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Research purpose. The conceptual framework for this study is grounded in third-generation innovation policies, often referred to as transformative or mission-oriented, which aim to tackle complex societal challenges posed by the Triple Transition through systemic innovation. Systemic governance frameworks are underpinned by multi-dimensional transformative social innovation (SI) with Living Labs (LLs) serving as platforms and mechanisms to identify and prioritise actors’ needs and challenges. Encompassing SI, systemic governance and next-generation LLs can better support the definition of STI policies to effectively respond to real community/context-driven demands, addressing persistent European competitiveness issues (e.g. the European Paradox of Innovation, which refers to the difficulty of translating scientific advancements into viable innovations). The driving research question is how social innovation can create tailored STI policies to address specific challenges in regional and national innovation ecosystems through the next-generation LLs. Design / Methodology / Approach. This study adopts a qualitative research methodology to explore the role of social innovation in shaping the next generation of LLs and their capacity to create tailored STI policies. Given the complexity of multi-actor innovation ecosystems, qualitative methods are well-suited for capturing nuanced perspectives, contextual dynamics and transformative governance processes across diverse regional and national settings. The research follows a case study approach, examining initiatives of varying maturity in different geographical and socio-cultural contexts. Purposeful and snowball sampling techniques identify key actors and initiatives prioritising diversity and representativeness. Data collection consists of 24 semi-structured in-depth interviews with experienced and emerging leaders involved in collaborative innovation initiatives. Data analysis employs advanced keyword coding using Atlas.ti, enabling a systematic exploration of key themes and patterns that inform the development of tailored STI policies within diverse innovation ecosystems. Findings. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of how SI contributes to the evolution of next-generation Living Labs, identifying key governance models, co-creation mechanisms and multi-stakeholder engagement strategies that enhance policy adaptability and responsiveness to local challenges. The findings will likely reveal best practices in integrating SI into policy design and implementation, offering insights into effective collaboration among public, private, academic and civil society actors (quadruple or n-helix cooperation). Originality / Value / Practical implications. The research will contribute to the broader discourse on innovation governance and provide actionable recommendations for policymakers seeking to enhance regional and national STI frameworks through socially driven innovation approaches.

Unemployment insurance (UI) protects individuals from the risk of earnings loss during unemployment (i.e. insurance value), but it also distorts incentives to search for jobs (i.e. moral hazard). During a recession (e.g. the recent COVID-19 pandemic), extending UI benefits is one major policy tool that can be used to protect workers against adverse shocks. Although the duration of benefits as opposed to benefit levels is at the center of UI policy debates, most existing studies focus on the welfare effect of changing the UI benefit level. Empirical evidence regarding the value and welfare impacts of extending UI benefits (e.g. increase the potential duration of UI) is still scant. On the other hand, to reduce the moral hazard effect of UI, some countries have offered re-employment bonuses as financial incentives to workers who find jobs quickly. In fact, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. government has considered implementing a re-employment bonus (i.e. a back-to-work bonus), to reduce the financial burd

家庭中父母對小孩性別偏好所造成的資源配置不均問題近年來深受重視，尤其在重男輕女的傳統社會。例如在印度，學者發現女嬰在出生之後得到的哺乳與照護都少於男嬰，女嬰的死亡率也較其他國家來得高。然而，以這些國家的資料來分析性別偏見對女性帶來的影響，研究的結果卻相當分歧，大部分研究發現女性並未因重男輕女的性別偏見而有不好的表現；在台灣，女性進入大學就讀的比例反而還高於男性。女性表現不比男性差是否就表示性別歧視導致的資源剝奪問題不存在？答案可能不是肯定的。女性可能因爲天生的性別特性，例如較具韌性，使得她們出生存活率高、在某些行爲上有較好的表現，導致我們所觀察到的男女差異低估了性別歧視的程度。有鑑於此，經濟學家近年來開始估計弟弟（相對於妹妹)對姐姐或哥哥敎育成就的影響，以便消除掉男女之間天生的差異。但即便如此，這方法運用到性別歧視嚴重的國家，例如印度，仍很難找到家庭內性別歧視的證據。諾貝爾經濟學獎得主Ester Duflo與Angus Deaton都指出這個實證上的難題。傳統迴歸模型估計弟弟對於姐姐或哥哥的敎育成就影響時，通常將觀察到的手足總數(小孩總數)放於控制變數之中，這樣的模型估計有一個假設，亦即弟弟的存在不會影響到兄弟姐妹的多寡。但這個假設在重男輕女的國家並不適用，因爲父母會一直生育到有兒子爲止（son-preferring stop rule），因此前幾胎小孩的性別組合將會影響到父母的總生育數。在此種生育決策之下，擁有弟弟對姐姐敎育表現的影響可能會透過兩種管道：一爲間接效果，就是透過減少手足總數而對姐姐敎育資源帶來的正向效果；另一爲直接效果，在小孩總數固定不變的情況之下，弟弟的存在對姐姐會造成資源掠奪負面效果，也就是性別歧視的效果。正是因爲這兩個管道的影響方向剛好相反、會相互抵銷，造成實證上弟弟對姐姐影響的總效果普遍太小或不顯著。最重要的是，在此種生育決策之下，傳統模型控制了一個「會受到手足性別影響的變數(實際的手足總數)」，造成所謂「不良控制(bad control)」的問題。如果手足性別會透過影響手足總數而影響小孩的敎育成就，那麼控制手足總數在實證上相當於強制性的把所有會生育到有兒子的家庭排除在分析範圍之外，這種模型勢必會低估弟弟的存在對姐姐的直接掠奪效果。本文先從方法論來解釋這個實證難題，並定義直接效果與間接效果，提出嚴謹的實證模型，然後應用到台灣的行政資料來檢視家庭中第一胎小孩的敎育成就如何受到第二胎性別的影響

In the last two decades, there has been a noticeable increase in published research on evolutionary economics. The general perception is that formalization lags behind appreciative work. Notwithstanding, this general reading has yet to be supported by real data analysis. This work presents a survey on evolutionary economics, aimed at exploring the main research paths and contributions using bibliometric methods. The documentation is based on an extensive review of the abstracts from articles published in all economic journals over the past 50 years gathered from the Econlit database. Evolutionary contributions have apparently not converged to an integrated approach. Two rather extreme main research strands emerged: ‘History of Economic Thought and Methodology’ and ‘Games’. Whereas formal approaches have a reasonable and increasing share of published papers, purely empirical-related works are relatively scarce, representing a meagre and stagnant percentage of published works. This highlights the need to redirect the evolutionary research agenda.

A 'Classification Scheme' is a way of organizing a large amount of information or material in a way that helps users finding the required information quickly. Classification schemes are used widely in all fields. In academics, one type of classification schemes is subject-based classifications. In the field of economics, JEL Classification Scheme (codes) is the standard for indexing the literature in economics and its allied disciplines. However for reasons discussed in this paper, this Scheme is not suitable for classifying literature in the nascent discipline of Islamic economics and finance. The paper presents a new classification scheme called in brief \"KAUJIE Classification Scheme\". The paper then uses case-experiments to show how the new scheme can index the literature in this discipline in a better way as compared to JEL Classification Scheme and the benefits that the writers and researchers in this arena will attain from the use of the new Scheme.

We study the government's policy of risky asset purchases in a monetary search model with banks and household heterogeneity. In our model, assets may encounter an aggregate shock that prompts them to fail to pay dividends, and households face an idiosyncratic shock on their degree of risk aversion. Banks can issue financial claims to share the risks among households, and the claims must be secured by money or risky assets. However, only a portion of transactions accept bank claims as a medium of exchange, and the remaining transactions accept only money. The government's asset purchases decrease the quantity of risky assets held by banks to back the issuance of financial claims, but the purchased assets enter the government's balance sheet and raise the risk of holding money. Thus, this policy can improve social welfare through redistributing risks between households that use only currency and those that use bank claims in transactions. The optimal policy is to purchase only a part of the risky assets, rather than the risky assets as a whole, and for the government to purchase fewer risky assets when banks' financial claims are accepted in more transactions.

本文研究2020年與2021年兩波新冠本土疫情對台灣勞動市場的衝擊。我們依據Dingel and Neiman（2020），推估台灣各行業能在家工作（work from home）的比例。接著，我們估計不同時期的防疫措施對各行業離職失業率、工時與薪資的衝擊，並探討「在家工作」扮演的角色。我們發現第一波本土疫情（2020年3、4月）並未對台灣勞動市場造成顯著的影響。然而，第二波本土疫情（2021年6、7月）則造成半數行業之離職失業率上升，以及部分行業之工時與薪資成長率下降。此外，迴歸結果顯示能在家工作在兩波本土疫情期間並無顯著的影響，這可能是台灣從未真正實施居家令導致。