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"Educational Legislation"
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School Money Trials: The Legal Pursuit of Educational Adequacy
\"Adequacy lawsuits\" have emerged as an alternative strategy in pursuit of improved public education in America. Plaintiffs allege insufficient resources to provide students with the quality of education promised in their state's constitution, hoping the courts will step in and order the state to increase its level of aid. Since 1980, 45 of the 50 states have faced such suits. How pervasive -and effective -is this trend? What are its ramifications, at the school district level and on a broader scope? This important new book addresses these questions. The contributors consider the legal theory behind adequacy lawsuits, examining how the education clauses in state constitutions have been reinterpreted. According to James Guthrie and Matthew Springer, this trend has more fully politicized the process of cost modeling in school finance. Frederick Hess looks at the politics of adequacy implementation. Research by Christopher Berry of Harvard finds that the most significant result of the movement has not resulted in broad-ranging changes in school funding. How the No Child Left Behind Act and adequacy lawsuits impact one another is an especially interesting question, as addressed by Andrew Rudalevige and Michael Heise. This is the most comprehensive analysis to date of the adequacy lawsuit strategy, a topic of increasing importance in a controversial area of public policy that touches virtually all Americans. It will be of interest to readers engaged in education policy discussions and those concerned about the power of the courts to make policy rather than simply to enforce it.
eBook
Alignment and Accountability in Policy Design and Implementation: The Common Core State Standards and Implementation Research
Both the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and recent efforts to hold schools and teachers accountable have been hotly debated among practitioners, policymakers, and the public at large. Much of the debate centers on the merits and demerits of these initiatives and the general approach they represent to reforming teaching and learning. In this article, we focus on a different issue, that is, the opportunity to advance research on policy implementation afforded by the intertwined nature of CCSS and accountability efforts. Arguing that it is essential for stakeholders, regardless of their stance on either reform, to understand whether and how both influence classroom teaching and learning, we outline elements of a research agenda to generate knowledge important to the design of future instructional policies. For this to happen, we argue that an implementation research agenda needs to build on (rather than reinvent) lessons learned from the past quarter century of implementation scholarship on instructional policy. To that end, we review theoretical and empirical insights from implementation research on standards-based reform and outline specific avenues for potential theory testing research on educational policy implementation.
Journal Article
Scalia's constitution : essays on law and education
\"This book explores the application of Scalia's textualism and originalism to education law and reflects upon Scalia's teachings and his pedagogy. Education law may seem to be an odd vehicle for considering Scalia's constitutional approach, but thinking about schools requires attention to political fundamentals: freedom of speech, free exercise of religion, equality of opportunity, federalism, and the proper role of the expert. Legal scholars, philosophers, and political scientists provide both critiques and apologies for Scalia's approach\"--Back cover.
Book
The Impact of Immigration Enforcement on the Nation’s Schools
In response to growing concerns about the impact of harsh immigration enforcement policy since the 2016 presidential campaign, we examined its overall impact on the nation’s schools, using survey data completed by over 3,600 educators across the country. Our study results show that immigration enforcement is affecting all students—both those from immigrant homes and those that are not. In particular, Title I schools are the most affected by immigration enforcement. Our results also show that the higher the percentage of White students, the more educators reported immigrant students being exposed to a hostile, anti-immigrant environment. We conclude that the current policy of immigration enforcement significantly dismantles an equitable education for all students and creates a critical threat to their futures.
Journal Article
The Every Student Succeeds Act : what it means for schools, systems, and states
In this foundational book, Frederick M. Hess and Max Eden bring together a cross-section of respected academics and journalists to examine key aspects of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). This volume provides a thematic and in-depth analysis of the central provisions of this landmark legislation, presenting a range of perspectives. The contributors--leading researchers, policy analysts, and journalists--explore the conflicts and compromises that shaped the emerging law, outline its core provisions, and trace its implications for urban districts, states, and the federal government. Complementing these descriptions are chapters presenting opposing viewpoints on the law's merits and its implications for future reform efforts.-- Provided by the publisher
Book
Principal leadership for students with disabilities in effective inclusive schools
PurposeCreating inclusive schools for students with disabilities is a major leadership responsibility for principals throughout the world. Each national, regional and local context is different, but every principal can help create and support inclusive schools. The purpose of this article is to describe the evolving context of inclusive education and school leadership in the United States aligning what is known to an established leadership framework (Hitt and Tucker, 2016), as there are similarities between the Hitt and Tucker domains and the work of leaders in inclusive schools. The authors emphasize that inclusive leadership is consistent with existing conceptualizations of principals' work. The authors consider specific policies and organizational conditions that support inclusive schools and highlight successes and continuing challenges for principals that can be applied throughout the world.Design/methodology/approachThis paper utilizes an exploratory approach to review the US policy-related and empirical literature on school leadership for effective inclusive schools. The authors draw across time from research syntheses in school and inclusive leadership from leading journals in educational leadership, special education and edited volumes focused on school leadership. The authors analyze common themes centered on leadership practice, organizational and social conditions and challenges.FindingsThe research review identified effective leadership practices that support inclusive education in the United States and provides a critical discussion of how these findings relate to international research and practice.Practical implicationsThe paper considers the relevance of national policy contexts coupled with a review of school leadership for inclusive schools that is insightful for policymakers and practitioners seeking to create more inclusive schools throughout the world.Originality/valueThe paper offers a situated review of leadership for inclusive schools in the United States. As such, this review lays the foundation for a comparative and international conversation on school leadership for inclusion.
Journal Article
Waiting for \Superman\ : how we can save America's failing public schools
Explores politically charged topics through a series of essays by thinkers at the leading edge of educational innovation. It shows how failing schools destroy neighborhoods- not the reverse- and how research reveals that dedicated, attentive teachers are what help at-risk kids succeed.
Book
Evolución del profesorado de apoyo hacia la educación inclusiva: una perspectiva legislativa autonómica en España
En materia de inclusión, la legislación educativa española en época democrática ha caminado desde los años 90 hacia la atención real de los derechos de todos los ciudadanos, intentando responder a los principios emanados de acuerdos internacionales: desde la Declaración de Salamanca sobre Necesidades Educativas Especiales de 1994 hasta la Convención de Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, en 2006. Entre los recursos personales que marca la normativa se encuentra la figura del profesorado de apoyo (Pedagogía Terapéutica y Audición y Lenguaje), cuya labor es primordial en la consolidación de las escuelas inclusivas. Este artículo pretende analizar la evolución que ha experimentado el perfil profesional del profesorado de apoyo en España a través de la normativa estatal y de las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas, y recoger evidencias de tipo normativo acerca de si esa evolución responde a la aplicación empírica de un “modelo educativo inclusivo”. Se ha utilizado el análisis de contenido como método analítico, realizando un estudio descriptivo de las funciones de estos profesionales contempladas en 62 documentos de diferente rango jurídico, publicados en el periodo 1998-2019. Se ha constatado que prevalecen las funciones recogidas en la primera norma estatal de la década de los ochenta. Existen algunos avances en las normas más recientes abogando por intervenciones educativas en contextos naturales de aprendizaje y reduciendo los apoyos al alumnado en entornos controlados. La co-enseñanza entre diferentes agentes educativos comienza a ser considerada como un elemento significativo de la inclusión en los centros educativos. Se aportan propuestas de mejora en la adaptación del papel del profesorado de apoyo en escuelas inclusivas.
Journal Article