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"Fascist propaganda."
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The Nazi-fascist new order for European culture
During World War II, Nazi-fascist cultural organizations brought writers, filmmakers, and composers together at international conferences where intellectuals celebrated a nationalist and anti-Semitic vision of European culture and pursued the continent-wide reform of the legal and economic bases of European culture. The Nazi-Fascist New Order for European Culture charts the origins, successes, and collapse of the Axis's pan-European cultural institutions. It analyzes their core ideas, charts their internal rivalries, and reveals the complex dynamic of cooperation and competition between the Germans and the Italians that stood at the heart of the project.-- Provided by publisher
Book
Mussolini, Architect
During the fascist years in Italy, architecture and politics enjoyed a close alliance. Benito Mussolini used architecture to educate the masses, exploiting its symbolic prowess as a powerful tool for achieving political consensus.
Mussolini, Architect examines Mussolini in Italy from 1922 to 1943 and expands the traditional interpretations of fascism, advancing the claim that Mussolini devised and implemented architecture as a tool capable of determining public behaviour and influencing opinion. Paolo Nicoloso challenges the assertion that Mussolini was of minimal influence on Italian architecture and argues that in fact the fascist leader played a strong role in encouraging civic architectural development in order to reflect the totalitarian values of the period. Drawing on archival documents, Nicoloso lists the architects who gave Mussolini ideas and describes the times when the dictator himself sometimes picked up a pencil and suggested changes.
Examining the political, social, and architectural history of the fascist period, Mussolini, Architect gives careful attention to the final years of fascist rule in order to demonstrate the extent to which Mussolini was intent on shaping Italy and its citizens through architectural projects.
eBook
Analysing Fascist Discourse
This book focuses primarily on continuities and discontinuities of fascist politics as manifested in discourses of post-war European countries. Many traumatic pasts in Europe are linked to the experience of fascist and national-socialist regimes in the 20th century and to related colonial and imperialist expansionist politics. And yet we are again confronted with the emergence, rise and success of extreme right wing political movements, across Europe and beyond, which frequently draw on fascist and national-socialist ideologies, themes, idioms, arguments and lexical items. Post-war taboos have forced such parties, politicians and their electorate to frequently code their exclusionary fascist rhetoric.
This collection shows that an interdisciplinary critical approach to fascist text and talk-subsuming all instances of meaning-making (oral, visual, written, sounds, etc.) and genres such as policy documents, speeches, school books, media reporting, posters, songs, logos and other symbols-is necessary to deconstruct exclusionary meanings and to confront their inegalitarian political projects.
eBook
Antifascism
A conservative take on the antifascist
movement
Antifascism argues that
current self-described antifascists are not struggling against a
reappearance of interwar fascism, and that the Left that claims to
be opposing fascism has little in common with any earlier Left,
except for some overlap with critical theorists of the Frankfurt
School. Paul Gottfried looks at antifascism from its roots
in early twentieth-century Europe to its American manifestation in
the present. The pivotal development for defining the present
political spectrum, he suggests, has been the replacement of a
recognizably Marxist Left by an intersectional one. Political and
ideological struggles have been configured around this new Left,
which has become a dominant force throughout the Western world.
Gottfried discusses the major changes undergone by antifascist
ideology since the 1960s, fascist and antifascist models of the
state and assumptions about human nature, nationalism versus
globalism, the antifascism of the American conservative
establishment, and Antifa in the United States. Also included is an
excursus on the theory of knowledge presented by Thomas Hobbes in
Leviathan .
In Antifascism Gottfried concludes that promoting a
fear of fascism today serves the interests of the powerful-in
particular, those in positions of political, journalistic, and
educational power who want to bully and isolate political
opponents. He points out the generous support given to the
intersectional Left by multinational capitalists and examines the
movement of the white working class in Europe-including former
members of Communist parties-toward the populist Right, suggesting
this shows a political dynamic that is different from the older
dialectic between Marxists and anti-Marxists.
eBook
Conspiracy and the Spanish Civil War
Written by one of the most celebrated historians of the Spanish Civil War, this book presents a fascinating account of the origins of the war and the nature and importance of conspiracy for the extreme right. Based on exhaustive research, and written with lucidity and considerable humour, it acts as both an outstanding introduction to the vast literature of the war, and a monumental contribution to that literature.
Part I: Communist Plots and the Spanish Civil War Part II: The Brainwashing of Francisco Franco
eBook
Otázka rasy objektivem režisérů fašistické propagandy // The question of race through the lens of the directors of fascist propaganda
This article deals with movies made during the fascist era which are treating the topic of colonial expansion. I tried to analyse these films to find out if they were primarily racist and what message the fascist directors wanted to give to the public. I discovered that the films were mostly meant to justify the Italian intervention rather than to denigrate the African natives. In the movies the key scope was to show the Italians in the best light and depict them as a highly developed nation, which is able and willing to civilize the underdeveloped Africa. Through the analysis of these films we can take a look into the complex core of the fascist ideology.
Journal Article
Peasant Women and Politics in Fascist Italy
Peasant women were the largest female occupational group in Italy between the wars. They led lives characterised by great poverty and heavy workloads, but Fascist propaganda extolled them as the mothers of the nation and the guardians of the rural worlds, the most praiseworthy of Italian women. This study is the first published history of the Massaie Rurali , the Fascist Party's section for peasant women, which, with three million members by 1943, became one of the largest of the regime's mass mobilizing organizations. The section played a key role in such core fascist campaigns as nation-building and ruralization. Perry Willson draws on a wide range of archival and contemporary press sources to investigate the nature of the Massaie Rurali and the dynamics of class and gender that lay at its heart. She explores the organization's political message, its propaganda and the reasons why so many women joined it.
eBook
Leni Riefenstahl sinemasını tartışmak
Leni Riefenstahl, Nazi dönemi sinemacıları arasında en
tartışmalı isimlerin başında gelir. Nazi Partisi iktidarı boyunca
çektiği filmler, kimi çevrelerce Nazi iktidarıyla işbirliğinin
belgesi, kimileri için de salt sanattır. II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası
üretimi üzerine yapılan değerlendirmeler ise kimi zaman faşist
estetiğin izlerini takip eder, kimi zamansa filmlerini
ideolojiden azade imgelere indirger. Yaşamı boyunca
filmlerinin ideolojik değerini reddeden ve kendisini uyumun ve
güzelliğin yönetmeni olarak savunmaya çabalayan
Riefenstahl’in sineması, bu makalede sürdürülen bu iki
kutuplu tartışma ekseninde ele alınmaktadır. Riefenstahl’in
adı sıkça Nazi dönemi propaganda sinemasına damgasını
vuracak olan İradenin Zaferi (1935) ve Olympia I. ve II. Bölüm
(1938) filmleriyle anılır. 1970’lerden itibaren ise bir Afrika
kabilesi olan Nubaların fotoğraflarını ve sonraki yıllarda
sualtını gösteren çekimlerle yeniden gündem olur. Aynı yıllar
Riefenstahl için geçmişinin rehabilite edildiği, kendisinin de
bir tür Rönesans yaşadığı yeni bir dönemin başlangıcı olur.
Riefenstahl’in Nazi dönemi ile bu dönemin öncesi ve sonrası
ürettiği estetiği ve imgeleri arasında bir izleğin mevcudiyetine
inanan Susan Sontag, bu rehabilitasyon sürecine karşı çıkar.
“Sanat sanat içindir” fikri ile göstermenin ve görmenin etiği
karşı karşıya gelir. Makale Riefenstahl’in filmlerini, yaşamöyküsünü, söylemlerini ve Sontag’ın müdahalesini esas
alarak sinema aracılığıyla faşist propagandanın yapısını ve
liberal toplumda etkisini sürdürebildiği çeperi ortaya koymak
ve tartışmak niyeti taşımaktadır.
Journal Article
Florentine Cultural Journalism under Fascism: \Il Bargello\
The Bargello was the official broadsheet of the Fascist Party in Florence from 1929 to 1943. It hosted articles from most of the important writers working in the city at the time, including Vittorini, Pratolini, and Gatto, as well as others less committed to the Fascist cause. This account of the trajectory of the history of the paper is also an account of the involvement of Italian modernism with Fascism, producing evidence that many modernists only gradually and partially distanced themselves from the régime before 1943.
Journal Article