decision-making processes and any change process for that matter. Participatory approaches are nothing new. However, what is new is the proliferation of institutions, especially governmental but also non-governmental, that seek participatory approaches in their development initiative. This guide seeks to provide perspectives, tools and experiences regarding how to go about it with participatory communication strategies. It is conceived as a guide that hopefully can be of relevance and utility for development workers in the field. It is targeted at both at government and their officials, World Bank staff and at civil society.

Individual characteristics such as personality, cognitive abilities, and intelligence have all been linked to creativity. Creativity at the individual level has been related to constructs as varied as: team cohesiveness, diversity, tenure and degree of cooperation among group members, job design, supervisory style, and the provision of performance feedback. Theories of creativity typically emphasize the role of individuals or small groups, with little or no recognition that creative tasks might well be embedded in larger organizational efforts entailing task interdependencies between units or across complex organizational systems. There are several opportunities for additional theoretical development related to knowledge management, creativity, and organizational learning. A deeper understanding of the organizational and psychological barriers to organizational learning would certainly comprise a worthy extension to existing research related to creativity.