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"English language Dictionaries Urdu"
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A Contrastive Study of Homonyms in English and Urdu
Languages comprise countless words, out of which many words are different from one another, but some words are similar in way of writing, pronunciation, or both, called homonyms. The phenomenon of homonymy creates difficulties and confusion in the learning process of a language and in communication. In order to understand homonyms, it is important to know their features, formations, and different classifications. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the features of homonyms, explore different sources of formation, introduce different classification methods, and uncover different linguistic approaches used to avoid conflict. This study is descriptive and contrastive in nature and it takes only two unrelated languages—English and Urdu—into account and identifies the similarities and differences in their homonyms. Hence, the method employed in this study is qualitative. Accordingly, 130 homonyms of English and Urdu languages were selected for the analysis. In the English language, 90 percent of the homonyms are monosyllabic and monomorphic, whereas in the Urdu language, almost all homonyms are monosyllabic and monomorphic. Yet, both languages’ homonyms are context sensitive in verbal and written discourse. The results unveil important differences and similarities in both languages.
Journal Article
Urdu practical dictionary : Urdu-English/English-Urdu
Provides four thousand entries, covers the basic of Urdu grammar, and includes practical cultural information.
Book
RNN-LSTM-GRU based language transformation
In past, rule-based and statistical machine translation techniques were employed to solve Urdu transliteration techniques. As mentioned in the literature, Urdu is considered as low-resource language. An impressive effort has been made for Arabic, French and Chinese language transliteration as compared to the Urdu language. Machine translation of Urdu language is a challenging problem. A very minute research work has been conducted toward Urdu transliteration. Factors behind the ignorance of Urdu language in research may be for its morphological complexity, diversity and most importantly due to the lack of reasonable bilingual parallel dataset. Getting a corpus for a language transliteration is the main resource to work on. This paper demonstrates the application of neural machine translation (NMT) for Urdu language transliteration, with the emphasis on contextual coverage of a language, which helps to improve transliteration accuracy. Build a robust NMT model which delivers efficient performance when trained over bilingual parallel corpora. Neural machine translation is an emerging technique depicting impressive performance, better than traditional MT methods in multiple aspects. In this research, we build the NMT model for the Urdu language to improve transliteration quality. An attention-based encoder–decoder system is proposed, and our experiment proves the efficiency of the proposed approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort for Urdu language bidirectional transliteration toward neural machine translation.
Journal Article
On Early and Late Modern English Non-native Suffix -oon
This paper is about identifying a nuance of social meaning which, I demonstrate, was conveyed in the Early and Late Modern period by the suffix -oon. The history of non-native suffix -oon is presented by means of assembling non-native suffix -oon vocabulary in date order and sorting according to etymology. It turns out that standard non- native -oon words (which are few) tended to stabilise early and be of Romance etymology. A period of enregisterment, c. 1750–1850, is identified by means of scrutiny of non-native -oon usage in sixty novels, leading to the conclusion that four or more non-native -oons in a literary work signalled vulgarity. A link is made between the one-quarter non-European -oons brought to English via colonial trade, and the use of such -oons by non-noble merchants, traders and their customers splashing out on luxury foreign commodities. Thus, it is found that a suffix borrowed from Romance languages in the Middle English period received fresh input during the Early Modern period via non-European borrowings, resulting in sociolinguistic enregisterment in the Late Modern period.
Journal Article
Trip Method In Teaching Translation And Interpretation: A Trip Experience From Islamabad To Rohtas Fort And Mangala Dam
The article deals with the application of Trip Method for the purpose of Teaching Translation and Interpretation, to observe its benefits, and usefulness. The trip consisted of 50 students from various nationalities i.e. Chinese, Arab, Africans, Thais and Pakistanis, of BS Translation & Interpretation from the Department of Translation & Interpretation, Faculty of Arabic, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. This was a one-day trip from Islamabad to Rohtas Fort and Mangla Dam. The students were directed to sit in groups consisting of two students; one Pakistani and one foreign to play mutually the role of a translator and interpreter. From the starting point the students saw a large number of boards; sign boards, traffic signal boards, indicative boards, informative boards, wall chalking and banners that contained Arabic, English, Urdu and mix words of these three language along with a vast range of various kinds of terminologies. This is an innovative approach in teaching translation & interpretation. The students learnt a large number of new words, terminologies and abbreviations during seeing the written data and playing the role of an interpreter as well as a listener. The students observed transliteration of many Arabic words written in English alphabets, English words written in Urdu Language, and sometime a mixture of these three languages, that created a beautiful scenario for a student of English- Arabic Translation and Interpretation and vice versa. With addition to that on the way they observed the translational realia; villages, areas historical places like Rohtas Fort, Mangala Dam, famous mosques, tombs, vehicles, animals, mountains, plants, shrubs, and many more that provided them the real material for direct translation and interpretation. This activity helped them in bringing the theories, principles and translation strategies studied inside the class rooms, into practice. The students observed a large number of terminologies that created in them the sense of creating terminologies. The students saw many cultural events that at the spot translated and interpreted by Pakistani students, gave a sense of how to bridge the cultures through translation. The trip ended with fruitful, rich and very informative-cum-practical conclusion.
Journal Article
Reading Habits of Blinds and Visually Impaired Students of University of Karachi
This Paper is an attempt to ascertain the reading habit among VI students in different departments of University of Karachi. It is not only useful for the provision of information resources to the VI students but also for acquiring facilities for VI students. For collecting necessary data Research guide designed and interviews were conducted with VI students. Qualitative approach is used for the analysis of data. It can be concluded that reading is popular habits among VI students. They are not only read fiction book but also current affairs, Entrance Examination and Competitive examination books. Students give preference to those books which are directly or indirectly related to the subject in which they study. They prefered Urdu language for reading but they read in different languages such as English and Arabic. They use braille for reading but some of them are not having knowledge of braile. They face different problems while reading such as unavailability of books and their translations. Deficiency of audio books and unavailability of helper in library. The technologies help them to overcome the problems in reading.
Journal Article
Translation and Validation of Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behaviour Inventory into Urdu Language
The present study was carried out to translate and validate the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behaviour Inventory (CADBI) V. 5.0 developed by Burns (2010) from English into Urdu language. The inventory had two forms CADBI - Parent (41 items) and CADBI - Teacher (42 items), each comprised of five subscales including Oppositional Defiant Disorder toward Adults, Oppositional Defiant Disorder toward Peers/Siblings, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Inattention, and Academic and Social Competence. The study was completed in two phases, in the first phase researcher translated the scale by following the standard procedure of back translation. In the 2nd phase, reliability and validity was determined. The internal consistency reliability of the Urdu version found to be satisfactory ranging from .86 to .92 for the subscales. Further, the crosslanguage validation of Urdu version with English original version also came out to be a highly significant correlation among subscales. The study has implication in the field of child and developmental psychology.
Journal Article
Islamic Economics and Finance
Islamic economics and finance have increased in importance over the last few decades, with new Islamic financial institutions opening up and a number of important books published on the topic. This glossary, fully updated and revised for the new edition, uses easy to understand language to introduce terms used by Muslim scholars, historians and legal experts. The book covers terms from Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Malaysian and English sources whilst covering the Islamic side of such terms as taxation, banking, insurance, accounting, and auditing. The book's unassuming yet comprehensive nature will appeal to economists, bankers and accountants as well as students and researchers with an interest in economics and finance.
Muhammad Akram Khan is Deputy Auditor General in the Government of Pakistan. He has published several books on Islamic economics and Finance.
'This is a very valuable contribution to Islamic Economics and Finance and is a must in every library. It is a necessary reference volume to every student of the subject and practioners in the field.' - A.L.M. Abdul Gafoor, Appropriate Technology Foundation, Groningen, The Netherlands
'this enlarged second edition is indeed most welcome.' - The Muslim World Book Review
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