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The success of endodontic treatment is dependent on triad endodontic. The endodontic instrument has tendency to leave amount of smear layer after its use. Therefore, irrigation becomes fundamental to ensure the cleaning. The goal of this research is to observe the differences among files toward smear layer production and the most effective activation method. Twenty-four single canal mandible premolars were decoronated in the cementoenamel junction and root canal treatment followed. The teeth were divided into four groups: Group A (sample was prepared using F-One Blue and activated using sonic frequency (EDDY)), Group B (sample was prepared using F-One Blue and activated using subsonic frequency (EndoActivator)), Group C (sample was prepared using TruNatomy and activated using sonic frequency (EDDY)) and Group D (sample was prepared using TruNatomy and activated using subsonic frequency (EndoActivator)). All teeth were cut longitudinally then examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). SEM results were scored using double blind method. One-way ANOVA test showed there were differences in the removal of smear layer. Post Hoc LSD test showed there was significance difference between group B and group D; also between group D and group A. The other groups showed no difference statistically. It was concluded that all preparation and activation methods will leave the smear layer in root canal system whatsoever. Preparation of root canal using F-One Blue file, irrigated using 2,5% NaOCl and activated using sonic frequency (EDDY) showed the best smear layer removal. Study on activation method showed no significance differences between EDDY nor Endoactivator.

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of negative pressure irrigation technique (NPI) compared to the positive pressure irrigation technique (PPI) in eradication of Enterococcus faecalis inside infected and minimally prepared root canals. 40 extracted premolars were decoronated, instrumented up to size #20 with a taper of 0.04 (minimal preparation), autoclaved and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 15 days, divided into two equal groups according to the irrigation method used: Group 1 (Experminteal, n=20): irrigation by NPI, and Group 2 (Control, n=20): irrigation by PPI. After irrigation, microbial samples were collected, transferred to nutrient agar and incubated for counting of bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) Data were analyzed using dependent and independent sample t-test. The results showed a significant decrease in the mean number of CFUs by both NPI and PPI methods (p=0.000), and the mean number of CFUs after irrigation with NPI was lower than PPI method (p=0.043). Both irrigation methods were effective in reducing the bacterial count, but NPI shows greater effectiveness in reducing the bacterial count in the minimally prepared root canals and infected with Enterococcus faecalis.

The elimination of obturation materials in endodontic retreatment is one of the mandatory steps to achieve an optimal disinfection process. The utilization of bc-coated gutta-percha with bioceramic sealer can enhance adhesion, thus increasing the difficulty during endodontic retreatment procedures. The use of non-linear motion files such as XP-Endo Finisher can improve the cleanliness level of the root canal walls. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher in eliminating obturation materials consisting of bioceramic coated gutta-percha and conventional gutta-percha with bioceramic sealer in endodontic retreatment. Twenty-four single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth that met the inclusion criteria were endodontically treated up to the obturation stage, followed by an endodontic retreatment procedure. The teeth were divided into four groups: Group A (bc-coated gutta-percha group prepared with ProTaper Retreatment), Group B (conventional gutta-percha group prepared with ProTaper Retreatment), Group C (bc-coated gutta-percha group prepared with ProTaper Retreatment and XP-Endo Finisher), and Group D (conventional gutta-percha group prepared with ProTaper Retreatment and XP-Endo Finisher). All teeth were longitudinally split into buccal and lingual, and the dentinal walls were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at the apical third of the root canal. The obtained data were subjected to One-way ANOVA statistical analysis, followed by a post hoc LSD test. The results of the One-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in the cleanliness level of the root canal walls among all the groups. The Post Hoc LSD test revealed a significant difference among all the groups except for Group A compared to Group C. The elimination of bc-coated gutta-percha is more challenging compared to conventional gutta-percha. The supplementary use of XP-Endo Finisher enhances the cleanliness of the root canal walls during endodontic retreatment procedures.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the accuracy of endodontic access cavities created using an augmented reality appliance to those performed using the conventional technique. Materials and Methods: 60 single-rooted anterior teeth were chosen for study and randomly divided between two study groups: Group A—endodontic access cavities created using an augmented reality appliance as a guide (n = 30) (AR); and Group B—endodontic access cavities performed with the manual (freehand) technique (n = 30) (MN). A 3D implant planning software was used to plan the endodontic access cavities for the AR group, with a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D intraoral surface scan taken preoperatively and subsequently transferred to the augmented reality device. A second CBCT scan was taken after performing the endodontic access cavities to compare the planned and performed endodontic access for accuracy. Therapeutic planning software and Student’s t-test were used to analyze the cavities at the apical, coronal, and angular levels. The repeatability and reproducibility of the digital measurement technique were analyzed using Gage R&R statistical analysis. Results: The paired t-test found statistically significant differences between the study groups at the coronal (p = 0.0029) and apical (p = 0.0063) levels; no statistically significant differences were found between the AR and MN groups at the angular (p = 0.6596) level. Conclusions: Augmented reality devices enable the safer and more accurate performance of endodontic access cavities when compared with the conventional freehand technique.

This is a global study that evaluated the undergraduate endodontic curriculum in dental schools worldwide. An online questionnaire sent to faculty members involved in undergraduate endodontic teaching at 50 dental institutions across six continents. The questionnaire was a modified version of previously validated survey comprised of 46 questions in three sections on essential aspects of the didactic, preclinical (PT), clinical trainings (CT), and assessments in undergraduate endodontic programs. The response rate was 76%. 63.2% of schools have a separate preclinical course, with 65.8% having a dedicated clinical area. Traditional methods dominate, with 84.2% using phantom heads and 78.9% using natural extracted teeth. The student-to-staff ratio for clinical training ranges from 1:6 to 1:9, with most supervisors specializing in endodontics (76.3%). Lectures and practical sessions are the primary teaching methods. Non-surgical root canal treatment (RCT) is the most common procedure (94.7%), and the majority use stainless steel or rotary nickel-titanium files. Cold lateral compaction is the preferred obturation technique globally (81.6%), except in North America. Advanced technologies like magnifying systems and ultrasonic instruments are rarely used in training. The conclusion emphasizes the need for global standardization and adoption of modern techniques to enhance the quality of endodontic education and care.

Background and Objectives: In the presence of a persistent endodontic lesion or endodontic failure, the alternative for the recovery of the dental element is endodontic retreatment or endodontic surgery, which consists in the surgical removal of the root apices with retrograde closure of the endodontium. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide an updated value of the Risk Ratio between the two types of treatment in order to offer to clinicians who propose a non-surgical endodontic retreatment or an endodontic surgery a direct comparison. Materials and Methods: The revision was performed according to PRISMA indications: three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane register) were consulted through the use of keywords relevant to the revision topic: surgical endodontic retreatment, endodontic retreatment, apicoectomy. This search produced 7568 records which, after eliminating duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulted in a total of seven included articles. The meta-analyses were conducted by applying fixed-effects models, given the low percentage of heterogeneity. In addition, trial sequency analysis (TSA) was performed for the analysis of the statistical power of the results and GRADE for the quality of the evidence. Results: The results of the meta-analyses’ data report an aggregate risk ratio (RR) between non-surgical endodontic retreatment and surgical endodontic retreatment of: 1.05 [0.74, 1.47] at one year of follow-up; RR 2.22 [1.45, 3.41] at two years of follow-up; an RR 1.08 [0.73 1.62] for a follow-up period of 3–4 years; and an RR 0.92 [0.53, 1.61] for a follow-up period of 8–10 years. Conclusions: The results of the present meta-analysis show that in the long term, the risk of failure is identical for the two groups, and there is only a slightly higher risk of failure for non-surgical endodontic retreatments, when only two years of follow-up are considered.