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Revival type : digital typefaces inspired by the past
In this fascinating tour through typographic history, Paul Shaw provides a visually rich exploration of digital type revival. Many typefaces from the pre-digital past have been reinvented for use on computers and mobile devices, while other new font designs are revivals of letterforms, drawn from inscriptions, calligraphic manuals, posters, and book jackets. Revival Type deftly introduces these fonts, many of which are widely used, and engagingly tells their stories. Examples include translations of letterforms not previously used as type, direct revivals of metal and wood typefaces, and looser interpretations of older fonts. Among these are variations on classic designs by John Baskerville, Giambattista Bodoni, William Caslon, Firmin Didot, Claude Garamont, Robert Granjon, and Nicolas Jenson, as well as typefaces inspired by less familiar designers, including Richard Austin, Philippe Grandjean, and Eudald Pradell. Updates and revisions of 20th-century classics such as Palatino, Meridien, DIN, Metro, and Neue Haas Grotesk (Helvetica) are also discussed. Handsomely illustrated with annotated examples, archival material depicting classic designs, and full character sets of modern typefaces, Revival Type is an essential introduction for designers and design enthusiasts into the process of reinterpreting historical type.
Book
Toolpath-Driven Surface Articulation for Wax Formwork Technology in the Production of Thin-Shell, Robotic, COsub.2-Reduced Shotcrete Elements
This study introduces a digital fabrication process for producing recyclable, closed-loop wax formwork for architectural concrete applications with visually rich surface articulation while drastically reducing formwork milling time. As such, this paper presents (a) a circular large-scale production method for wax blocks via a single casting process; (b) four machine-time-optimized surface articulation strategies through CNC toolpath-driven design; (c) the investigation of different coating systems to improve architectural concrete surface quality and to ease demolding; and (d) the integration of robotic concrete shotcreting using a low-CO[sub.2] fine-grain concrete. For the first time, wax formwork technology, characterized by its waste-free approach, has been combined with robotic shotcreting in a digital and automated workflow to fabricate fiber-reinforced, geometrically complex thin-shell concrete elements with distinct surface articulations. To evaluate the process, a series of four thin-shell concrete elements was produced, employing four distinct parametric toolpath-driven designs: linear surface articulation, crossed surface articulation, topology-adapted curve flow surface articulation, and robotic drill topology-adapted surface articulation. Results revealed a possible reduction in milling time of between 77% and 94% compared to traditional milling methods. The optimized toolpaths and design-driven milling strategies achieved a high degree of visual richness, showcasing the potential of this integrated approach for the production of high-quality architectural concrete elements.
Journal Article
Development and Characterization of Bio-Based Composite Films for Food Packing Applications Using Boiled Rice Water and IPistacia vera/I Shells
Customer demand for natural packaging materials in the food industry has increased. Biocomposite films developed using boiled rice water could be an eco-friendly and cost-effective packaging product in the future. This study reports the development of bio-based films using waste materials, such as boiled rice water (matrix) and Pistacia vera shells (reinforcement material), using an adapted solution casting method. Several film combinations were developed using various concentrations of plasticizing agent (sorbitol), thickening agent (oil and agar), and stabilizing agents (Arabic gum, corn starch, and Pistacia vera shell powder). Various packaging properties of the film were analyzed and examined to select the best bio-based film for food packaging applications. The film fabricated with Pistacia vera shell powder in the biocomposite film exhibited a reduced water solubility, swelling index, and moisture content, as compared to polyethene packaging material, whereas the biocomposite film exhibited poor antimicrobial properties, high vapor transmission rate, and high biodegradability rate. The packaging properties and characterization of the film indicated that the boiled rice water film with Pistacia vera shell powder was suitable for packaging material applications.
Journal Article
Walter Laqueur
Readers of the Journal of Contemporary History will be saddened to learn of the death of its founding co-editor Walter Laqueur, at his home in Washington, DC, at the age of 97.
Journal Article
Fabrication and Characterization of Poly-Based Active Biodegradable Films Incorporating Allyl Isothiocyanate
In this study, in order to overcome the fragility and cost disadvantages of PHB-based films, PHB was blended with PCL. Additionally, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was incorporated as an active component. The resulting PHB, PCL, and PHB/PCL composite films with/without allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) prepared via the casting method were analyzed for their physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, barrier, morphological properties and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. While neat PHB films showed the highest tensile strength (TS) of 19.82 MPa and the lowest elongation at break (EB) of 1.13%, PHB/PCL blend films exhibited lower TS (15.34 MPa) and higher EB values (21.33%). AITC addition decreased TS significantly while showing no significant impact on EB. PHB/PCL blend films had the highest water vapor permeability (WVP) values, possibly due to their increased porosity, while neat PCL- and PHB-based films showed better oxygen and water vapor barrier properties, respectively. DSC analysis showed that PHB and PCL films had a crystalline phase, while in the case of PHB/PCL blend films, both polymers maintained their characteristic melting behaviors. The addition of AITC affected the thermal stability by increasing the melting temperature of the PHB films and decreasing the melting temperature of the PCL films. SEM analyses revealed that PHB and PHB-A films had a homogeneous structure, while irregular spherical structures and cracks were also observed in PCL and PCL-A films. The incorporation of AITC into the film samples (PHB-A, PCL-A, and PHB/PCL-A) brought remarkable antimicrobial (from 16.25 mm to 37.25 mm of inhibition zones) and antioxidant activity (from 281.85 to 286.41 mg trolox equivalent/1 g film sample, as measured by CUPRAC), while no activity was observed in the control films without AITC (PHB, PCL, and PHB/PCL). In conclusion, new AITC-activated PHB-, PCL-, and PHB/PCL-based films were successfully designated with additional functionalities and showed valuable potential to be used in active biodegradable food packaging applications.
Journal Article