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"Formal gardens Design."
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Royal gardens : extraordinary edens from around the world
\"Throughout history and around the world, monarchies have overseen the creation of splendid gardens on the grounds of their royal palaces, leaving a legacy of incredibly gorgeous places rich with historical importance. These gardens were conceived not only for the pleasure of kings and queens but also as a sign of their power. In this lavishly illustrated book, photographer Jean-Baptiste Leroux takes us on an exclusive walk through some of the most beautiful gardens in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia--all of which have belonged, or still belong, to royal families.\"--Publisher's description.
Book
The Last Polish of a Refined Nation
This essay explores notions and mechanisms of garden design in colonial and early national Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, addressing whether garden creators looked beyond the immediate region to conventions of design and design practice in the Atlantic world. Although the city was among the most prosperous and populous areas of settlement in the North American colonies by the mid-eighteenth century, information about Philadelphia gardens is remarkably slim, and thus we must contend with what this paucity conveys about them. Narratives of the inevitable progress of the garden creation process toward professionally designed, suburban landscape have tended to cast either a pejorative light on other processes or led to those processes and motives for them remaining unrecognized. In order to begin to develop other narratives of garden creation, this essay addresses the role of owners and garden-makers who differ from this model, looking at the religious ideas of early estate owners, the relationship between the British elite and garden owners, and the role of the earliest American garden artists and professional plantsmen.
Journal Article
Connecting New Urbanism and American planning: an historical interpretation
The historical lineage of New Urbanism is often confined to the traditional American small town, John Nolen's planned communities, or the neighborhood unit model of Clarence Perry. This paper argues that the lineage is more complex, and actually consists of four separate though inter-related dimensions. These are essentially four different ways of approaching the task of making good urban places. I label these incrementalism, plan-making, planned communities, and regionalism. Concisely, incrementalism is about small scale, incremental change; plan-making is about using plans to achieve good urbanism; planned communities focuses on complete settlements; and regionalism looks at the city in its natural, regional context. New Urbanism is a movement attempting to reconcile these different approaches to urbanism in America that have been evolving since the nineteenth century. Its statement of principles, published as the Charter of the New Urbanism (a concise list of 27 principles) reveals its straightforward reliance on such diverse proposals as Jane Jacob's views on organized complexity, Werner Hegemann and Elbert Peet's civic art, Ebenezer Howard's garden cities, and Benton MacKaye's regionalism. Focusing on the American planning context, this paper traces this varied lineage and attempts to organize the recurrent threads that define the movement. It also discusses some of the conflicts that necessarily arise in attempting to combine diverse ideas about urbanism in America. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
THE GREEN BRONX MACHINE
I first saw Stephen Ritz on a projector screen at Colorado Mountain College (CMC) in Carbondale, Colorado, in January of 2012. I was attending a live stream of a TED Talks on food at the college, which had attracted a large audience of local sustainable food advocates, when Ritz danced onto the screen. A former professional basketball player from the Bronx, he bopped and jumped animatedly about the stage as a myriad of photos showing high school students in the South Bronx planting living walls of food in their schools and outdoor gardens were projected behind him. Ritz spoke passionately
Book Chapter
THE HEALING POWERS OF NATURE IN JOPLIN’S CUNNINGHAM PARK
May 22, 2011, was supposed to be a day to celebrate, as high school graduates in Joplin, Missouri, tossed their caps into the air. But the Sunday graduation ceremony quickly turned to tragedy when a tornado barreled down through the middle of the city, killing 161 residents (SPC-NOAA 2015; Kansas City Star 2011). The entire community felt the impact of the tornado’s destructive path (Letner 2011). Yet after the tragedy, Joplin community members, along with a flood of volunteers from nearby Drury University and beyond, generated multiple “civic waves” of recovery.
This chapter describes Drury University’s design-build of historic Cunningham
Book Chapter
Reading and Writing with Nature: Social Claims and the French Formal Garden
The social mobility in seventeenth-century France, brought on by the rise of the bourgeoisie, put strains on the system of social stratification. Social identities were unstable enough that members of the upper ranks had to claim rather than assume their position, & material culture was mobilized to help make these claims. The great formal gardens in seventeenth-century France were used dramatically in court circles for making these social claims. They were, on the surface at least, celebrations of power & aristocratic virtues, yet they were tied to changes brought about by capitalism. The gardens were also used as sites for small-scale entrepreneurialism; eg, garden designers became writers & consultants, selling their court-cultivated design skills to customers beyond court circles. In addition, the symbolism in the gardens showed a combination of noble & bourgeois influences; the gardens above all celebrated land, partly as territory (in the aristocratic tradition) & partly as property (in bourgeois culture). Symbolically, the garden with its carefully delineated beds & topiary sentinels resembled state territory being protected by a military presence. Because of these characteristics, the royal gardens of seventeenth-century France presented to visitors claims about the power of the French state that melded bourgeois & aristocratic images of power & culture. Modified AA
Journal Article
Design Theory
Theories of design in visual art, architecture, and garden design developed as a reflection of the natural conditions of the environment, cultural influences, and artistic interpretations of the time. This theoretical information is presented to help designers generate strong concepts and alternative layouts as they create their natural outdoor classrooms, wildlife habitats, and gardens. These ideas have broad application to landscape design, and within the context of this book, the termsoutdoor classroom, wildlife habitat,andgardenare interchanged in various applications. Keep in mind that this background information is an overview of styles and visual fundamentals (principles and elements)
Book Chapter