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Revival type : digital typefaces inspired by the past
In this fascinating tour through typographic history, Paul Shaw provides a visually rich exploration of digital type revival. Many typefaces from the pre-digital past have been reinvented for use on computers and mobile devices, while other new font designs are revivals of letterforms, drawn from inscriptions, calligraphic manuals, posters, and book jackets. Revival Type deftly introduces these fonts, many of which are widely used, and engagingly tells their stories. Examples include translations of letterforms not previously used as type, direct revivals of metal and wood typefaces, and looser interpretations of older fonts. Among these are variations on classic designs by John Baskerville, Giambattista Bodoni, William Caslon, Firmin Didot, Claude Garamont, Robert Granjon, and Nicolas Jenson, as well as typefaces inspired by less familiar designers, including Richard Austin, Philippe Grandjean, and Eudald Pradell. Updates and revisions of 20th-century classics such as Palatino, Meridien, DIN, Metro, and Neue Haas Grotesk (Helvetica) are also discussed. Handsomely illustrated with annotated examples, archival material depicting classic designs, and full character sets of modern typefaces, Revival Type is an essential introduction for designers and design enthusiasts into the process of reinterpreting historical type.
Book
Toolpath-Driven Surface Articulation for Wax Formwork Technology in the Production of Thin-Shell, Robotic, COsub.2-Reduced Shotcrete Elements
This study introduces a digital fabrication process for producing recyclable, closed-loop wax formwork for architectural concrete applications with visually rich surface articulation while drastically reducing formwork milling time. As such, this paper presents (a) a circular large-scale production method for wax blocks via a single casting process; (b) four machine-time-optimized surface articulation strategies through CNC toolpath-driven design; (c) the investigation of different coating systems to improve architectural concrete surface quality and to ease demolding; and (d) the integration of robotic concrete shotcreting using a low-CO[sub.2] fine-grain concrete. For the first time, wax formwork technology, characterized by its waste-free approach, has been combined with robotic shotcreting in a digital and automated workflow to fabricate fiber-reinforced, geometrically complex thin-shell concrete elements with distinct surface articulations. To evaluate the process, a series of four thin-shell concrete elements was produced, employing four distinct parametric toolpath-driven designs: linear surface articulation, crossed surface articulation, topology-adapted curve flow surface articulation, and robotic drill topology-adapted surface articulation. Results revealed a possible reduction in milling time of between 77% and 94% compared to traditional milling methods. The optimized toolpaths and design-driven milling strategies achieved a high degree of visual richness, showcasing the potential of this integrated approach for the production of high-quality architectural concrete elements.
Journal Article
Development and Characterization of Bio-Based Composite Films for Food Packing Applications Using Boiled Rice Water and IPistacia vera/I Shells
Customer demand for natural packaging materials in the food industry has increased. Biocomposite films developed using boiled rice water could be an eco-friendly and cost-effective packaging product in the future. This study reports the development of bio-based films using waste materials, such as boiled rice water (matrix) and Pistacia vera shells (reinforcement material), using an adapted solution casting method. Several film combinations were developed using various concentrations of plasticizing agent (sorbitol), thickening agent (oil and agar), and stabilizing agents (Arabic gum, corn starch, and Pistacia vera shell powder). Various packaging properties of the film were analyzed and examined to select the best bio-based film for food packaging applications. The film fabricated with Pistacia vera shell powder in the biocomposite film exhibited a reduced water solubility, swelling index, and moisture content, as compared to polyethene packaging material, whereas the biocomposite film exhibited poor antimicrobial properties, high vapor transmission rate, and high biodegradability rate. The packaging properties and characterization of the film indicated that the boiled rice water film with Pistacia vera shell powder was suitable for packaging material applications.
Journal Article
Functionally graded A6061-TiB.sub.2 in-situ nano-composites by high shear dispersion mixing assisted centrifugal casting technique
Functionally graded metal matrix composites (FGMMCs) are the subject of extensive research due to their potential to provide position-specific properties for advanced engineering structural components. The study presents the processing and characterization of FG A6061-5 wt% TiB.sub.2 in-situ nano-composites, processed using three different techniques: manual stirring (MS)/continuous impeller stirring (CI)/high shear mixing (HS), followed by solidification through centrifugal casting. High-shear mixing (HS) significantly improved TiBâ dispersion, resulting in smaller clusters (10 nm to a few microns) compared to CI (9 µm) and MS (3 µm). Moreover, primary [alpha]-Al grain size was reduced by 59% in HS, 33% in CI, and 19% in MS, relative to the cast alloys. Consequently, the hardness variation from inner to outer regions was also greater in heat-treated samples, with HS composites exhibiting a 34% increase, compared to 28% for CI and 24% for MS, indicating superior performance in the HS-processed composites. An increase of compressive yield strength from 170 to 185 MPa was observed for different composite samples (MS, CI, and HS-outer regions) between as-cast and heat-treated conditions. The heat-treated HS-processed composite exhibited the highest tensile yield strength of 259 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 372 MPa, and a strain of 3.7%, representing substantial improvements over both the alloy and other composites. In terms of wear resistance, the heat-treated HS-processed composites showed a 56% reduction in wear rate compared to the alloy, outperforming CI (44%) and MS (38%). The improved properties are attributed to mechanisms such as Hall-Petch, Orowan's, and CTE mismatch strengthening.
Journal Article
Walter Laqueur
Readers of the Journal of Contemporary History will be saddened to learn of the death of its founding co-editor Walter Laqueur, at his home in Washington, DC, at the age of 97.
Journal Article