Explore the vast range of titles available.

The science of resilience suggests that urban systems become resilient when they promote progressive transformative change to social and physical infrastructure. But resilience is challenged by global environmental risks and by social and economic trends that create inequality and exclusion. Here we argue that distortionary inequality and precarity undermine social processes that give access to public infrastructure and ecosystems thereby undermining urban resilience. We illustrate how inequality and precarity undermine resilience with reference to social exclusion and insecurity in growing urban settlements in the Asia-Pacific region. Inequality and exposure to environmental risks represent major challenges for governance that can be best overcome through inclusion and giving voice to marginalised populations. 复原力科学表明，当城市系统促进社会和物质基础设施的进步性转变时，它们就会变得具有复原力。但是，全球环境风险以及造成不平等和排斥的社会和经济趋势对复原力构成了挑战。本文认为扭曲性的不平等和不安全会破坏社会进程（正是这些社会进程为人们提供公共基础设施和生态系统），从而破坏城市复原力。我们以亚太地区日益增长的城市住区的社会排斥为例，展示了不平等和不安全是如何削弱复原力的。不平等和环境风险是治理所面临的主要挑战，战胜这一挑战的最佳途径便是提高包容性，并让边缘人群有机会发声。

With rising concerns for food security and climate adaptation, urban gardening and urban agriculture have emerged as a rising agenda for urban resilience around the world. In East Asia, a variety of initiatives have emerged in recent years with different levels of institutional support. Focusing on Taipei, where a vibrant urban agriculture movement has been unleashed in recent years, this article examines the ongoing outcomes of the city’s new ‘Garden City Initiative’, which supports the establishment of urban gardens including community gardens, rooftop gardens and school gardens. Based on interviews and participant observations during the initial period of advocacy, planning and implementation between 2014 and 2017, this study examines the background of the programme, the involvement of governmental and non-governmental actors and the programme’s ongoing implementation. Based on the findings, the article further reflects upon their implications for the practices of urban governance in the face of contemporary environmental, political and social challenges. The case of Taipei suggests a model in which policy formation and implementation may require opportunistic actions involving a variety of actors and organisations in both institutions and the civil society. Rather than dramatic changes or instant institutional realignment, the effort may require strategic adaptation of the existing bureaucratic structure, while mobilising its strengths and resources. In addition, despite the critical role of civil society organisations, the Taipei case also illustrates a considerable public-sector investment, distinct from the predominant model of neoliberal governance that has been associated with urban gardening programmes elsewhere. 随着对粮食安全和气候适应问题的关注不断上升，城市园艺和城市农业已成为全球城市复原力方面日益突出的议程。在东亚，近年来出现了各种各样的举措，得到了不同程度的制度性支持。本文重点介绍台北的案例。该城市近年来发动了充满活力的都市农业运动。我们探讨了台北新的“田园城市倡议”的持续成果，该举措支持建立包括社区田园、屋顶田园和学校田园在内的城市田园。 根据2014年至2017年期间在初期倡导、规划和实施阶段的访谈和参与者观察，本研究考察了该计划的背景、政府和非政府主体的参与、以及计划的持续实施。基于调查结果，本文进一步思考了这些举措对面临当代环境、政治和社会挑战的城市治理实践的影响。台北案例提出了一种模式，其中，政策的制定和实施可能需要体制内和民间社会中各种主体和组织的机会主义行动。这种尝试可能需要对现有官僚结构进行策略性调整，同时调动其优势和资源，而不是进行剧烈的变革或立即进行机构重组。此外，尽管民间社会组织发挥了关键作用，但台北案例还显示出相当大的公共部门投资。这与主流的新自由主义治理模式不同，在其他地方，后者往往与城市田园计划联系在一起。

In Australia, environmental degradation goes hand in hand with exclusionary and mono-vocal tactics of place-making. This article argues that dominant cultural imaginaries inform material and discursive practices of place-making with significant consequence for diverse, inclusive and climate change-responsive urban environments. Urban planning in the modern global city commonly deploys imaginaries in line with neoliberal logics, and this article takes a particular interest in the impact of this on Indigenous Australians, whose original dispossession connects through to current Indigenous urban experiences of exclusion which are set to intensify in the face of increasing climate change. The article explores what urban resilience means in this context, focusing on a case study of urban development in Port Adelaide, South Australia, and broadens the question of dispossession through the forces of global capital to potentially all of humanity in the Anthropocene. 在澳大利亚，环境恶化与地方营造的排他性和非多元化策略密切相关。本文认为，支配性的文化想象决定了地方营造的物质和话语实践，对多样化、包容性和对气候变化敏感的城市环境造成了严重后果。现代全球城市中的城市规划通常根据新自由主义逻辑部署想象，本文特别关注其对澳大利亚原住民的影响。原住民最初的被驱逐与其当前在城市中感受到的被排斥一脉相承。面对日益严峻的气候变化，这样的感受将被加强。本文探讨了城市复原力在这方面的意义（侧重于南澳大利亚阿德莱德港城市发展的案例研究），并通过关注全球资本力量将驱逐问题扩大到人类世的所有潜在人类。

Citizenship is an approach to supporting the social inclusion and participation in society of people with mental illnesses. It is receiving greater attention in community mental health discourse and literature in parallel with increased awareness of social determinants of health and concern over the continued marginalization of persons with mental illness in the United States. In this article, we review the definition and principles of our citizenship framework with attention to social participation and access to resources as well as rights and responsibilities that society confers on its members. We then discuss our citizenship research at both individual and social-environmental levels, including previous, current, and planned efforts. We also discuss the role of community psychology and psychologists in advancing citizenship and other themes relevant to a citizenship perspective on mental health care and persons with mental illness.

For the first time in 2019, the Asia-Pacific became a majority urban region. The unprecedented pace and magnitude of urbanisation across Asia and the Pacific has exposed tens of millions of urban residents to heightened risks and vulnerabilities associated with the expanding ecological footprint of urban energy, food and water demands and the increasingly severe effects of global climate change. This special issue directs attention toward the challenges, innovations and examples of best practice in environmental governance for urban resilience in the Asia-Pacific region. Our understanding of urban resilience is tied to the concept of planetary flourishing that links the health and well-being of urban populations with sustainability behaviours that promote regeneration of the biosphere while redistributing environmental risks and benefits in more socially inclusive and equitable ways. 2019年，亚太地区首次成为了一个以城市为主的地区。亚太地区前所未有的城市化速度和规模，使数千万城市居民面临更大的风险和脆弱性，这些风险和脆弱性与城市能源、粮食和水需求的生态足迹不断扩大以及全球气候变化日益严重的影响相关。本期特刊关注亚太地区城市复原力环境治理面临的挑战、创新和最佳实践范例。我们对城市复原力的理解与全球繁荣的概念密切相关，这一概念将城市人口的健康和福祉与可持续性行为联系起来，可持续性行为促进生物圈的再生，同时以更具社会包容性和更公平的方式重新分配环境风险和利益。

This article aims to examine how a metropolis like Seoul could be resilient to imminent environmental crisis in the era of climate change. To do so, it conducts a case review of the ‘One Less Nuclear Power Plant’ (OLNPP) policy adopted under the progressive leadership of Mayor Park Won-soon (2011–). The policy was launched in April 2012, with a target of cutting energy use by 2 million tons of oil equivalent (TOE), which is equivalent to the capacity of one nuclear power plant. The target was accomplished in June 2014, six months ahead of schedule. The second phase of OLNPP has been in progress since August 2014 (and is due to complete in 2020). Focusing on its first phase (2012–2014), the article looks into the OLNPP as an experiment for the city’s transition to a resilient energy regime. Following the Introduction, the article reviews the conceptual relationships between risk, resilience and governance in an urban context. This is followed by examination of the background of the OLNPP policy, which was adopted by a progressive leader, and of how the OLNPP as an energy transition project is formulated as geared to enhancing resilience in the city’s energy regime. The next section addresses the progressive mode of governing the implementation of the OLNPP, which leads to resilient energy life, giving rise to a progressive form of city. The conclusion characterises the relationship between the progressivity and resiliency of a new energy system by locating it in a framework of conceptualising a progressive city, while outlining the future of the OLNPP. 本文旨在探讨像首尔这样的大都市如何在气候变化时代、在迫在眉睫的环境危机面前保持复原力。为此，本文对进步主义领导人、市长朴元淳（2011-）治下通过的“减少一座核电站”（OLNPP）政策进行了案例研究。该政策于2012年4月启动，目标是削减200万吨石油当量（TOE）的能源使用量，相当于一座核电厂的容量。该目标于2014年6月提前6个月完成。 2014年8月以来，OLNPP处于其第二阶段，按照计划，第二阶段目标将于2020年完成。本文重点关注第一阶段（2012-2014），将OLNPP视为该市向复原性能源体制过渡的一个实验。在引言之后，本文回顾了城市背景下风险、复原力和治理之间的概念关系。接下来，本文对由一位进步主义领导人采用的OLNPP政策的背景进行了研究，并研究了OLNPP作为一个能源转型项目，其设计如何加强城市能源体制的复原力。接下来的部分探讨OLNPP实施管理的进步模式，该模式旨在实现复原性能源寿命，从而形成一种进步的城市形态。结论部分在一个将进步城市概念化的框架中表征新能源系统的进步性和复原性之间的关系，同时概述了OLNPP的未来。

This article uses the concept of multi-species flourishing to evaluate the potential of emergent urban governance initiatives in Penang, Malaysia, for achieving more socially and environmentally just forms of urban development. In doing so, the article offers an empirical examination of increasing development pressures on the forested hillsides of Penang, and the significant environmental and socio-cultural implications associated with this activity. This includes the significant flash-flooding and landslides in 2016 and 2017 that have been attributed to unscrupulous hillside developments and deforestation on the island for condominium and highway development. In tracing local responses to these developments, the article draws attention to the various more-than-human relationships that have been mobilised in preventing further degradation of the environment. It also re-visits the concept of environmental imaginaries to illustrate the close relationship between environmental and social wellbeing. The article argues that it is important to move beyond concepts of resilience, which advocate the implementation of technology and engineering measures to adapt to, rather than resist, the environmental shocks associated with intensive urban development. The research for this article has been conducted through participatory research with local civil society groups, and aims to evaluate the role of both governmental and non-state actors in these efforts and the challenges faced in doing so. The article concludes that research on urban resilience and urban governance must move beyond human-centred modes of thought and practice that regard cities as operating outside of ecological systems. 本文使用多物种繁荣的概念来评估马来西亚槟城新兴城市治理举措的潜力，以实现更具社会和环境公正性的城市发展形式。在此过程中，本文对槟城森林山坡日益增加的开发压力以及与此活动相关的重大环境和社会文化影响进行了实证研究。这包括2016年和2017年的重大洪水泛滥和山体滑坡，这些都是由于岛上肆无忌惮的山坡开发和森林砍伐（目的是共管公寓和高速公路开发）造成的。在追踪当地对这些发展的反应时，本文提请注意为防止环境进一步恶化而动员起来的各种超越人类范围的关系。本文还重新审视了环境想象的概念，以说明环境与社会福祉之间的密切关系。本文认为，重要的是超越复原性概念，倡导实施技术和工程措施，以适应而不是抵制与城市密集发展相关的环境冲击。本文的研究是通过与当地民间社会团体的参与性研究进行的，旨在评估政府和非国家行为者在这些努力中的作用以及这样做所面临的挑战。本文的结论是，关于城市复原性和城市治理的研究必须超越以人为中心的思想和实践模式（这种模式将城市视为在生态系统之外运作）。

The emerging ‘grand challenges’ of climate change, resource scarcity and population growth present a risk nexus to cities in the Anthropocene. This article discusses the potential that rapid urbanisation presents to help mitigate these risks through large-scale transitions if future urban development is delivered using evidence-based policies that promote regenerative urban outcomes (e.g. decarbonising energy, recycling water and waste, generating local food, integrating biodiversity). Observations from an Australian case study are used to describe urban governance approaches capable of supporting regenerative urbanism. The regenerative urbanism concept is associated with macro-scale urban and transport planning that shapes different urban fabrics (walking, transit, automobile), as the underlying infrastructure of each fabric exhibits a different performance, with automobile fabric being the least regenerative. Supporting urban systems based upon regenerative design principles at different scales (macro, meso and micro) can deliver deep and dramatic outcomes for not just reducing the impact of the grand challenges but turning them into regenerative change. In combination, these approaches form the cornerstone of regenerative cities that can address the grand challenges of the Anthropocene, while simultaneously improving livability and urban productivity to foster human flourishing. 气候变化、资源稀缺和人口增长等新出现的“巨大挑战”为人类世的城市带来了一系列风险。本文所探讨的是，如果未来的城市发展是采用以证据为基础的政策，从而促进“再生性城市”结果（如脱碳能源，水和废物循环，食品生产本地化，重回生物多样性的各个领域），快速城市化将产生的一种潜能，这种潜能可以通过大规模转变减轻这些风险。澳大利亚案例研究的观察结果用于说明能够支持再生性城市化的城市治理方法。再生性城市化概念与宏观规模的城市和交通规划相关联。城市规划形成不同的城市构造（步行，公交，私家车），而每种构造的基础设施则表现出不同的性能，私家车构造是最不具有再生性的。基于不同层面（宏观，中观和微观）的再生性设计原则支持城市系统，这可以带来深刻而显著的结果，不仅可以减少上述“巨大挑战”的影响，还可以将其转变为再生性变革。这些方法结合起来，便构成了再生性城市的基石，可以应对人类世的巨大挑战，同时提高宜居性和城市生产力，促进人类繁荣。

Cities are important sites for interrogating the social, scalar and spatial dynamics that underpin climate responsibility. To date, however, there is limited theoretical and empirical understanding about how discourses, practices and politics of climate responsibility might be enacted in the urban context. This gap is particularly significant in the Asia Pacific – a region characterised by high rates of economic growth and rapid urbanisation alongside extreme poverty and exposure to the effects of climate change. This article explores the politics of urban climate responsibility in two cities – Hong Kong and Singapore. Based on empirical research with NGOs, it considers if and how cities have a responsibility to act on climate change, how such responsibility may be configured within the city, and the role of international and regional dynamics in creating and maintaining climate responsibility. The article reframes the contested and contingent geographies of urban climate responsibility through the dimensions of attribution, production and spatialisation before drawing out implications for climate justice and resilience in the Asia Pacific region. 城市是质疑支撑气候责任的社会、标量和空间动态的重要场所。然而，迄今为止，对于气候责任的论述、实践和政治如何在城市背景下形诸法律，理论和经验理解都有限。这一空缺在亚太地区尤为显著，该地区的特点是高速增长的经济、快速城市化、极端贫困和受气候变化影响。本文探讨了香港和新加坡两个城市的城市气候责任政治。基于对非政府组织的实证研究，本文探讨城市是否有责任针对气候变化采取行动以及在这方面有哪些责任，如何在城市内部配置这些责任，以及国际和区域动态在创建和维护气候责任方面的作用。本文从归因、生产和空间化的维度重新定义了城市气候责任的争议性、或然性地理学，然后引出了对亚太地区气候正义和复原力的含义。

Across urbanising Asia, edible commons surprise, contradict or challenge social norms of being in public. Their presence provokes new adjudications of approaching, governing and managing shared and living property, prompting thought on how public and private realms of life may converge into informal modes of co-governance for green place-making and flourishing. Starting with an anecdote of stealing in a short-lived urban farm in Singapore, I conceptualise edible urban commons as ‘active moments’. Specifically, they are active moments where a generative form of friction and fiction emerges, and as such, are allegorical packages that transmit latent capacities. I suggest that closer attention to forms of regulatory slippage in these spaces generates insight about latent capacities for transformation. Finally, I propose a preliminary set of latent capacities for transformative governance towards an ecological identity that supports edible commoning in cities. 在正在城市化的亚洲，可食用公共空间（edible commons）出人意料、与公共社会规范相冲突、并对其形成了挑战。它们的存在引发了对待、管理和治理共享生物资产的新观点，促使人们思考公共和私人生活领域如何融入非正式的共同治理模式，以促进绿色地方营造和繁荣。从一个短命的新加坡城市农场发生的偷窃事件开始，我将可食用城市公共空间概念化为“活跃时刻”。具体来说，它们处于活跃时刻，其中出现了摩擦和虚构的生成形式，因此，是传递潜在能力的寓言包。我建议更密切关注这些空间中的监管滑点形式，这可以让我们了解潜在的转型能力。最后，我提出了一套初步的潜在转型治理能力，以实现支持城市可食用公共空间的生态认同。