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Farmers’ adaptation behavior is vital in adapting to climate change (CC) effects and is affected by many factors. However, the influence of psychological factors on the farmers’ behavior has been less investigated. This research demonstrates the effect of these factors on the “adaptation behavior” of ethnic minority farmers in Backan province, Vietnam. We selected randomly 362 farmers for interviews. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were also applied for data collection. Psychological analysis based on “structural equation modeling” was employed to evaluate the relationships between the psychological factors that affected adaptation behavior. We found that psychological factors incentive, behavior barrier, perception of causes of climate change were significantly associated with adaptation behavior among farmers while risk perception, belief, trust, and constraints do not show a significant correlation. The influencing psychological factors can generate accurate policy options for the policymakers in terms of adaptation to CC in the future, providing structural support to farmers when designing and formulating policies that could encourage “adaptation behaviors” among farmers.

Diversity matters. Whether in the context of ecosystems, education, the workplace, or politics, diversity is now recognized as a fact and as something to be positively affirmed. But what is the value of diversity? What explains its increasing significance? Valuing Diversity is a groundbreaking response to these questions and to the contemporary global dynamics that make them so salient. Peter D. Hershock examines the changes of the last century to show how the successes of Western-style modernity and industrially-powered markets have, ironically, coupled progressive integration and interdependence with the proliferation of political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental differences. Global predicaments like climate change and persistent wealth inequalities compel recognition that we are in the midst of an era-defining shift from the primacy of the technical to that of the ethical. Yet, neither modern liberalism nor its postmodern critiques have offered the resources needed to address such challenges. Making use of Buddhist and ecological insights, Valuing Diversity develops a qualitatively rich conception of diversity as an emerging value and global relational commons, forwarding an ethics of interdependence and responsive virtuosity that opens prospects for a paradigm shift in our pursuits of equity, freedom, and democratic justice.

Hauptintention dieses Beitrages ist es, Lesende zu einem Verständnis von Literatur-Reviews aus einer systemischen und dialogischen Perspektive einzuladen: Angeregt durch die Lektüre eines Beitrags von MONTUORI (2005) beschäftigte ich mich damit, wie solche Reviews situiert und wie Bezüge zwischen Menschen und Ideen hergestellt werden könnten. Transformative Potenziale erschlossen sich mir, indem ich einen Prozess, den ich zuvor positivistisch gedacht hatte, systemisch re-positionierte (BARGE 2006). In diesem Beitrag zeige ich, wie ich Literatur-Reviews aus einer solchen systemischen Perspektive durchführe: Die Texte \"sprechen\" miteinander wie in einem Gespräch, neue Themen und Bezüge werden identifiziert und es entsteht neues Wissen. Das Konzept \"sprechender\" Texte entlehne ich einem dialogischen Ansatz, und ich diskutiere, welche systemischen, dialogischen und ethischen Aspekte beachtet werden sollten.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs150352

Domestic migrant responses to geographically concentrated immigration flows play central roles in determining the local economic impacts of immigration and the geography of the ethnic composition of the population. Possible motivations for domestic migrant responses include: increased labor market competition associated with new immigrants and ethnic or cultural avoidance. We use US annual state-to-state migration flows from the Internal Revenue Service to assess the existence and nature of the link between geographically concentrated immigration and domestic migration. We find some evidence of a domestic migrant response to immigrants, particularly to greater cumulative shares of the foreign born, which we interpret as providing some support of the ethnic or cultural avoidance hypothesis.

This article investigates the interplay between internal and international migration using the example of Germans living in rural Kazakstan. Gorbachev's policies of Glasnost as wel as Germany's ethnically defined immigration laws were prerequisite for a massive outflow of Kazakstani Germans up until the mid-1990s. As a consequence, only about 20 percent (or 200 000 Germans) have stayed in Kazakstan. Within the country, most Germans as well as other non-Kazaks have moved from villages to towns in order to improve their housing conditions and to live among other Russian-speaking citizens. Those who stayed in the countryside usually had the intention of migrating transnationally but were denied immediate immigration permission by the German state. They then often had to wait for several years for a further response. During this time of uncertainty they refrained from making any future plans and therefore often missed the chance to migrate to a town, due to prices for urban housing having significantly risen after the 1990s. Therefore, an envisioned but failed diasporic migration often impeded alternative migration projects. However, this article also refers to those Kazakstani Germans who have deliberately stayed in rural areas. They mostly relate to a memory of Kazakstani German history, which displays the life of a self-sustaining and hard-working peasant. Such a life style is assumed to have saved the lives of many Germans after deportation to Kazakstan in 1941 and is, for some, therefore highly emotionally loaded. The article uses several case studies and seeks to account for the complexity of people's motives for staying or leaving, as well as when and where to go, and for these projects' successes or failures. Reprinted by permission of the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie and Dietrich Reimer Verlag GmbH

Most studies on Kosovo focus primarily on the majority Albanians and the former rulers of the province, the Serbs. However, there are several other ethnic/national communities living in the region. This study will examine the Turkish community of Kosovo and its diasporic relationship with Turkey. This community is a rather extraordinary diaspora of Turkey. One of the reasons that make it extraordinary is the way it has come about. The other reason is that it is not one of the typical ethnic or religious diasporas. It has at times widened through encompassing Albanians. It has also contracted in time as a result of some Turks' renunciation of Turkish identity and adoption of the Albanian one in its stead, and/or using both Turkish and Albanian identities simultaneously. Therefore, this extraordinary Turkish diaspora community impels one to reconsider Turkey's diasporas throughout the world. Adapted from the source document.

The genetic determinants of physiological and developmental responses to environmental stress are poorly understood, This has been primarily due to the difficulty of direct measurement of response and the lack of appropriate statistical genetic methods. Here, I present a unified statistical genetic methodology for human adaptability studies that permits evaluation of the inheritance of quantitative trait response to environmental stressors. The foundation of this approach is the mathematical relationship between genotype-environment interaction and the genetic variance of response to environmental challenge. I describe two basic methods that can be used for either discrete or continuous environments. Each method allows for major loci, residual polygenic variation, and genotype-environment interaction at both the major genic and the polygenic levels. The first method is based on multivariate segregation analysis and is appropriate for situations in which data are available for each individual in each environment. The second method is appropriate for the more common case when response to the environment cannot be observed directly. This method is based on an extension of a mixed major locus/variance component model and can be used when singly measured related individuals are observed in different environments. Three example applications using data on lipoprotein variation in pedigreed baboons are provided to show the utility of these methods.

// ABSTRACT IN SPANISH: El presente trabajo analiza las estrategias y negociaciones que un grupo de jóvenes, hijas de familias migrantes marroquíes residentes en Madrid, ponen en práctica para afrontar el control y las presiones que experimentan en el contexto migratorio. En éste, la preservación de la identidad étnica y la integridad moral del grupo tiende a recaer sobre las hijas, que, por ello, afrontan de un modo particular ciertas restricciones sobre su cuerpo, sexualidad, vestimenta, movimientos o toma de decisiones. Dichas estrategias van desde la aceptación o conformidad con las familias, hasta el cuestionamiento, confrontación y la ruptura, y, en un lugar intermedio, aparecen tácticas que suponen aceptaciones parciales y posibilitan logros sin cuestionar los marcos de referencia ni el poder parental. Es en éstas en las que se centra este artículo. // ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: This work analyzes the strategies and negotiations put into practice by a group of young women descended from Moroccan families living in Madrid, in order to confront the control and pressures they experience in a migratory context. In such contexts, the preservation of ethnic identity and moral integrity is frequently seen as the daughters' responsibility. For this reason, they confront some particular restrictions concerning their bodies, sexuality, dressing, movements or decision-making. Strategies vary: between acceptance and conformity with family norms and questioning, confrontation or rupture, there are intermediate possibilities of partial acceptance that facilitate personal achievements without questioning the familiar frames of reference, and without undermining parental power. This article will mainly analyze such processes.

Past treatments of immigration and ethnicity (and of the relationship between them) tend to ignore processes by which the effects of history and social structure occur at the individual level. Many scholars call for social psychological analyses that show how history and macro-social features of the environment produce individual modes of adaptation to immigration, including the construction and reconstruction of ethnicity as one of the modes. We use a social psychological analysis to tie macro-social characteristics to micro-social characteristics of immediate social contexts to examine how two groups of Mexicans in the United States-Mexicanos and Chicanos-differ in their social identities and in their cultural adaptations. Our results from the analyses of the data in the National Chicano Survey indicate that, as predicted by social identity theory, the differences in the structural and historical conditions experienced by immigrants and ethnics result in a more differentiated identity structure for Chicanos than for Mexicanos. The content of the social identities of the two groups also shows important differences according to outgroup comparisons through mastery of the English language. Also consistent with social identity theory, the most problematic social identities-for example, class and race-are the most psychologically powerful in determining cultural adaptations for both groups. In conclusion, differences between immigrants and ethnics are largely the outcome of shifts in reference groups as they compare themselves to a wider array of people who either promote acceptance of devalued social categorizations or in feelings of discontent about one's social identity.

The economic assimilation of European-origin immigrants is fairly rapid but selectively culture contingent; the economic assimilation of racial minority immigrants is less rapid and less culture contingent. Regression analysis of survey data examines occupational status and earnings effects of eight ethnic attachments among men and women in seven ethnic and racial minorities in mainstream and enclave employment in Toronto (N = 1792), controlling for foreign and domestically acquired human capital. Assimilationist pressures that the survey showed to be widely perceived may apply more to Europeans than to racial minorities. Economic assimilation is affected when \"foreignness\" is most pronounced: very selectively for European immigrants and universally for racial minorities treated as \"foreign,\" presumably based on skin color, regardless of specific culture, identity, behaviors, or network affiliations.